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Show THE BULLETIN ir Who Gave Us Memorial Day f For Dress and Utility By ELMO SCOTT WATSON us Memorial Day? gave Before attempting to answer that question, one appropriately enough ask another Which Memorial Day do you mean? For the truth is that there are no less than five different days of the year which are observed as Memorial Day in different parts of the country. April 26 is Confederate Meservice was held in Montgomery, morial Day in the states of Ala., on the same date. Up in Alabama, Florida, Georgia Va., May 10, the Fredericksburg, and Mississippi. anniversary of the death of Gen. WHO Kentucky, North Carolina and South Carolina set aside May 10 as their Confederate Memorial Day. May 30 is National Memorial Day, observed in all states and territories, except Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Georgia celebrates this day as World War Memorial Day and Virginia celebrates it as Confederate Memorial Day. (Incidentally, North Carolina, which formerly celebrated only May 10 as Confederate Memorial Day, began in 1935 to observe May 30 as National Memorial Day.) June 3 is Confederate Memorial Day in Louisiana and Tennessee, (the latter also observes National Memorial Day on May 30) and since June 3 is Jefferson Davis birthday it is celebrated as such in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia. June 9 is celebrated as Memorial Day in Petersburg, Va., the only city in the United States which has its own such day of commemoration. As for answering the question asked hi the title of this article, it is virtually impossible to assign credit for the idea to one person and say positively that any man or any woman was the "father or the "mother of Memorial Day. It is, however, possible for a person to trace the growth of the idea and mention the names of some who played a part in its development. As early as May 1, 1885 a memorial service for the war dead had been held in Charleston, S. C. It was the idea of James C. Redpath, MISS NORA DAVIDSON One of the original members of the Petersburg Ladies' Memo- rial Association. ' war correspondent and later founder of the famous lyceum bureau which bore his name, who was then superintendent of the freedmens schools in Charleston. But this isolated instance probably would not have been enough alone to have established the custom had it not been followed up by a chain of circumstances of a similar nature. Some time in the spring of 1865 the women of Columbus, Miss., began decorating the graves of soldiers who had died in the service of the Confederacy and the following January Miss Lizzie Rutherford suggested to other members of the Ladies Aid society that April 26 be set aside each year as a special day for decorating these graves. That date (which is still celebrated as Confederate MemorialDay in four Southern states) was the anniversary of the surrender of Cen. Joseph E. Johnston's army, the last formal act of the War Between the States. Accordingly their first Memorial Day service was held in St. Luke's Methodist church in Columbus on April 23, 1863 with Col. James M. Ramsey as the orator of the day. On that day, also, the graves of both Umon and Confederate soldiers buried near Columbus were decorated with flowers. Previous to that time the women of Columbus had written to their friends in other Southern states telling them of their idea for a memorial dav and a s:nvlar Stonewall Jackson, was chosen as the date for such a service and that date survives as Confederate Memorial Day in these Southern First in the North. Meanwhile a similar idea was taking form up in the North and at least one memorial service was held there in 1866. On May 22 Gen. John J. Murray of Waterloo, N. Y., and some of his comrades in the Union army decorated graves in their home cemetery. But more important to the growth of the idea than this one instance was a series of events which had been taking place out in Illinois. One of the regimerg; in Gen. W. T. Shermans expedition to Meridian, Miss., in February 1864, was the Fourteenth Illinois infantry. One of the officers of the regiment was Maj. Benjamin Franklin Stephenson, who had been a doctor before entering the service in 1862, and his and bosom companion was Rev. W. J. Rutledge, chaplain of the regiment. During that campaign Rutledge suggested to Stephenson that the soldiers so closely allied in the fellowship of hardship and suffering would, after they had been mustered out of the service, naturally desire to form some kind of an association to preserve the friendships and memories of their war days. The idea appealed to Stephenson and the two men agreed, if they were spared, to work it out. After the war they kept alive the subject by correspondence and in the winter of 1865 Stephenson, who had returned to his medical practice in Springfield, 111., showed to his friends there notes on a proposed ritual for such an organization. In March, 1866, Rutledge came to Springfield and the two men spent considerable time working on the ritual. So far, no name had been selected for the organization but it is quite likely that the title of an order, started the previous year in Missouri and named the "Advance Guard of America, or, The Grand Army of Progress, suggested the title which was finally adopted the Grand Army of the Republic. When at last the ritual was ready for printing, Gov. Richard J. Oglesby of Illinois suggested that, in order to insure secrecy, it be set in type and printed in the office of the Decatur (111.) Tribune, whose owners, I. W. Coltrin and Joseph Prior, as well as all their compositors and pressmen, had served in the Union army. The G. A. R. Is Born. While this work was under way Dr. J. W. Routh of Decatur, a friend of Stephenson's, went to Springfield accompanied by Capt. M. F. Kanan, to make inquiries about the proposed organization. After