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Show Coast Guard's Guards ' 154th Birthday Finds It Fighting AxisOn Axis AxisOn AxisOn On Seven Seas , in Addition to Peacetime Duties Duf1 s Service Originated OriginatedAs As Arm of Treasury TreasuryTo TreasuryTo To Check SmugglingSoon Smuggling Soon after he took over direction di direcbon directlon recbon rectlon of the treasury In m InGeorge mGeorge mGeorge George Washmgton's Washmgtons Washington's Washingtons ' cabmet cabinet cabinetAlexander , Alexander Ham Hamilton ton discov dISCOV- dISCOVered discovered discovered - - ered that the government was waslosmg waslosing waslosing losmg losing a lot of sorely needed neededrevenue neededrevenue neededrevenue revenue because of the brIsk brIsksmugglIng brisksmuggling brisksmuggling smugglIng ; "that that 1hat 'that " ' was going gomg on oni onalong onalong onalong i along the coast Accotpmgly Accoimgly Accordinglybe , I Ihe he told the President that thatsomethmg thatsomething thatsomething somethmg something would have to be bei bedone bedone i done Washington Washmgton brought the thematter thematter thematter matter to the attention of ofcongress ofcongress ofcongress congress , and that body , acting act act- acting actmg - - ing mg with remarkable celerIty celerityprovided , provided funds for the estab estab- establ.1shment estabhshment establishment - - . lishment l.1shment l1shment hshment of the Revenue Cut Cut- Cutter Cutter Cutter - ter Service So it was that on onAugust onAugust onAugust August 4 4,1790 41790 , 1790 , the U S coast coastguard coastguard coastguard guard was born The service serviceIS service1s serviceis IS 1s celebrating celebratmg ceebrating } its 154th anni anm- anm anmversary anni- anni anniversary anniversary - - versary this year It has the thelongest thelongest thelongest longest recordof record of all the na- na natIon's nation's na nation's - - ' tak tak- taken tak- tak taken taken - tion's tions sea forces , having havmg - en part in m every war since the theRevolutIOn theRevolution theRevolution theRevolutionFrom RevolutIOn RevolutIOnFrom From post Revolutionary days dayswhen dayswhen dayswhen when It operated a handful ot of tIDy tiny tIDy48foot tiny48foot tiny48-foot tiny48 foot 48-foot 48 foot - - - cutlers cutters concentratlne concentrating on the thecollectIon thecollection thecollection collectIon of Import duties for the thewant theinfant theinfant want infant republic repubhc the coast guard has hasexpanded hasexpanded hasexpanded expanded in scope of its actIvIties actIvItiesand activitiesand activitiesand and In size until today it Has lias Ilas more morethan morethan morethan than 200 200000 000 officers and enlisted enlistedmen enlistedmen enlistedmen men and Is fs fighting fightmg the Axis all allover allover allover over the worldActually worldActually world worldActually Actually the Tariff Act of 1790 1790merely 1790merely 1790merely merely authorized the building bUlldmg of ofSIX ofsix ofsix SIX revenue cutters to insure msure the thecollectIon thecollection thecollection collectIon of customs But our ourfoundmg ourfounding ourfounding foundmg founding fathers realized that this thislittle thislittle thislittle little fleet fieet might prove valuable as a adefense adefense adefense defense unit umt So it was decided to toorganIZe toorganize toorganize organIZe the men and ships on a amIlItary amilitary amilitary mIlItary basis President Washing Washington Washington Washington ton commissioned Hopley Heaton of ofNew ofNew ofNew New Hampshire to command a cut cutter cutter cutter ter in the service of the Umted United UnitedStates UnitedStates UnitedStatesOne , States StatesOne One hundred and fifty four years yearslater yearslater yearslater later coast guard vessels are operat operating operatIng operating ing as part of the navy sweepmg sweeping sweepmgthe sweepingthe sweepingthe the seas of enemy subs and coast coastguard coastguard coastguard guard landing landmg craft