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Show FRIDAY, OCTOBER THE SUGAR HOUSE BULLETIN 15, 1937 Calico, Silk, Caihmere Names From Other Lands Many of our names for cloth come to us from the Orient, observes a writer in the Kansas City Star. Calico is from Calicut, India, the city from which it was first imported. Doubtless at first the term used was Calicut cloth, but phrases often shrink in usage, and calico was an easy evolution. Madras, also in India, gave us the cloth which bears Its name. This was first made from silk and cotton, but the name is applied to the same weave in cotton also, a fabric which is much used for mens shirts. Damask is from Damascus, noted long ago for its fine steel blades and for its silks. Damask is characterized by woven designs which represent flowers or conventional figures. It was origin nally made of silk, but the same name was later applied to the same weave in silk, cotton, rayon or wool used for hangings and upholsteries, and to linen woven for table napery and towels. The word silk we should expect to be associated with China, and it is but the name has come to us in a n roundabout way. The was seoloc, from the Latin sericum, from Greek serikon, literally Seric stuff, from Seres, the Greek name for the Chinese. Cashmere comes from the name of a city in Tibet. From a close inner wool of the Cashmere goats were woven a fiift dress fabric and beautiful shawls. Muslin comes from Mawsil, in Mesopotamia, the city where it was first made. Nankeen got its name from the Chinese city, Nanking. y is an old English name from linsel, linen, and wolsye, wool. Many woolen fabrics bear English names, such as melton, from a town of that name in Leicestershire, and worsted, from a town in Norfolk. Broadcloth was so called because this fine fabric was woven wider than ordinary woolens. Flannel is a word of doubtful origin, but is found in similar form in French, Spanish and the Scandinavian tongues. Linen is an word derived from lin, the old word for flax. It is rather odd that we never call flax lin, but seldom say flaxseed and nearly always say, linseed oil Anglo-Saxo- Linsey-woolse- Mammoth Cave Described by London Magazine Man Numerous Names for the Friendly Black Cherry The wild black cherry has quite a few dames which reveal that it is apsort of a friendly the and the farmer by preciated 7A Mammoth cave is described by a as follows: writer in London Mammoth cave, largest in1 the world, is situated in Kentucky. It has five levels, and included in its explored portions are 225 avenues, more than 150 miles of which have been charted; 47 domes, 23 pits, 8 cataracts, 3 rivers, 2 lakes and 1 sea. It is estimated that the actual space worked out of the limestone embraces 12,000,000 cubic yards. The main cave is three miles long, varying in width from 40 to 125 feet. Its greatest enlargement, however, is the Chief City or Temple, an oval room 541 feet long, 287 feet wide, and 125 feet high. Here in days gone by the Indians either lived or else used it as a rendezvous, for many relics have been Tit-Bi- lumberman. Among the names for this tree, observes a writer in the Chicago Tribune, is cabinet cherry, which tells how valuable the wood of the tree is in making furniture. Then there is the intriguing name of rum cherry. The wild cherry tree is a familiar figure in the woods. It is apt to give you the impression of being a rather unconventional tree compared to the dignified manner assumed by the oaks. It isnt parabout discriminating ticularly where it grows. Then, too, it is The unconventional in contour. trunk is apt to be crooked and the foliage is thin and drooping. y The cherry tree', most anywhere in the growing woods, along the fences or wherever it may take seed, looks much like a character that has tried hard to be correct in every detail. But apparently it has been too much trouble to be precise and stand formal and reserved like an oak. Although the useful wild black cherry tree may not impress you as you look over the landscape and see it in comparison to the stately elms and the big oaks, it really Joins the elite among trees when you consider its wood. It is close grained, takes a fine polish and has been used much to imitate mahogany and for making furniture. But its usefulness doesn't end there by any means. The bark of this rugged old species is used in medicine since it contains an ingredient of tonic ts Exclusive Line Order now while our DIRECT Stoc is Complete. PRICES PRINTER-TO-YO- U found. Mammoth cave abounds in wonderful domes, pits and grottos, each bearing a special name, such as Clevelands Cabinet, the Star Chamber, Bottomless Pit, Mammoth Dame, Gorins Dome, the Maelstrom, and so on. These domes are adorned with natural decorations of crystals