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Show THE BULLETIN' Naval Guns of 1812 and Civil War Short Rangers Naval guns of the War of 1812 were weapons of short range compared with some of the land guns constructed at an even earlier period. The American frigate Constitution and Its British antagonist, the Guerrlere, carried long guns capable of shooting a mile, and short guns, or carronades, with a range of a quarter to a half mile, says John A. Menaugh In the Chicago Tribune. The Constitution had SO long and 22 carronades shooting balls, while the Guerrlere and 10 had 30, long carronades. Dut ranges meant very little to the naval heroes of old, who brought their ships together for close action, who maneuvered their vessels about to butt each other like billy goats, who ordered boarding parties to clear the enemy's decks with flashing cutlasses, and who often re-- , shot Into sorted to the firing of red-hthe enemy's hold in order to set lire to his wooden decks and stanchions or explode his magazines. The Civil war found naval engagements still carried out at fairly close quarters. The Kearsarge and Alabama, typical of naval development of that day, both carried smoothbore Dalgrens and rifled cannon, the extreme range of the most powerful of the weapons being about a mile. The Kearsarge had Tlie City Gardener D vumicLm 51 kJN D of-- Sign Posted Appian Way History records the fact that the ancient Romans sign posted the Appian Way 2,000 years ago, according to the Automobile Club of Southern Some twenty centuries California. back, engineers of the Roman empire placed a milestone every 1,000 paces along the highways. Beyond 100 miles from Rome and in the provinces, these markers indicated the distance to the nearest principal town. The Appian Way is still traveled today. LET HAVE SOME I HOME vROMM HME TOR WHN&tfc BtPtiHES ill frTTVr I I 32-pou- 82-pou-nd 9rnnr- r- TfTHEHAME, FN2 BUNCHES ot . four short two 11-lnc- h rifle. pivot guns, and one The Alabama had six short one rifle, and one shell gun. er Moose Largest Land Mammal; Naturally Shy The moose Is the largest of our land mammals. Ills curious head, with Its large, odd nose, the broad, put muted antlers, and the pendant "bell" below the throat, all combine to make him animaL Beseem like a story-boo- k cause of his long legs he Is taller than a horse, says Nature Magazine. Though large and heavy, he is able to travel almost noiselessly through his northern home In, the thickets of alder, birch, g tamarack, along the edges of streams, and shallow lakes. lie Is fond of water plants, lent, stem and root These delicacies he seeks at night during the season when his antlers are growing and the calves are young. lie Is sometimes completely covered by water when he reaches for food at the bottom. lie Is naturally a shy creature until he is ready to seek his mate; then his trumpeting call means challenge to all Intruders, and, in his conflicts, he uses his strong forefeet as well as his heavy antlers. lie is found In the forest areas of northern North America as far south as Maine, Minnesota and Wyoming, and nnder protection he may continue to occupy these areas for many years In the slow-movin- Antelope in Many Areas Pioneers found thousands of antelopes ranging over the Great Plains and the deserts from Cunada south to the Valley of Mexico, and eastward through what Is now Nebraska. Antelope require large areas of wide, open country to thrive, says Nature Magazine. This has been growing less with the advance of civilization until now there are only a few small herds left PosIn widely scattered territory. sessed of an exuberated sense of curiosity, they hnhituully place themselves in unnecessary danger, evidently uiMin their fleet ness of foot to escape. When startled they raise the stiff white hairs of the rump patch. This conspicuous signal Is visible for h couple of miles and Is passed from group to group until all have taken ulurui. .Marathon Races Started With Olympic Contests The ancient Marathon was a small town on the eastern const of Attica, about 20 miles northeast of Athens. There Is a modern village of the name, but the site of the ancient Marathon is occupied now by a town called Vrana. observes a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Along with neighboring towns, the old Marathon belonged to an ancient Ilanseatlc league called the Tetrnpolls. This league claimed a very early origin, legend carrying It back to the time of Theseus, and It survived until after the Fourth century B. U The plain of Marathon is famous as the scene of the decisive battle In which Miltiuiles led the Athenians und PIntenns to victory over the army of Darius under command of Datls and Artaphernes in B. C. 400. The Greeks numbered about 10.000, while the Persians had a much larger force. But the Invaders were put utterly to rout with heavy loss, while the Greeks lost only 102 men. The great mound In which the remains of these dead were placed is still conspicuous on the plain. The battle turned back the eastern Invasion of Europe and saved Athens: and. according to tradition, a Greek runner sped without stopping from Marathon to Athens bearing the tidings of victory. The modern Marathon race, commemorating this feat, originated with the first Olympic games, at Athens in 1SD0. It Is a run of 40 kilometers (21 miles, 1,403 yards), held mostly on the open road. The name Is also applied to any similar long distance race. Buckingham Palace Was Not for Royal Residence Buckingham mince was not planned as a dwelling place for Britain's kings, observes a writer In the New York Times. It became a royal residence by accident