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Show a He jr THE TIMES-INDEPENDENT, MOAB, UTAH f = Long (Bell Syndicate-WNWU tional Wyoming's 97,914 square Although the route of Lewis and Clark's epic journey took them north of Wyoming, the names of two members of their party are written on the pages of her history. In 1809 John Colter, who left Lewis and Clark during their return journey to St. Louis, became the first white man to gaze upon the marvels of that wonderland which was first called "John Colter's Hell'? and which we now know as Yellowstone National park. Three quarters of a century later an old Indian woman died on the Wind River reservation of her people, the Shoshones, and today a simple monument marks what Wyoming believes (despite counter claims by North and South Dakota) to be the last resting place of Sacajawea, or the ‘‘Bird Woman," the heroic Indian girl who guided Lewis and Clark across the Shining mountains. ' Long before Lewis en aoe aie tory. The Oregon Trail. For the wagon trains of Oregon-bound homeseekers or California gold hunters began streaming westward and one of America's most historic highways, the Oregon Trail, wound across Wyoming from its eastern border to its western. Across it also wound the Salt Lake Trail, over which hurried the Mormons on their way to the Promised Land in Utah, and the Overland Trail, which echoed to the rumblings of the Concord stagecoaches and the hurrying hoofs of the Pony Express. The building of such sentinel posts as historic Fort Laramie and Fort Bridger to guard the traffic over these trails held in check for a little while the hostile red men. But when the ‘Union Pacific began to push westward and forts were built along the Bozeman Trail to guard the goldseekers, hurrying to the new diggings in Montana, the Sioux and Cheyennes girded their naked red loins for a last stand against the invaders. The result was "Red Cloud's War." Although the Treaty of 1868, signed at Fort Laramie, was a victory for Red Cloud, in that the government agreed to abandon the posts along the Bozeman Trail, it was far from being complete. For the Union Pacific continued to push westward and when, in May, 1869, the "Golden Spike'"' was driven at Promontory Point in Utah, the hammers which drove it home sounded the death knell of Indian domination in Wyoming. True, the Sioux and Cheyennes would fight another war in 1876-77, but the final result perhaps, than to any other single factor. And, paradoxically, he wasn't a Westerner at all. He was an Easterner, a ‘‘tenderfoot." was a foregone conclusion-the conquest of the red man and the seizure of his lands by the whites. The Day of the Cattleman. After the Indian wars were over came one of the most glam- orous periods in Wyoming's history-the day of the cattleman. Brief though it was, it lasted long enough to make the name of Wyoming synonymous with the word *‘cowboy,'' that picturesque American figure whose jingling spurs still echo in the American consciousness even though the era of the ‘‘open range'' is long since past. For the day of the cattleman came to a climax and an end in 1892-with the famous ‘‘Johnson County War,'' or the ‘Rustler War,"' a fight between the cattle barons and the small ranchmen. It not only ended the reign of the barons but it also foreshadowed the coming of sheepmen, who began to crowd upon and spoil the cattle ranges, the ‘‘nester'' or small farmer, and finally the ‘dude rancher'' of today. Such, in brief outline, is the thrilling history of the state of Wyoming. But there is another fact in her history which makes her unique among the sisterhood of states. It is suggested by the and Clark, Wyoming had been visited by explorers of another nation - the Frenchman, Sieur de la Verendrye, and his sons who were searching for good sites to establish posts for trading with the Indians. That was in 1743 and soon afterwards France lost to England in the struggle to dominate North America. So it fell to the lot of a new breed of men to exploit Wyoming's riches in furs-the American trapper and fur trader. The late 1820s and the 1830s saw the full flowering of the fur trade and wrote on Wyoming's pages the names of such men as Gen. William H. Ashley, Jedediah Smith, Jim Beckwourth, Manuel Lisa, Jim Bridger, Thomas Fitzpatrick, the Sublettes, Baptiste Brown, Kit Carson and a host of other giants in buckskin. Then, almost before the day of the trapper and trader had dawned, the sun went down on this dramatic chapter in American his- ede The Old Occidental hotel in Buffalo, Wyo., said to have been the of the encounter between "The Virginian' and his enemy, "Trampas,"' in Owen Wister's novel. scene central figure of a woman in the new stamp with the legend "Equal Rights'' above her head. When congress, in 1868, created the Territory of Wyoming from parts of Dakota, Utah and Idaho, one