are spear head headmg heading heading mg ing invasions mvaslons putting marmes marines marmesashore marinesashore marinesashore ashore in m the South Pacific and thearmy the thearmy thearmy army in m France The coast guardi guardhas guardhas guard i has fulfilled the fondest hopes of ItS ItSI ItSfounders itsfounders itsfounders founders . . . I But the military mlhtary mihtary useful1ess usefupess usefulness { ) of the thecoast thecoast thecoast coast guard which has reached a apeak apeak apeak peak m this war was apparent soon soonI soonafter soonafter soonafter I I 1797I after its organization orgamzatIon In 1797 1797Amencan 1797American 1797American Amencan American ships bound for England Englandwere Englandwere Englandwere were seized and boarded by prlva priva prlvateermg pnvateenng I prlvaI , teermg French vessels operatingwith operating operatmg with tacit blessing of the RevolutIOn RevolutIOnary Revolutionany Revolutionary ary any government of France FranceI FranceFought FranceFought FranceFought I Fought French Frencb PrivateersWhen PrivateersWhen Privateers PrivateersWhen When in m 1799 the U S navy wasfinally was wasfinally wasfinally finally organized and new ships were wereI weresent weresent sent out to aid the cutters m in their theirbattle theirbattle theirbattle I battle againsf agaisf agams ! the French But it IS ISinterestmg isinteresting isinteresting interestmg interesting to note that of the 22 22ships 22ships 22ships ships captured 18 were taken by bythe bythe bythe the coast guard which also alse . assisted assistedin assistedIn in the capture of two moreThe moreThe more moreThe The undeclared war agamst against agamstFrance againstFrance againstFrance France saw the esta establishment llshment of theprecedent the theprecedent theprecedent precedent of transferring transferrmg the coast coastguard coastguard coastguard guard from the treasury department departmentto to the navy in m time of war Ever Eversmce Eversince Eversince smce since this date the alert trim fight fightmg fighting fighting mg ing coast guard cutters and men menhave menhave menhave have joined Jomed the navy by pre presiden presidenttal presidential sid en entIal tIal ttal proclamation on the outbreak of ofhostilities ofhostilities ofhostilities ofhostilitiesWhen hostilities hostilitiesWhen When peace with France was re restored restored restored stored in m 1801 the cutters were re returned returned returned turned to the treasury department departmentand departmentand departmentand and in m an economy measure by the thehard thehard thehard hard pressed government several I . r EXPERTLY handlinf handllnc handling their land landIng landlug landInr Ing lug craft craff , . coait coast & ' cuirdsmen 1lardsmen guardsmen brine bring a abarre abarge barre barge shorrMthrough b rce loaded 10adcd with soldicri solaJer soldiers to short shorrM shore shorethronEb ; , thronEb through the treacherous cnrf surf of theSouth the theSouth theSouth South Pacific Pacl c " ; i1 This boat was wasswamped wasswamped w sBwxmped swamped , . but the crew manaeed managed to toland toland toland land the troops entrusted entrnsted to theircare theircare their care , were decommissioned But when whendurmg whenduring whenduring durmg during ' the coming years fears ofa ofa of a war with England caused anxious anxiousnaval anxiousnaval anxious-naval anxious naval - naval authorities to survey our ournaval ournaval ournaval naval strength additional cutters cutterswere cutterswere cutterswere were authorized and built all aU of ofwhIch ofwhich ofwhich whIch served with distinction dlstmction In the theWar theWar theWar War of 1812The 1812The 1812 1812The The Civil ClV war wrought havoc WIth WIththe withthe withthe the revenue cutter service althoughall although althoughall all its vessels fought on the side of ofthe ofthe othe ( the Union Umon Trained crews creWI ! and of offlcers officers offleers flcers ficers torn between divided dIVld\.d dIVld.d dIVld .d d \ . loyal