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Show HIE SPANISH ed by a battery current and It is this heat furnished by the battery current that constitutes the force that s the stoma of the filament and Uberates electrons. Fig. Ill Is a spherical glass bulb from which all the air and gases have beea exhausted and having mounted la It a filament C-which can be heated to Incandescence by the "A" battery connected to it, and the metallic plate E. When the filament C-le heated to Incandescence by the A battery connected across lie terminals electrons are emitted. Connecting the cold plate E to the Incandescent filament C-by means of the circuit which Includes a current meter and a B battery, with Its negative side connected to the filament lead at II and Its positive side connected through the current meter, the plate becomes electrically positive with respect to the filament. Since like charges repel and unlike charges attract, there will be a movement of elections from the filament to the positively charged plate, and the current meter will show a defiec-tlo- n which indicates that a current Is ' flowing in the circuit Increasing the "B battery voltage causes an increase In the current flowing In the circuit the plate circuit, until the positive charge on the plnte E is so strong that all of the electrons- - given off by the filament are attracted to It Assuming that the temperature of the filament Is kept constant and that the plate voltage has been Increased to the point where all of the electrons given off by the filament are attracted to U, any further Increases In the B" battery voltage will not cause'' any Increase In the current In the plate circuit. Increasing the temperature of the filament will Increase the total num her of the electrons emitted. BETTER ROADS die-rupt- VACUUM TUBE USED AS RADIO DETECTOR How This Device Depends on Emission and Control of -- Electrons for Its Operation. Headers of the radio column are urged to dip each article and paste it in a file book. The articles printed are continuous and the entire series will be valuable for reference. The greatest advances made In the past few years in the radio art have been due In one way or another to the use of vacuum- tubes. In view of this fact a more careful consfderatlon. of them will be of Interest. All of these tubes, known by a variety of names, such as radlotron, serlotron (trade names of the - au-dlo- n, manufacturer) depend upon the same fundamental principles for their op. eratlon. For the sake of simplicity of brevity these will be referred to In this column simply as vacuum tubes. A vacuum tube can be made to function as a detector, as an amplifier, or as an oscillator. The vacuum tube depends on the emission and control of electrons for Its operation. The electron Is the smallest subdivision of matter which mankind recognizes and it carries the smallest known charge of negative For years previous to electricity. electron research It bad been held by scientists that matter was built up of distinct particles or units which they called atoms and molecules. At first the molecule was assumed to be the smallest quantity of matter that could have a separate existence or take part In chemical action, but more vigorous research pointed to the fact that the molecule Is made up of still smaller elements which are termed atoms; that Is, a molecule may be composed of several atoms. Then for a time it was assumed that the atom was the very smallest quantity of an element that could extst, but later researches have revealed . that atoms may be further subdivided Into particles FRISCO TALKS TO HONOLULU New Radio Station at the Presidio Can Be Heard Half Way Around the Globe. fTAII FORK PRESS. SPANISH Babyi Specialists. Labor Coats, Character of 80II Gradod and Time Limit on Contracts All Counted. hr th Inlt.d Stta Dspartmeaf ( Agriculture.) A great variation In the conditions under which grading for highways is done la different sections of the United States Is reflected In cost dufa compiled by the bureau of public roads, United States Department of Agriculroad. ture, ou 1,350 miles of federal-aiThe figures cover the four-yea- r period 1917-102- 1 and are based on a total of irnpint d yards of earth. For the groups of states the ave age price per cubic yard la as follows: New England and Middle Atlantic states, $.33; East North Central, I0.C8 ; West North Central, $0.40; South Atlantic, fO.61; East South Ceiy traL $0.41; West South Central, $0.36; Mountain, $0.52; and Pacific states, $0.01. The general' average price was 24,000,000 FHAT there are Physicians who specialize on Infant ailments you know. All Physicians understand Infant troubles I all Physicians treat them. It is his profession, his duty, to know human ills from the Stork to the Great Beyond. But in serious cases he calls in the Specialist. Why? Ho knows as every Mother knows, or ought to know, that Baby is just a baby, needing special treat; ment, special