of the first acts of the territorial legislature was to pass a bill granting women the right to vote. Two years later the new territory did an even more unheardof thing. In March, 1870, when the grand jury for the regular term of the court of the First Judicial district at Laramie was drawn, there appeared on the panel the names of the first women to be summoned to act as common law jurors anywhere in the world. Miss Eliza Stewart, a school teacher, had the distinction of heading the list of eight women whose names were drawn and who served on the jury. They were Nelly Hagen, Mary Wilcox, Retta Burnham, Mary Flynn, Mrs. I. M. Hartsough, Lizzie A. Spooner, and Jenny Ivinson. Appointed as a bailiff was another woman, Martha Boies. News of this startling innovation in the conduct of public affairs spread all over the world and King William of Prussia, who seems to have been something of a feminist, cabled President U. S. Grant his enthusiastic congratulations. Reporters and cartoonists swarmed to Laramie and pictured the women jurors as masculine creatures with bawling babies in their arms. Some unknown poet celebrated the event in a deathless couplet: ""Baby, baby, don't get in a fury; Your mama's gone to sit on the jury."' But for all the ridicule, the women jurors proved to be a success. They not only served on a jury, but they indicted a murderer and convicted him! If the majority of Americans think of Wyoming in terms of cowboys, bucking broncos, ridin' and ropin' and roundups, credit for that fact is due more to one man, A Tenderfoot Goes West. Owen Wister was his name and he was born in Philadelphia just 80 years ago-on July 14, 1860. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt while a student at Harvard, he planned a career in music and was well on the way to success in it abroad when the insistence of his father resulted in his returning to Harvard to study law. His health broke before he was well started and, as Roosevelt had done, he went West to recuperate. That was in the middle eighties, and he lived in Arizona and Wyoming and learned to love the West. He returned to it each spring and in 1891, upon his return from a summer in Wyoming, wrote two stories about the country and its people, ‘‘Hank's Woman" and ‘‘How Lin McLean Went West,'"' both of which appeared in Harper's Magazine. He continued writing Western stories and in 1896 the first group of his tales were gathered in a volume called ‘‘Red Men and White.'"' A second volume, ‘‘Lin McLean,'"' came out two years later. Thus far Wister's work had been accepted by critics as authentic portrayals of life in the West but it had not enjoyed any particular popular success. Then in 1902 his novel ‘‘The Virginian'' appeared. The book became a best seller in a day when historical novels were especially popular and it continues to sell even today. At the time of Wister's death in 1938 it was announced that the total sales of ‘‘The Virginian" had passed the 1,500,000 mark, a distinction which few American novels have ever attained. Soon after ‘‘The Virginian'' was published it was dramatized and, with Dustin Farnum playing the role of the hero, Frank Campeau as Trampas and Guy Bates Post as Steve, it was a ‘‘best seller' for six months. Afterwards it ran "fon the road'' for 10 years, is still played by stock companies, has been made into a movie no less than three times and has been translated into foreign languages. Since Wyoming was the scene of the story of ‘‘The Virginian'' and its cowpuncher-hero was a glamorous, romantic figure, it is easy to understand why America thinks of that commonwealth which is celebrating its fiftieth year as a state this year, in terms of the cowboy. Another reason is indicated in the preface to one of Wister's later books- "‘Members of the Family,' published in 1911. In it he says: Wyoming burst upon the tenderfoot resplendent, like all the story-books, like Cooper and Irving and Parkman come true again; here, actually going on, was that something which the boy runs away from school to find, that land safe and far from Monday morning, nine o'clock, and the spelling-book; here was Saturday eternal, where you slept out-of-doors, hunted big animals, rode a horse, roped steers, and wore deadly weapons. Make no mistake: fire-arms were at times practical and imperative, but this was not the whole reason for sporting them on your hip; you had escaped from civilization's schoolroom, an air never breathed before filled had of a democracy missed. The with truth of certain which that the East quotation- reservations as to ‘"‘wearing deadly weapons,'' perhaps-is immediately apparent to anyone who has ever spent a vacation on a modern Wyoming dude ranch. And for the thousands of Americans who have driven across Wyoming the truth of this quotation from the preface of "The Virginian" is also apparent: The