formed into fanOval depressions tastic shapes. known locally as sink holes," drain the pits and chasms, forming subterranean lakes and rivers, the largest of which is Echo river, so called from the remarkable reverberations heard along its course. The waters abound in several species of eyeless fish. Other inhabitants of the cave are blind crawfish, flies, beetles and spiders. Strange to say, the air is chemically and optically pure, even in the deepest pits, and the temperature is about 54 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the year. happy-go-luck- The Indian Chief Powhatan was j- contrariness pervades all our sensations, according to Dr. James J. Gibson, Smith college psychologist, as reported in the Philadelphia Record. Most of us are acquainted with one illustration of this. When the eyes look at a blue card for a long time, they develop the desire to see the opposite color yellow. So a deep blue appears less blue, a weak blue appears gray, gray appears yellow, and yellow appears more yellow. Dr. Gibson reports in the Psychological Review that he found a similar reaction where colors aren't involved. Examples: Look fixedly for about five minutes at a slant line. Then look at a vertical line and it will seem to slant about two or three degrees. With your eyes blindfolded, have some one draw a rough belt across your arm, then suddenly stop it. For a moment the belt will seem to have begun to move backward. The biological explanation? Dr. Gibson suggests what we have here is a miniature version of the age-ol-d process of adaptation to environment. We tend to become used to any persisting condition such as slant in lines. That becomes our normal. Now when we see a vertical line which is ordinarily our normal it appears abnormal or askew. A queer the father of Pocahontas, and his Anglo-Saxo- n Old-Fashion- ed ed h, Jule Plant in India India is the only place the jute plant has been successfully raised. Experimenters tried it in Florida, but the fiber wasn't up to snuff, says a writer in the Washington Post. Al- though huge machines finish the process of changing a plant into rope and so forth, native hand labor plays a big part. Stripping jute fiber from the stalks is a job for husky natives. They clutch handfuls of in slender stalks, stand waist-dee- p streams and flay the water until the strands are loose. rope-lik- e n, - Las Vegas, Nev. Waters of Lake Mead, slowly piling up behind Boulder dam, are wiping out an industry which thrived as far back as FEW GREAT RIVERS The old St. Thomas salt mine, with its mountain of salt 300 feet high, said by scientists to have been worked by Pueblo Indians as early as the start of the Fifth century, is beginning to disappear. Eaten away e by the lake, residents are wondering if the great pile of salt will contaminate the waters to any extent. Several years ago the ancient salt mine attracted scientists from afar when evidences were discovered that man, in the dawn of history, had engaged in industry there. Digging tools, fashioned from rocks tied together with leather thongs, were dug up. They proved, enid archeologists, that the mine was the base of one of the principal workings of the Pueblo Indians who inhabited the territory about 500 A. D. until about 1200 A. D. The more modem history of the mine started in our own early western days when the first pf the family, emigrating from Switzerland, settled in the St. Thomas section and became influential in its development. There the Bonellis, according to old timers, organized the Virgin River Salt company and operated the mine and a salt mill for many years. Finally, the Virgin River company died and the mine was worked intermittently by various residents of the area. During the last few years thousands of tons of salt have been taken out. The old mine lies at the base of the salt mountain, but already the rising waters of Lake Mead have covered the road over which millions of tons have been hauled through 14 centuries, and today the ancient workings are isolated, approachable only by boat. man-mad- Bo-nel-li Sailor Is Safest on His San Pedro, Calif. Medical authorities of the navy are unanimous in declaring that the safest place for a sailor is on board his ship instead of on land on shore leave. The tendency of sailors to take spins on motorcycles when ashore has caused more fatalities than the guns of enemy ships in several , past wars. Latest statistics just completed by the fleet's medical authorities show that for a number of years approximately 30 per cent of the deaths in the navy have been caused by motor vehicle accidents. Ten per cent are due to drowning, but even half of these occur when the sailors are ashore swimming at beaches instead of swimming about their respective