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Show peitah basin fabhee THE Stem-Ru- st Spores in Barberry Bush Common Plant May Produce 64,000,000,000 in Course of One Year. United States Department (Prepared by the ot Agriculture.) Calculating the possibilities of the barberry bush as a source of stem rust In wheat has carried investigators of the United States Department of Agriculture into mathematical multiplica tlons that are beyond the reading capacity of the man whose arithmetical tables may have stopped with billions or trillions. Lynn D. Hutton, of the bureau of plant industry, says that a common barberry bush 6 to 8 feet high may produce more than 64,000,000,000 stem-ruspores in a single year. Spores Are Small. These spores are extremely small and may be carried by the wind. Each one that alights on a grain or grass plant may produce a rust pustule which contains 200,000 red or summer rust spores, and any one of these alighting on a grain plant may again multiply Itself by about 200,000 within a week or ten days. Just assuming that each spore from the original bush lodged favorably and multiplied, the number of rust spores in the second generation of red rust would be expressed by 256 followed by 19 zeros, besides which the number of cents In all the European war debts combined would make comparatively easy reading. Grain Lou la Big. Four or five additional generations aaybe produced in a year favorable .to rust spread. Fortunately for our food supply only a t 'ill percentage of these spores ever tally germinate and damage the sun .rains. Those that do live, however, are responsible for an average annual loss of 50,000,-00- 0 bushels of small grains in the upper Mississippi valley states. How many barberry bushes may remain as sources of Infection is not known. Many have been destroyed as fanners have realized bow dangerous they are, but many have not yet been reached. Each one remaining is a source of danger. st Combines Reduce Harvesting Cost Saving May Be Lost if Care Is Not Taken in Handling Grain. (Prepared by the United States Department ot Agriculture.) . Five principal sources of damage and loss in grain in 'connection with the operation of combine-harvestehave been observed by TL H.' Black and E. G. Boerner, grain marketing specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture in a study of combine harvesting in the spring wheat area. These observations apply also to winter wheat in the Southrs west These investigators declare that combines reduce the expense of h&r vesting and threshing, but unless the machines are operated under proper conditions and care is taken to handle the threshed grain properly this saving may be lost The chief causes of damage are harvesting before the wheat Is ripe, cutting wheat that contains excess moisture, occurrence of green weed seeds in threshed wheat, storing damp wheat in bins, and sforing wheat that contains green weed seeds. Delay Harvesting. The investigation disclosed that it is best to delay harvesting with a combine until the wheat is mature and dry. Spring wheat in the field in the central Northwest absorbs moisture at night and is- seldom dry to harvest before eleven enough noon. Harvesting should or oclock be delayed after a rain until the grain Is dry.. Wheat that contains more than 14 per cent moisture is not considered as dry. Immature, damp, or weedy wheat, it was found, cannot be stored with safety. Weed seeds in even fairly dry threshed wheat may cause spoilage In storage. Properly constructed ventilators, open to the outside air and placed close together in a bin, the investigators learned, will keep clean grain which contains only a slight excess of moisture from going out of condition in storage, but may not prevent spoilage if the grain Is immature or damp or if the grain contains green weed seeds. Watch Spring Wheat. In the spring wheat area any wheat which contains more than 14 per cent moisture must be watched carefully while it is In storage. Rely on ventilated bins only for wheat that is ripe, fairly dry, clean and sound, say the investigators. If only one of these essentials Is lacking the wheat may spoil even in ventilated bins. The higher the moisture content of the grain the greater will be the danger of spoiling while it is in storage. - , y i Fattening Ration Is Given Out by Jersey The New Jersey station gives the following as a desirable special fattening ration: One hundred pounds corn meal, fifty pounds wheat middlings, fifty pounds ground heavy oats or ground oatmeal, thirty pounds meat scrap. This mash Is mixed with water and fed to the broilers three times a day, all they will clean up in 15 to 20 minutes. When milk is available for mixing, the meat scrap should be omitted from the mash. If semisolid buttermilk Is used, dilute one part of it with three parts of water and then mix with mash. When powdered milk is used, substitute thirty pounds of it and omit the meat scrap. Water should be kept available for the birds. Market the broilers when they weigh two and two' and half pounds. Improved Machinery Cuts Haying Costs those In France. However, our sons are losing their virgin fertility rapidly and even now the most productive lands usually respond well in jrop Increases when manure is applied. Farmers Forgtt That Easier Sawdust and Shavings Way Is Also Cheaper. Tend to Make Soil Sour (Prepared br the United State ot Agriculture.) Department Hay production in the eastern states is nGt managed so efficiently and economically, lu many cases, as farther west, according to R. S. Washburn, of the bureau of agricultural economics. United States