ing, mountains and the are there, sunlight, and far and the shin- infinite earth, and the air that seems forever the true fountain of youth-but where is and the buffalo, and the wild antelope, where the horseman with his pasturing thousands? So :ike its old self does the sage-brush seem when revisited, that you wait for the horseman to appear. But he will never come again. He rides in his historic yesterday. You will no more see him gallop out of the unchanging silence than you will see Columbus on the unchanging sea come sai]. ing from Palos with his caravels, oe Ss = If you think you'd like to be a motion picture producer, pause and consider what happened at the Paramount studio recently when Joel McCrea withdrew from the cast of "Arise My Love" because of ill health. (1) Because of McCrea's withdrawal, Ray Milland was Our girls of 18 and our boys of 21 are bound to fall in love. plucked from the cast ef ‘‘Virginia"' to take the McCrea assignment, By KATHLEEN NORRIS op- , JOEL McCREA posite Claudette Colbert. (2) That meant that ~‘‘Virginia'' wouldn't start on time. (3) That meant that Franchot Tone, who was to have costarred in ‘‘Virginia," had to withdraw from the cast, because he had another commitment, and could appear in ‘‘Virginia'' only if it started on schedule. (4) That meant that Fred McMurray stepped into the role for which Milland had been scheduled, playing opposite Madeleine Carroll, but (5) She flew to England recently; at the moment of writing there's no telling when she'll be back. ee Dorothy Lamour traded a $10;000,000 (according to her studio) head of hair for 30 cents' worth of calico, and it wasn't just a stunt in a movie scenario either. Seems she's been wanting to bob those 40-inch tresses, which played quite a part in establishing her as a draw at the boxoffice. The studio wanted her to make some more pictures in which she wore a sarong, and she was determined not to. So both sides gave in;, she had her hair bobbed by Wally Westmore, head of the makeup department (and cried a little, as most girls do when they hear that first snip of the shears) and consented to do three South Seas pictures - "Moon Over Burma,"' "‘Aloma of the South Seas,'' with Jon Hall, and ‘South of Samoa," with Bing Crosby. -K- A custom has been initiated during the rehearsals of the Rudy Vallee show to mark the scripts with asterisks to denote the laugh al- lowed. The reason for thi§ is to clock for timing when the show is actually broadcast. Four asterisks are tops in laugh pauses. The other night someone in the cast asked scriptwriter Sid Fields what it meant to see five asterisks instead of the customary four. Replied Fields, "Then you know that you have the Fred Allen script by mistake.'' your lungs, and you were become one large shout of joy. College-boy, farm-boy, street-boy, this West melted you all down to the same first principles. Were you seeking fortune. Perhaps, incidentally, but money was not the point; you had escaped from school. This holiday was leavened by hard bodily work, manly deeds and the bright brave ripple moved the ground-swell of tragedy. Something of a promise, also, was in the air, promise Douglas made preparations to be in Chicago July 15 for the big conclave. But he temporarily forgot that he is also an actor, involved in the new Columbia comedy, ‘‘He Stayed for Breakfast."' Alexander Hall, the director, is making every effort to hurry things along, and is making all the scenes with Douglas first. a a St EEE "Of course I can always be represented by proxy,' he said the other day. ‘"‘But a chance like this comes only every four years, and I'd hate to miss it."' But the fact that miles. SEESB honor. ea eight years. convention, Melvyn Douglas wonders if he will be able to enjoy the veritable flood of ‘‘commemoratives' during the last this stamp is being issued in connection with the 50th anniversary of the admission of Wyoming to the sisterhood of states gives it more than merely local or regional interest. To Americans the name ‘‘Wyoming'' means a variety of things. To a majority of us it symbolizes, perhaps more than the name of any other state, the ‘"‘Wild West,"' and rightly so. For it is doubtful if any other state west of the Mississippi has been the scene of more acts in the drama of the "Winning of the West" than have been staged within political ig 7x When you see the Bing Crosby picture, ‘Rhythm on the River,'' you may be surprised to find that Ken Carpenter, Bing's announcer and chime ringer on the air, plays a radio announcer named "Ken Carpenter." It's the result of an accident. Scenarists had given Carpenter another name in the picture, but John Scott Trotter, who's Bing's broadcast band leader and plays a band leader in the picture, made a long film take in which he called Carpenter by his real name. It was simpler to change the name than to do the scene