loyalties loyalties loyalties ties left the service to join their theirrespectIve theirrespective theirrespective respectIve sides To fill the paces pacesof p'acesof pacesof 'aces aces 'acesof ' of these men having havmg decades of ofservIce ofservice ofservice servIce and experience relaxed relaxedstandards relaxedstandards relaxedstandards standards made possible the admiS admiSslon admission admission slon sion of some unfit morally and men mentally mentally mentally tally and soon after th the ' War 'vIar vIar a com corn complete cornplete cornplete plete reorganization of the servIce servIcewas servicewas servicewas was necessary And this tlus reorganl reorgani reorganlzatIon reorganization reorganization zatIon was thoroughNew thoroughNew thorough thoroughNew New ships were constructed and andIn andIn andin In 1876 an academy was establlhed established establishedto establishedto establlhedto ! to tram officers Although at first firstthe firstthe firstthe the academy was merely a barken barkentIDe barkentine barkentine tIDe tine The Dobbin Dobbm anchored off offNew offNew offNew New Bedford and later the Chase Chaseat Chaseat Chaseat at Baltimore no move did more to toestablish toestablish toestablish establish the esprit de corps of ofthe ofthe ofthe the coast guard retain and paas paos pans on onltS onits onits ltS its traditions and raise the service serviceto serviceto to the high standards of unity umty that thatlt thatit thatit lt it has achieved today The present presentcoast presentcoast presentcoast coast guard academy at New Lon London London London don Conn compares favorably favorablywith favorablywith favorablywith with Annapolis Annapohs , and/West and West IDd/West IDd andWest / , Pomt Point PomtPolice PointPolice PointPolice Police Duty In Alaska AlaskaMeanwhile AlaskaMeanwhile AlaskaMeanwhile Meanwhile the service was en entrusted entrusted entrusted trusted with neduties new ne\\ ne \ , duties wh Ie le Its Itsold itsold itsold old functions were enlarged with thegrowth the thegrowth thegrowth growth . , of o1 the nation natioji , The acqwsl acquisi acqwsltlon acquisition acquisition tlon tion of o1 Alaska was an Important Importantevent importantevent importantevent event for the coast guard for to It Itwas itwas itwas was given the obligation of enforcmg enforcing entorc enforc ing mg law and order in m the terrItory terrItoryWhen territoryWhen territoryWhen When the Japs invaded the Aleu Aleutlan Aleutian Aleutian tlan tian Islands the decades of experl experi experlence experience expenence ence of the coast guard in the wild wildunpredictable wildunpredictable wildunpredictable unpredictable waters of the Arctic ArcticIS Arcticis IS bearing bearmg frUitIn fruitIn fruit fruitIn In 1915 the coast guard was mergedwith merged mergedwith mergedwith with the life Ide saving savIDg service and for forthe forthe forthe the first time the name COAST COASTGUARD COASTGUARD COASTGUARD GUARD was officially recogmzed recognized recogmzedThe recognizedThe recognizedThe The merger of these two units was wasa wasa wasa a logical development for the cutter cutterand cutterand cutterand and life saving savmg units were both bothbranches bothbranches bothbranches branches of the treasury department departmentand departmentand departmentand and had operated closely for many manyyears manyyears manyyears years The lighthouse division was wasnot wasnot wasnot not made an official member of the thecoast thecoast thecoast coast guard family untll1939 untll1939World until 1939World 1939 1939World World War I found the coast coastguard coastguard coastguard guard as usual ready for anythmg anything anythingA anythmgA A terse presidential message Plan PlanOne PlanOne PlanOne One Acknowledge trans transferred transferred transferred ferred the coast guard ships and andpersonnel andpersonnel andpersonnel personnel into the navy for the dura duratlon duration duration tlon tion Coast guard officers were wereass wereass wereass ass gned to duty at navalstations naval stations stationsand stationsand stationsand and on naval ships throughout the theworld theworld theworld world with many being bemg given com corn command cornmand cornmand mand posts The cutters as usual " 2 ' " .Qr Qr . M9erK"Fa M9erKFa ' " yAiMpplgy y yw w 737a/R"Y 737a R"Y RY 737aR"Y9 / " ' % /9 9 / ' .T T . mm + ww & % t 4"e 4e a ab b r c ci cc cN w yJ , 'r r ' e ' " I i c N " 1 t td tzw d zw zwvl vl vla a , ? 