calling upon Stephenson, they resolved to organize a post" in their city at once. Within a short time they had enough signatures to an application for a charter and they hurried again to Springfield to present the application in person and arrange for the first muster. Accordingly on April 6, 1866 Stephenson, assisted by Phelps, organized Decatur Post No. 1 of the Grand Army of the Republic. Thus it was that the G. A. R., which was destined to become the founder of a national Memorial Day came into existence. By a curious turn of fate this organization which had been principally Stephensons "brain child was to bring him one of the greatest disappointments of his life. For when his comrades gathered at Springfield to form a department, another man was selected as its commander and a still further sorrow came to him when the national encampment was formed at Indianapolis. Instead of being made national commander, as he had expected he would be. he was passed over and given the subordinate office of adjutant-generDisheartened by this experience and broken by work and his disappointment, Stephenson removed his family from Springfield to Rock Creek, 111., where he died in 1871. Several years later his body was removed to the Soldiers Plot in Rose Hill cemetery on the banks of the Sangamon river, at which time tardy tribute was paid to his memory as the "Father of the tent-ma- te al G. A. R. Two Versions. As for the succession of events which led to the establishment by the G. A. R. of the day which we now celebrate as National Memorial Day, there is some dispute os to exact details. In 1SJ8 Gen. Johr, A. Logan was the WHY Mollie R- - you going own are out mother again? My has become a gadabout and all because she made herself such a pretty new dress. Really, Ma, those soft graceful lines make you look lots slimmer. I think the long rippling strewn the graves of the Con- collar has a good deal to do with federate dead in ancient Bland-for- d it. Or maybe its because the skirt cemetery in commemoration fits where it should and has plenty of that event. The connection of of room at the bottom. this observance with the estab"Yes, Sly Darling Daughter. lishment of a National Memorial "Daughter, dear, how you do Day by the G. A. R. came about run onl Imitate Sis; put your in this way: In March, 1868, Col. Charles L. apron on and have the dusting Wilson, editor of the Chicago done when I get back from the Journal, invited a party consist- Civic Improvement League meeting. And speaking of 8prons, that ing of his niece, Miss Anna Wilson, his fiancee, Miss Farrar, is the cleverest one Sis ever had General Logan and Mrs. Logan to I love the way it crosses in the back. visit the battlefields around RichSo do I, Mom, and see how it mond. Logan, then a congressman from Illinois, was detained covers up my dress all over. Good-bin Washington by some urgent Mom, have a good time. Clara Barton, founder of the Red Cross, and Airs. Juan A. Logan, who had a part in the founding of Alemorial day. commander - in - chief of the Grand Army and N. P. Chipman was adjutant-generaAccording to one story, Chipman was told by a former private in the Union army, a German, that in his native land it was the custom of the people to gather in the springtime and scatter flowers on the graves of the dead. He suggested to Chipman that the Grand Army inaugurate such an observance in memory of this nations soldier dead, whereupon Chipman, much impressed with the idea, immediately made a rough draft of general orders covering the subject and laid it before the commander-in-chief. Logan, warmly approving the idea, added several paragraphs of his own and signed what has since become historic as "General Orders No. 11, establishing May 30 as National Memorial Day. Another account brings into the or rather, picture a woman several women. And for the proper background for this version it is necessary to go back to 1864 and bring into the story the reason for Petersburg, Va., being the only city in the United States that had a Memorial Day all of its own. On June 9, 1864 General Kautz with a division of 20,000 Union cavalry approached Petersburg as a preliminary to Grant's attempt to break in the back door of the Confederate capital by capturing this important railroad center. At that time Petersburg was unguarded but Gen. R. E. Colston and Col. F. H. Archer, wounded Confederate officers home to convalesce, were notified of the ap- l. 'V.- - j BENJAMIN F. STEPHENSON Founder of the G. A. R. proach of the Union horsemen. Summoning the home guard of old men and boys, who were exempt from military service, they marched out to meet the invaders. They engaged a detachment of 1,300 so fiercely that Kautz, believing he was facing a much larger body of men, delayed his advance. The home guard held their own until they were outflanked, but by this time Lee had hurried reinforcements to Petersburg and the city was saved. Honoring the Home Guard. In May, 1866, the Petersburg Ladies Memorial association, with Mrs. W. T. Joynes as president and Mrs. Stephen Fcnn as secretary, was organized, probably in response to word from the women of Columbus, Miss., in regard to their observance of a memorial day. But instead of joining with them in observing April 26 as that day, the women of Petersburg chose June 9. the anniversary of the heroic defense of their city by its home guard, and since that year they have n. All gun to going. And so on well into noon! Sew-My-Ow- right. Im the after- The Patterns. Pattern 1268 is for sizes 36 to 52. Size 38 requires 5ft yards of 39 inch material plus 1ft yards of 1ft inch bias binding for trimming. Pattern 1292 is designed for sizes 12 to 20 (30 to 42 bust). Size 14 requires 4ft yards of 39 inch material. Pattern 1255 is designed in sizes 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 8 requires 1 yards years. Size of 35 inch