over again. Arthur Lake's desire for realism on the ‘‘Blondie'"' radio show nearly disrupted the program recentl y. In one scene he had to fall down, with the proper accompanying sound effects; usually that just means that the sound man makes the noises. But Arthur insisted on doing his own fall. The show was on for the eastern broadcast. Arthur fell wrong, the script flew in all directions, and Penny Singleton had to rush over with her script and let Arthur read his Part from it until his script had been reassembled. ‘ODAY'S paper has the story of a boy of 21 and a girl of 19 who couldn't afford to get married and so decided to die. The boy couldn't earn enough to support a wife and the girl had to Help out at home, where she had an invalided father, a hard-working mother and a small brother. The sympathetic press adds that: ‘‘Here is one more tragedy of youth caught in today's tide of no job and no future."' If this girl and boy were the only selfish young couple who took this course they mightn't be worth noticing. But there is a lot of this sort of thing. There is a lot of self-pity in youngsters who have caught up the modern jargon about conditions in America, and who use it to disguise weakness and inefficiency. There are ALWAYS more than 40,000,000 jobs in America, and to say: "I can't get a job,'? means that there are 40,000,000 persons in the land who can do what you can't do. ; But that doesn't mean that in any land under any conditions a boy of 21 can be started off at employment that will support a wife. And that doesn't mean that a girl whose $30 contribution to the home finances is badly needed is free to get married; free to start off with her boy husband on his $18 a week, and have him, burdened and worried and exhausted, lose even that job in a few years, when her second big, fat, hungry, exacting baby is four months old. Flaming Youth. When our girls of 18 and our boys of 21 fall in love the immediate question of everyone concerned is: "And when is the wedding to be?'' And the sooner it is the better satisfied are both. They are burning up with young passion; their first and foremost consideration is physical possession of each other, her and while family modest commits borrows money wedding, the boy for a rashly himself to a long lease on an adorable bungalow. Into it they ecstatically scramble, equally enchanted with the little rose-bowl her chum gave her, and the electric refrigerator for which they have to pay $11 a month. It is all such fun! Kisses and laughter season the burned omelette and the watery coffee; on Saturday and Sunday nights the college crowd come in, and smashed crackers and stepped-on cheese and sticky glasses and over-loaded ash-trays litter all four of the pretty little modern rooms. Baby Brings Care, Worry. But if a baby arrives at once, then suddenly all glamour disappears. Marge and Rob, if they are sweet-natured, fine persons, may still love each other. But it now becomes an anxious, a wearied love. The baby is a darling, but the baby's presence means that the old, young good times are forever over. Milk for the baby. Someone to sit with the baby. Bills. Worries over the baby's fever. Wakeful nights when the baby cries. And when Joe Smith and Mildred stop at the door with a car, on a broiling hot Sunday, with talk of the beach, and barbecue sandwiches, Marge and Rob of | course can't go. "TI couldn't leave the baby in the car, Mil." "No, poor I suppose you couldn't, thing, you!'' No Babies-Headache you Too. Off go Joe and Mildred, and Rob and Marge turn back to the morning papers again. No hurry about beds or breakfast dishes. Now while the baby is asleep they can take it easy. Nothing to do all day. If there are no babies, curiously enough, the situation is worse. It doesn't seem so, at first. Marge's mother says firmly: ‘‘No babies until you can afford them,'' and Rob's mother warns him that a baby would be a calamity. They are free to go about with the old crowd, insofar as they are able to afford it, and Marge has nothing to do when the simple housework is over but to shop, have her hair done, fix flowers in vases. , But shopping is expensive, lunches downtown with the girls cost money, beauty parlors are ruinous to budgets. Marge sees frocks and hats she wants, and kitchen ware and a gorgeous bridge lamp. Also she hears the girls talking of the winter sports that week-end. Everyone is to give Connie $10 and Con and Fred will manage everything. Ten dollars, with Rob's whole salary only seven times that every month! Nature's Protective The pinafore has pockets for ming and for trophies. 