Department of Agriculture. A study of haymaking on representative farms in Pennsylvania indicated that some farmers harvest and store an acre of hay with four hours of labor, whereas on other farms more than eight hours of labor 1s required. One element many farmers have overlooked is that the easier way Is also the cheaper way. rake The use of the be expected to and the hayloader may effect a saving of approximately one hours per acre of man and one-haone-hahour per acre of labor and as horse work, compared with the use and hand loading rake of the dump With wages at 40 windrow. from the an cents hour, says Mr. Washburn, this represents a saving of 60 cents per acre in man labor alone which, with 30 acres of hay amounts to $18, or more than enough to pay the interest and depreciation on the necesrake sary investment in a and hayloader. Unloading hay by hand Is tedioni and expensive. Economy Is to be expected from the use of the double harpoon, grapple fork, or slings In cut is unloading. A mower of In used the East mostly commonly mowers used widely The 6 and in the West allow for cutting an additional two acres In ten hours for each added foot of width. On farms which grow 40 acres or more of hay, the 12 or rake should be used, says Mr. Washburn, in preference to the e small rake. With the wider rake 50 per cent more ground can be covered, in a day and the work Is done more easily. side-delive- ry lf lf side-deliver- y ot ot 14-fo- ot one-hors- Sawdust and shavings in manure-tento make the soil soar. If used comes from stables, all shavings and sawdust should be removed if possible. The manure from sheep, pigeons, and chickens contain a great deal of food that the plants use. These manures are more valuable than the ordinary barnyard manures, but must not be spread too thickly over your garden. It is generally customary to work coarse manure into garden soil lu the fall so that It will have time to decay. In the spring, well rotted manure can be worked Into the soil with a digging fork. d the-manur- e Sell Young Ducks Young ducks should be sold at the age of ten weeks or they will molt and lose weight very rapidly. Finding a good market seems to be a great difficulty with many growers but any of our large cities want good fat ducks most any time of the year and with the commission firms and express a good market should not be hard to find. The demand for good fat ducks was never better and as the demand for chickens Increases, so It will for ducks. Plants in Order dairy cow may not be able to compete with a steam engine in the production of power; on the other hand, a steam engine would certainly A -- be out of place in a cow stalL It. follows, therefore, that we feed a steam engine for the production of steam power, and a cow for. the production of milk. In both cases we must main- tain the manufacturing plants In good working order. Old newspapers, 15c bundle while they last. ROOSE47-- tf VELT STANDARD. FOR SALE Dairy Herd Improvement n Test Shows Profit Made I BARGAIN Analysis of more than 100,000 yearly 100 sheets paper end 100 ea- Individual records from cows on test H velopes with year n&mft ot In dairy herd Improvement associag the name of year farm and B tions Indicate that, on the average, address neatly printed. $3.00 cows that produced 100 pounds of Best linen paper. Only a few 1 butterfat a year returned $14 each boxes left over cost of feed ; those that produced 200 pounds, $54 over cost of feed; 1 MAIL YOUR ORDER TODAY 1 300 pounds, $96; 400 poiJnds, $138; d and cows returned $178 over cost of feed. Thus the man milka producer would have Forest fires not, only destroy timber ing more return than If he milked a dozec but also large quantities of game. "SAVE! 'ran REDDLE-MAir- o cows, and this would take no account of the added tabor of milkHay - that has dew or rain on it by- buying' FAEDLE3 should not be stored, as It is likely ing and caring for the larger herd or direct from tie mans- of the much greater expense of proto heat and mold. factnrer. Beni for our ' viding stable room for. a herd Instead tree illustrated catalog of a single animal. The figures from The 7esicm Saddle Spray Colorado potato beetles with returns are based on farm prices from arsenate of lead . at the rate of 6 Uzi Cot all parts of the country, including 1651 Larimer SL pounds t to 100 gallons of bordeaux whole-mildistricts. mixture. Denver. I I Around the Farm Roosevelt Standard 500-poun- 500-pou- 100-poun- d psojir . -- k O-lor- sdo In small patches, Canada thistles can be eradicated by covering for an entire season with any material that will completely exclude light, such as tarred .aper, heay building paper, and old tin roofing. Roosts or perches should be placed in the brooder houses by the time the birds are four weeks old. Pullets that are not crowded and are roosting early thrive better and will make better growth. Returning Manure to Worn Soils Profitable Return of barnyard manure to worn soils has long been recognized as a profitable farm practice. In France, a farmer's prosperity often is meas ured In terms of the size of the manure pile which he has carefully built near his stable. Lie has learned so well to utilize manure that this method of judging him Is a very good criterion. Soil conditions anil cropping practices in the Tortile cornbolt are very different, for the most part, from ; I Wczj f n- Uercrfe 1 The store with complete line cf I Groceries FroxfeSws Eflf I sd Goods, NetStsa, I Gents Fpraishizce Esote aS-- 3 l Shoes, Fsrmlisr If Btaves, Ranges, Harness, aa3 I Saddles. I You will profit by trading ! here. I FT. DUCHESNE. UTAH I j3 r |