45,41 4541 t ta a ate a d at t T a ax aroA te ted tea teT a x roA roAI roACREtVMEA I CRCWl1Clon CKEWMEN CRCWl\1Cl\ CRCWl 1Cl CREtVMEA \ \ on a coast guard cutter cutler assigned to rescue work in inI inthe inI inthe 1the the Lnglish Lnghsb channel keep anxious watch as they scan the choppy water waters waterfor ! > I for watersfor soldiers who were tossed into the I sea when their thclr invasion invasl"n invasln invaslcn " barge was wassunk wassunk wasunk sunk This flotilla ohlla of cutters saved hundreds of men during the D Day DayperIod Dayperiod Da ) I DayI | period . were placed in convoy .J1nd J1nd end . ? nd escort escorl escortservIce escorlservlce escorllervlcey escorllervlceyThe servIce servlce , The period following the Armllticf Armistice Armisticesaw Armllticflaw Armi tle law saw aw the construction ot of the modern modera moderncoast moderacoast moderncoast coast cuard guard fleet ? New ew Diesel and.team andsteam and andteam .team team steam . team cutters were designed and andbuUt andbuilt andbuilt buUt built Smaller fast patrol boatl boats boatlwere boatswere boatiwere were developed New equipment equipmentwas equipmentwas was installed mnstalled'on mnstalledon Installed'on Installedon " ' ' on shore Ihore stations Air Airpower Airpower Allpower power was made a vital part of tht thtcoast th thcoast < ( coast guard with the construction ofbases 01 of 01bases oibases bases on the Atlantic and Paclftc Pacific PaclftcA PacificA PacificA A fleet tied of planes of the newestlde newesttde newestldesign newesttdesign newest1 design sign were assigned to the service serviceand serviceand serviceand and so 10 coast guard aviation long a acherished acherished acherished cherished dream was a reabt realityWhen reality realityWhen ) " When the country thinks of coasl coast coaslguard coastguard coasiguard guard law enforcement enfofcement it usually usuallyassociates usuallyassociates usuallyassociates associates it with Prohibition ProhIbltonJ ! ] . ) AI Al AIthough Although Although though the coast guard was gIven gIventhe giventhe giventhe the unpopular IJDpopular job of enforcing enforcmg thai that thaiunfortunate thatunfortunate thatunfortunate unfortunate act it managed to make makethe makethe makethe the best of o1 it In fact through Pro Pro- ProhibItion Prohibition - . hibition the coast guard developeda developcda develop-cd develop cd developed - a valuable intelligence mtelligence unit umt whIch whIchtoday whichtoday whichtoday today serves the cause of natIonal natIonaldefense nationaldefense nationaldefense defense as part of the naval intelll intelli intelllgence intelligence intelligence gence But prohibition was only one oneof oneof oneof of the lawenforcmg law enforcing jobs of the theversatIle theversatile theversatile versatIle coast guard The Nar Nan Narcotics Nancotics Narcotlcs cotics Oil 011 Pollution Whaling and andAllen andAlien andAlien Allen Alien Smuggling Smugglmg are just a few of ofthe ofthe olthe the marine marme laws enforced by the na natlon nation nation tlon tion s maritime marltlJDe police forceBut forceBut force forceBut But greatest of alLthe all-the all the allthe - _ hundred hundredfifty hundredfifty hundredfifty fifty four fOllr fogr years of the coast guard guardhistory guardhistory guardhistory history has been this great globalwar global globalwar globalwar war that will rid the world of tyrS tyr S ,5 5 , , 4'k 4k ' 4 ' 2 2w 2a a , w 2 ! , sS sSy y t tr ' r 4 4u 4e u e . . i io iRELAXING o RELAXING with mth a bit of non nonsense nonsense nonsense |