ships under rigid surveillance. Disease accounts for 50 per cent of the deaths in the fleet. While medical authorities find that every year the sick bay loss in the navy is being slowly decreased, nevertheless they find that deaths due to disease are decreasing more rapidly than those due to motor vehicle accidents. The number of accidents due to purely ship activities in the fleet is exceedingly low. The fleet also has been able, the report said, to reduce annually the number of deaths due to aviation and the handling of high explosives. Belva A. Lockwood, who headed the ticket of the Equal Rights party in 1884 and again in 1888, was not the first woman nominated for the presidency of the United States. That honor belongs to Mrs. Victor Claflin Woodhull, who in 1872 was nominated for the presidency at Vineland, N. J., by a convention styling itself the Equal Rights party. Frederick Douglass, the negro reformer, was the candidate for vice president. The campaigns of these two women amounted chiefly to suffrage propaganda, since neither could have held the office had they been elected, asserts a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Mrs. Lockwood, lawyer and reformer, was born in 1830, at Royal-toN. Y. She was educated at Genesee college, Lima, N. Y., and taught school for eleven years. Then n Strike in Lion she studied law and was admitted to before the Supreme court, practice Cage Wins for Trainer under a law which she had been inSydney, N. S. W. Captain Flager, strumental in getting passed. Born Belva Ann Dennett, she was trainer, brought his n married in 1848 to Uriah II. McNall, boss to terms by means of a strike in a lions cage. He who died five years later, and in refusei to obey sn onion. Jo act 1868 to Dr. Ezekiel Lockwood. She .. jtfied in 1917, .. Sit-Dow- wild-anim- al sit-dow- Europe has its own floods, which in the past Densely-populate- FREE FROM FLOODS 500 A. D. Vesselv Navy Discovers The Roman Gladiators At first prisoners, slaves or condemned criminals were used to afford entertainment for the citizens of Rome by feats of swordsmanship, wrestling and other contests of strength. Afterwards free men fought in the arena and so popular did the exhibition of skill and strength become that persons of senatorial rank, and even women, enrolled in the gladiator class. At one show given by the Emperor Trajan, 5,000 gladiators were employed at one time. n, Wrote Aliee In Wonderland The author of "Alice in Wonderland was Charles Lutw'idge Dodg-soa young cleric and mathematician, who invented the fantasy in 1862 to please the children of his friend, George Liddell. At their insistence, he continued the incredible adventures of Alice and three years iter published them under the tame of Lewis Carroll. 2044 P South 1 1 East Hy. 364 How Abnormal Object Is Made to Appear Normal Indian Chief Powhatan Scared by the English original name was Wahinsonacock, notes a writer in the Indianapolis News. He was one of the most powerful sachems connected with the early history of the United States. His rule covered most of the territory now embraced within the states of Maryland and Virginia. He had residences in different parts of his country and changed his abode at different seasons of the year. At Remedies the time of his first acquaintance Favored by the Japanese with the English in 1607 he was The Japanese boast of the most about sixty years of age. fantastic medicines, and the country He was tall and folk go in for cures which, to a capable of enduring great fatigue. European, would seem a good deal He showed his friendliness to the worse than the disease, notes a writEnglish by sending them much er in Pearson's London Weekly. needed articles of food. However, cure for fever conA widely-use- d the conduct of the English was so sists of placing a poultice of earthand often so unjust that worms on the patient's stomach, bethey were continually in trouble cause Japanese believe that this with him. Two or three times he will draw the fever out. planned war against the English, Anyone suffering from a sty or but without result. At one time an other eye trouble is advised to lie accident occurred which had a great down and sprinkle salt on the stomeffect on him. Some of his men ach. Burned clay, raked out of old had obtained powder from the Engcooking stoves, is another cure-al- l. lish and were experimenting with it Eaten slowly, it is supposed to banwhen a powerful explosion took ish any kind of sickness. place, killing several. This so greatThe effects of eating too many ly increased Powhatan's reverence oysters are supposed to be removed for the English, or fear of them, by eating powdered oyster shell, and that he sought peace and sent to the this cure is also widely used for in- colony