rather than by design. In 1CU0 James I decided to try his hand at producing silkworms, which were thought to have possibilities In commerce. So he set aside some ground near Westminster for the planting of mulberry trees, upon which silkworms feed. The plan failed, but the ground had become established as a garden, which later became a place for public entertainment and remained a fashionable resort until after the Ilesto-rntio- n. The first house known to have been built on part of the site of the present palace was Goring house, named tjfter Lord Goring. It was later burned und I ml Arlington, who purchased It from Lord Goring's son, omit another. Tins was bought by the duke of Buckingham, who later pulled It down and built a house of brick and stone In Dutch design, called Buckingham house. Buckingham house first came into royal hands when George III In 17G1 bought it for 20,000 from Sir Charles Sheffield (a r.atural son of Buckingthere from St ham's) and move James' palace. An act of parliament settled the palace on Queen Charlotte in 1775, and It was then known as the Queen's Palace. George IV had Nosh rebuild almost the whole of it. Civil War Token From 1SU1 to 1804 the dearth or small coins gave rise to an enormous private issue of tokens und merchants' cards. The former bore inscriptions' giving vivid expressions to the partisan slogans of the day, while the other bore simply the advertisement of the merchants who issued them. It was estimated that not less than 25,000,000 of these private tokens were issued throughout the eastern and middle western states until the government, by act of congress In 1884, put a stop to their issue. They are worth about four or five cents each. The name "Dlx in the center of a token was for the American general and statesman. John Adams Dix, who was secretary of the treasury from January 11 to March 4. 1S6L Fish Need Food The fish production of a body of water depends chiefly upon the quantity of suitable food, and this food supply. In turn, depends upon the fertility of the water. Professor Juday of the University of Wisconsin writes. That Is, all aquatic animals, like all land animals, depend upon plants for the ultimate source of their food, and aquatic plants also require phosphates, potash, nitrogen compounds and other raw materials that are dissolved in the water for their growth. Rougheit Two-Ma- n Sport bout of Japan is the The sport All kinds of roughest fouls are permitted and broken necks and ankles, dislocated hips and sNjpul-deand torn tendons are not uncommon. When a combatant Is in a painful grip and about to receive n disabling Injury he Is supposed to give In and end the round. Bather than face this humiliation, however, he sometimes allows himself to be punished to the point of Insensibility. Frelong Foster In Collier s Weekly. jiu-jits- u two-ma- n rs Cairo Ii Exciting City Cairo, Egypt's capital and largest, city in Africa, is one of the most exciting cities In the world.' The minarets are the most beautiful in the Levant There are 500 mosques in the city. In the building of one, Garni Sultan Hassan expended $3,000 dally for three years and when it was completed, cut off the architect's hand so that he could not create another like It The Citadel, built about 1106, contains a mosque of oriental alabaster. The mosque of Tulin, built in the Ninth century, stands on a hill whereon tradition asserts the Ark rested after the flood. Out in the river lies Rhoda island, where it Is said the pharaoh's daughter found the Infant Moses in the bulrushes. Forests of the Sea Trunks of seaweed eighteen Inches with branches and leaves like a tree, were discovered recently by a botanist In the Antarctic ocean. It remains to be proved wheth-- . er they can be used as firewood. Unmapped jungles of vegetation lie beneath the waves. The marine explorer glimpsed a real forest of seaweed when investigating. In his bathysphere, the continental shelf off the coast of Chile. Some of the stems towered to a height of COO feet, three Inches higher than the world's tallest tree. In circumference, Banned Unfair Competition During thj Middle ages, Belgium, had very strict laws to prevent what It considered to be unfair competition.. In at least one town, craftsmen and vendors of goods were not only for--1 bidden to advertise but they were not' even allowed to stand In their door-- ! ways for fear they might blow their noses or sneeze In order to attract the' attention of passers-by- . Isaac New York City, in Collier's' Weekly. ; Hersli-kowlt- z. Match or Fuse Used to Fire First Powder Guns The first weapon employing powder and small enough to be carried by a man was little more than a tule of metal from which a charge was fired by the application to the touchhole of a lighted match or fuse. The arauebus. forerunner of the musket, was of this simple design, notes a writer in the Chicago Tribune. Fired by the aid of the matchlock. It hurled a hall a maximum distance of 400 yards. Some time In the cen In) tury the duke of Alva troduced Into the Spanish army the smoothbore musket which had a max! mum range of WJ0 yards, ln:t which, like the arquebus, was only accurate for about 100 yards. Little Improvement was made In the shooting efficiency of the smoothbore musket In more than 200 years, though the firing mechanisms of the weapons were successively changed from matchlock to wheel lock, from wheel lock to flintlock, and from flintlock to cap or percussion lock. Gradually the weapons were made lighter and lighter, until the soldier no longer was compelled to carry a forked rod upon which to rest his gun for firing. so-call- th (1508-lo83- |