4 Take a look, mothers, em pinafore spréad out in the" sketch, and you'll see how af ly easy it is to make, and a good thing because this pla is so attractive and practica, you'll want your little girl te three or four made just like Gingham, Plan. taster, their ning, make fresh delight. pleted chart man has marriage years. periods CIRCLE 149 New Enclose Pattern 15 1 Name PATTERN D Montgomery Ave. *hy San Francisco - cents RAR in RH Sr : Cor 9 coins for Size....ssitlan cies. evcccccsccccce oovooe alk AGGress' -.cicceGes o Sencuaan oo ce ceed DOT : at ; bat : + i Woy a c AVA ll ( me , . e 1 REE! 3 cincus CUrOUTS eal . a Rad fy tthe African Pigmies The stature of Akka tribe of African pigmies seldom extly; 4 feet 10 inches. ‘a; Salt Lake's NEWEST H Opposite Mormon Temple HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Rates $1.50 to $3.00 | It's a mark of distinction to sto dy at this beautiful ERNEST com- of less than three in pattern. Send order to: SEWING memories of long planevery hour together a The included ruffling. Lneir community of his professional traini ng. The girl has discha rged to the full her duty to her own people . They are aman anda woman, this husband and wife, not a pair of passionate children. Statistics seem to indicate that one of our national dangers now is the young divorce. More than half our divorces are of persons under 24, and two-thirds of those after gabaraaa Pattern No. 8721 is designe! sizes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years, #4! requires 3% yards of 35-incRM terial for the ensemble; 4% #™ So what about the long engagement? In Italy and Germany and France, and England seven and eight and even ten years are not supposed to be too long for a man and a woman to maintain a dignified friendship before conditions permit them to marry. Certainly five years would not be too long. They must learn to control themselves in many ways if they are to be happily married; control extravagance, laziness, temper, selfishness, over-indulgence. Why not practice self-control in the most important matter of sex? Sex Self-Control Essential. Thousands of fine men and women achieve continence even in marria ge for one reason or another; thousands of happily married folk, efficient and successful in their lives, know that that one thing will be always denied them. Why all this hullaballoo about the childre n not being able to wait? Of course they're to wait, able if they're properly trained to respect themsel ves and each other, and to regard marriage as a state some day to be entered upon with reverence, with an increased appreciation of its high privileges and an increased sense of its responsibilities, To those who wait, who study the duties and cares of Marriage sgeriously, who develop a fine and deeprooted friendship and a congeniality of taste while waiting, marriage comes as an almost mirac ulous conSummation of hope and desire and love. The long-anticipated home is a sacred place. percale, chambray are sturdy, sunfas'™ tons for this. Step-by-step™ And the childless young marriage has an even deeper and much more serious handicap. It is this. The marital relation is a fragile and sacred thing; its physical aspects inseparable from the more subtle elements of mind and soul. Uncontrolled mating would destroy even animals, and animals are protected from it by Nature herself. Mating seasons are interrupted by the long periods of bearing and rearing the young. When human beings interrupt this process, passion, here called love, soon burns itself out. The immature boy and girl, never trained for life at all, not developed in resources and interests and character, tire of each other, and the emotion that should extend itself through long and beautiful years, that should be only a part of a thousand other ‘balanced elements in married life, is destroyed. C., hostel j ROSSITER, Mer. $9000000000000000008, ¢ forth out of our eyes! All three, have frills in just the right) All three are completely ef, jo able, and cute as dimpled') ge =e Union.) time. Now, there's nothing especially remarkable about this, for the Post Office de- sent Service.) HE first actor in Hollywood history ever to be elected a delegate to a na- postage stamp is being placed on sale for the first has pets play out in the sunshine, in an air-cong pinafore, with panties for gf ety and a bonnet to keep {, By VIRGINIA VALE (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) N JULY 10 a new United States commemorative partment Their Too 0600860800%6 Newspaper Have . Cool, Airy Outl For Outdoor ©9000 () by Western Engagements Advantages, By, ELMO SCOTT WATSON (Released 3 Kathleen Norris Says: Wyoming Looks Back Upon Its Fifty Years As a State: It Has the Distinction of Being First to Give the Women a Vote ¢ as TEACHING A CHILD VALUE OF PENNIES«: A child of a wise mother will b taught from early childhood to DEN) come a sequien reader of the adver sements. In that way better perhap than in any other can the child t taught the great value of penniesand," the permanent benefit which com from making every penny cout hig dit ©000¢000000000000080 '; |