nearly half his crop of corn. On the death of Powhatan, at an digestion and similar ailments. Heartburn not the indigestion kind, advanced age, his brother, Opechan-canougsucceeded to the throne, but that which comes from blighted affections can be soothed by eat- in accordance with the custom by which a brother took precedence ing a few toads. treatover a son as heir of the kingdom. But the most widely-use- d ment consists of sticking pins into ones anatomy. According to the Circus Giants Die Young Japanese way of thinking, there are more than 300 different parts of the There are two kinds of tall men. body into which a pin can be stuck, The first kind is a normal individual each part being the location of a dif- who is tall because of inherited factors received from tall parents or ferent disease. more remote ancestors. The second Babies, however, are not considered strong enough to withstand kind includes those whose normal these cures, so the Japanese mother pattern would be of medium height, deceives the germs of disease by but who, because of some upset of hanging a notice outside the house me glandular system, develops very informing all germs that the baby is long legs and other bone abnormalities. The tallest men are included not at home. in the second type, which is well known to the public as the circus The Knout, a Ileavy Whip giant. Record of seven men whose The knout was the official instruheight ranged from 7 feet 6 inches ment of punishment formerly used to 8 feet 7 inches were secured and in Russia, consisting of a heavy it was found their average age at years. The whip of leather thongs artificially death was thirty-fou- r and the hardened, twisted with wire and oldest lived to forty-fiv- e sometimes hooked at the ends. One youngest to twenty-nin- e years. The hundred strokes were considered mortality data of 20,000 men rangequivalent to a sentence of death as ing from 0 feet 2 inches to 7 feet 1 the victim seldom survived. On ac- inch obtained from records were count of the severity of the punexamined and it was found that the ishment Nicholas I issued an order tall men had a practically normal substituting punishment with a mortality for their age. lighter whip of three thongs known as pleti. The Base for Paint Paint generally is composed of a fArobo1a, Central American Wood base, a vehicle and a drier. The Cocobola is a Central American base Is the chief ingredient of the wood that has been used in the cutpaint, and may be one or a com50 more for than trade lery years. bination of several different comIn appearance it is one of the most pounds, such as white lead, zinc striking of woods, with peculiar lead, zinc white, red lead, iron oxshades of red and orange shot ide, and others. When the desired through with bands of Jet black. It color is not obtained by the use of is extremely hard and heavy, and bases, additional coloring pigments, being more oily than most of the such as chrome green, Prussian rosewood group, to which it is re- blue and the like, may be incorpolated, is so difficult to glue that it rated. The vehicle is the liquid poris not used to any extent for fur- tion of the paint, which gives it its niture except novelty pieces. covering quality; the commonest is linseed oil. Muskmelon and Cantaloupe Many persons are puzzled by the names muskmelon and cantaloupe. Horticulture states that the term muskmelon is the proper one to apply. The cantaloupe is really a small melon used for forcing in European greenhouses. This name, however, has come to be used in the trade for certain kinds of melons. It is purely a trade name and is given to what is actually a muskmelon. of Beautiful China Worst Sufferer From Swollen Streams. Washington, D. C The floods on the mighty Mississippi and its tributaries are only the latest of countless freshets that have rolled down the rivers of the world since a Mesopotamian flood about 4000 B. C. gave rise to the Biblical story of Noah and the Ark. From the frigid waters of the Lena in Siberia, where natives build houses on stilts to escape the spring rise of the stream, to the lush jungles of the Amazon, visitafloods are an tion," says the National Geographic society. In the tropics, periodic rainy seasons send murky freshets to overflow the banks of jungle streams. In the Far North, the mouths of rivers flowing into the Arctic ocean stay frozen after the upper reaches have thawed, damming up the water until warm weather finally releases die pent-u- p torrent. Other rivers lew quietly for years, only to flood suddenly when unusual rains fill their headwaters and tributaries to overfar-aw- ay ever-recurri- ng awing. Perhaps China holds the unwelcome championship for floods that periodically produce greatest human suffering. The Hwang-h- o, 'Chinas sorrow, not only often overflows its banks, but even changes its course at intervals. One of its floods, in 1887, is estimated to have caused the death of 900,000 people. Its channel last shifted in 1852, entering the sea 165 miles north of its former mouth, and bringing death and huge economic loss to thousands who lived in the new territory invaded by the river. 