material for the blouse and 1ft yards for the apron. Send for the Barbara Bell Spring and Summer Pattern Book containing designs of attractive, practical and becoming clothes. ExChit Chat. Sisterly . clusive fashions for children, "Sis, run upstairs for my apron, women and matrons. Price, wont you? I wouldnt have a spot young 15 cents per copy. on this, my beloved model, for Send order to The Sewing all the world. It's my idea ol! Circle your Pattern Dept., 149 New smooth: all these buttons; no belt Montgomery Ave., San Francisthese here new puffed sleeves; co, Calif. Price of patterns, 15 and this flare thats a flare. cents (in coins) each. e BeU Syndicate. WNU Service. "Just you wait, Miss, till I grow up! Your clothes wont have y, legislation pending in congress but he insisted upon Mrs. Logan accompanying the party. Among the battlefields which they visited were those in and around Petersburg and in the cemetery there they saw the withered wreaths and tiny Confederate flags placed on the graves of the dead on June 9 of the previous year. Mrs. Logan, for many years known as The Grand Old Lady of Washington, has left this account of what followed: "In the bleak March wind and g snow, the desolation seemed most oppressive. Returning to the old Willard hotel, where we then lived, sitting in our part lor after dinner, we recounted to General Logan the incidents of the trip and how deeply touched we were by the devastation and ravishes of war. In the churchyard around an old historic church at Petersburg, every foot of the ground seemed occupied by the graves of the Confederate dead. Upon them lay wreaths, once beautiful flowers, now crumbling, which had been placed there by loving hands. Little faded Confederate flags marked each grave, mute evidence of the devotion of the southern people to their loved and light-fallin- look in because Ive already be- - nnr Ask Me Another 0 e A General Quiz BcS Syndicate. WNU Service. 1. When was the "conscience in the United States treasury started? 2. How far away from the earth is the nearest star? 3. From where was the inscription on the Liberty bell in Phila delphia reading: "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof' taken? 4. From where did the word "geyser come? 5. What is the size of Yellowstone National park? lost. 6. How many different types of "General Logan was much imare there? pressed by our description, say- holly 7. What is the net area of naing, 'The Greeks and Romans in tional in the United forests the day of their glory were wont to honor their hero dead by chap- States? 8. What city is known as the lets of laurel and flowers, as well as in bronze. and stone,' and that City of Hills? 9. What is the greatest height as commander-in-chie- f of the Grand Army of the Republic and at which birds fly? 10. What is the estimated world member of congress from Illinois of unmined coal? total he would issue an order estab11. What is a dewworm? Memorial lishing Day, then 12. What is the difference becalled Decoration Day. He declared at the same time that he tween a surf board and an aquabelieved that he could secure the plane? adoption of a joint resolution making it a national holiday and Answers a national ceremony. He then 1. In 1811, by a contribution took up a pencil and paper and from some anonymous person wrote the matchless order whose conscience hurt him. The No. 11. fund has grown until today it toAs a result of this order formal tals over $650,000. exercises were held at Arling2. About 25,500,000,000.000 miles. ton, Va. (later the site of the 3. From the Bible Leviticus present Arlington National Ceme25:10.. on 1868, the 30, printery) May 4. Geyser is an Icelandic word cipal ceremony being the decoration with flags and flowers of a the original pronunciation being monument to the "Unknown "geeser, later changed to "gay-se- r and finally Americanized to Dead, a memorial that had been erected to the memory of 2,111 gyser. unidentified dead found on the 5. It covers 3,438 square miles fields of Bull Run and the route of territory, of which 257 are in to the Rappahannock. Montana, 25 in Idaho and the remainder in Wyoming. Who gave us Memorial Day? 6. There are 175 different type No one person can be honored or species of found throughas the giver. Many contributed out the world.holly something to it James C. 7. More than 162,000,000 acres. Miss Lizzie Rutherford and 8. Lynchburg, Va., is so called. of women the Columbus, Miss.; 9. Aviators crossing the Andes Benjamin Franklin Stephenson; the women of Petersburg, Va.; report condors seen at 22,000 feet. Gen. John A. Logan and Mrs. 10. Estimated at 7.8 trillion metLogan. Thus both the North ric tons. I. ad a anil tht part in bring11. This is the British name for ing it about but today it knows the earthworm. r. North, no South, r.o East, no 12. An aquaplane is attached to West. It is the day, whether April a motor boat. A surf board is not 26, May 10, June 3 or June 9, attached to anything. If used bewhen Americans pay reverent hind a motor boat, the rider holds tribute to the memory of their a rope in his hand and can cast soldier dead. loose at any time. O Western Newspaper Union. Red-pat- h; fund (One way fart froM Ogden or Salt Lakt City, good im okm-ditione-d coaches or chair cart.) We have die FASTEST TRAINS fo San Francisco, all meals on the 25-30-- Pacific Limited. $31 ROUNDTR1P to San Francisco; $32 ROUNDTRIP to Los Angeles via San Francisco bodi fares good in standard Pullmans (berth extra). Southern Pacific Far hformetim write D. K. Own. Cm. Art. Deft. A. 41 So. Hem A. Sait Lake On IN UTAH AND ITS THE HOTEL BEN LOMOND Ogdens Finest . . One of Utahs Best 350 Rooms 350 Baths $100 to $4.00 Rooms Air Cooled Corridors Gnll Room Coffee Shop Spacious Lounge and Lobby Courteous Service Every Comfort and Convenience will be found at DelightAj! 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