100,008 Lives Lost. The Yangtze, farther south, in 1911 inundated a vast area in which it was calculated that 100,000 Chinese lost their lives and 3,750,000 were rendered homeless. By contrast the St. Lawrence in North America, draining an area far exceeding that served by the is almost a floodless rivHwang-her. The Great Lakes, really a part of the St. Lawrence watershed, and the rivers own large lakelike expanses, impound the water and allow it to flow gently to the sea. Only during an occasional spring ice jam is there high water on the St. Lawrence. The floods of the Nile, famous almost since the beginning of written history, are a blessing to the Egyptian farmer, fertilizing his fields free of charge. But the blessing is not entirely unmixed, for on occasion the benevolent Nile has risen high eno.'fh to flood the streets of Cairo. Like the Nile, the Indus, draining a large part of northern India, floods each spring and deposits silt to enrich millions of acres of farm land. When a sudden warm spell melts snows in the Himalayas too quickly, however, the Indus becomes a destroyer. Its floods have been known to sweep whole villages away, strip the soil from thousands of acres and change the course, of the stream. In the jungles of the Amazon of watershed, draining S South America, some of the worlds greatest floods roll down to the sea, little noticed because, unlike the situation along the Mississippi, there is not yet a vast population living close to the river. o, two-fift- hs d' have done serious damage. The Po, northern Italys largest stream, has been held in check by dikes since Roman times, and 3,000,000 square miles of the plains of Lombardy are now so protected from its overflow. Despite this protection disastrous floods often have swept the fertile country along its banks. In northern Russia, in 1824, a disastrous flood of the Neva took the lives of 10,000 people in St. Petersburg (now Leningrad) and Kronstadt. In. 1840. jn France, floods Road to Imagination "A man dot's alius thinkin bout hisself, said Uncle Eben, is sure to Imagine he bas a heap mo on his mind dan dar actually is. Ratio of the I. Q.'s are usually considered to Q.s from 50 to 70. Imbeciles Morons have I. rate at between range from 0 to 20 to 50, 20. while idiots Established Week and Day The week of seven days and the day of 24 hours were measured and established by the ancient Babylonians. Average American Pays $2.50 a Week for Food Washington. The average Ameri-ica- n family spends about $2.50 a week a person for food, according to a survey by the bureau of home economics of the Department of Agriculture. The weekly food bill ranged from 65 cents to $7 a person last year among 20.000 families surveyed in all parts of the United States, the bureau reported. New England families tend to spend more money for food than families in other regions, the survey showed. Southeastern families, largely because of the number of negroes, spend the least. Pacific coast food budgets are more likely to provide adequate diets than in other regions of the country, largely because of lower food costs, the bureau said. of the small city and village families in New England i spent less than $3.65 per capita weekly for food .during 1036, the survey showed. The bulk of this group spent between $2.30 and $3.65 a week. In contrast with New England, negro families in the .small cities and villages of the Southeast spend the least for food of any group covered by the study. Three-fourt- hs Book Out 20 Years Syracuse, N. Y. Three unlisted books were found on the shelves of a branch library here. Investigation disclosed that the books had been borrowed 0 years ago from the Syracuse public library. Mother Throws Ringers Fort Worth, Texas. Mrs. II. C. Sill, mother of four children, is looking for new worlds to conquer in the sport of horseshoe pitching. She has won every since 1923. city tournament The Sons of 76 of the last century middle In the the organization known as the Sons of '76 was one of a number of secret aocieties which was merged in the order or party along g with the Order of American Mechanics, American Protestant association. Order of the Sons of America and oilier similar orders. Its decided characteristics' were nativ ism. When asked r.s to the objects of this society members renl'ed I hence know nothing about them, the name Know Nolhing.1. Know-Nothin- |