remedies. Can a Mother he less thoughtful? Can a Mother try to relievo Baby with a remedy that she would use for herself? Ask yourself; and answer honestly! Always remember that Baby is just a baby." And remembering this yon will remember that Fletchers Castoria - is made especially for Infants and Children. - ' . ' Children Cry For f Contents ISPluid Praolm $0.00. Probably the most Important factor affecting the cost was the amount of grading to be done per mile, the quantity being very small In the groups having the highest prices. In general it Is noticed thnt where mostly old roads are rebuilt, the light work and tearing up the old pavement greatly affected the cost The amount of fine grading or trimming required, for the higher types of pavement wus also a factor. Labor costs, character of soil to be graded, climatic conditions, time limit on contracts, and cost f detours for traffic also affected the cost. ' ' While each groui of states did not have the same volume of grading each year, and therefore the average figure for the whole country la not truly representative, it la Interesting to note bat the average coat of grading grad- - 'V' 2 ; j-- sjV' I iu E F.Sty girt y ALCOHOL-- 3 PER c5N? AVcSefablc Preparation similatinlheTood V 1 1inlhcStomAdsandBcwts called electrons. The apparent mass of an electron Is about part of that of an atom of hydrogen which Is the smallest of the chemical atoms. According to the electron theory an atom consists of a definite number of electrons grouped around a nucleus having a positive charge and so long as none of the component electrons are driven from the atom, the latter possess no detectable charge. The positive charge on the nucleus Is said to be exactly neutralized by the negative charges on the electrons grouped about it. Suppose now that by some means an electron can be detached from the atom. Then the atom becomes what is known as a positive Ion and It exhibits the properties of a positively charged body, or in other words since an electron which carries a negative ""charge has been removed from the atom which has equal positive and negative charges, the portion of the atom now remaining has a deficiency of negative charge and acts like any positively charged body. r On the other hand If some force can be brought to bear that. Will add an electron to a normal atom which Is neutral as far as electrical charges are measured, the result will be a negative ion, which will possess all the properties of a negatively charged body. An atom then which has a deficiency of electrons Is called a positive Ion and one having excess, of electrons Is called a negative Ion. Since each electron carries a charge of electricity an elec-of certain a quantity tron represents electricity. Forcing electrons to move from one point to another causes electricity to flow. The ability of any medium to conduct electricity or allow a current to flow through It depends upon the number of free electrons available as carriers of charges. It has been known for, many years thnt the space surrounding a piece of heated metal Is a conductor of electricity. It has been demonstrated more recently thnt this Is due to the release of electrons and that if an, " Incandescent metal ' be placed In a bulb exhausted of all gases, pure electrons will be liberated from the Incandescent metal. In a vacuum tube sjch ns we are using at tbc present time, the piece-ometal used to, furnish the electrons Is called the filament and is usually mode of tungsten, and sometimes Is coated with oxides , to increase the election emission. For convenience the filament of a vacuum tube la heat e, - ' Handling Vacuum Tubea. When you handle the vacuum tubes of your receiver great care should be exercised that they are not knocked about or that the elements are broken. These little lamps are the heart and soul of the set. A good way to operate these tubes Is to keep the glow just a little below the critical point. : ADVICE, FOR AMATEURS. v ' Not Narcotic truth-tellin- 5a jeShI Httv-I. 11 ,5Pw .13, e. A helpful Remedy and Diarrhoea Constipation ana and Feverishness fes B Loss of Sleep re,dtin4 . thertfrtm-mlm&f- - Signature? e MOTHERS SHOULD READ THE BOOKLET THAT IS AROUND EVERY BOTTLE OF FLETCHER'S CASTORIA GENUINE CoxcanC, Tax NTTlV YORlf CASTORIA ALWAYS Bears the Signature of .J ' . vonciete Road Designed to Take Care of Great Deal More Than Local Traffic, to Use PUTNAM FADELESS DYES Color. Silk, Wool, Cotton All At fho S.mo Tim.. ually rose from $0.(9 in the first quar... Birds Help Man. ter of 1917 to $0.67 In the fourth Remember the birds this spring. The quarter of 1919, and then gradually declined to $0.34 In the third quarter possibilities of the Increase of forest of 1921. ' It Is probable that the latter Insects, are so appalling that potent figure would be somewhat higher had forces to keep them within bounds all of the states let work la that Qua- are indispensable; otherwise, Insects might destroy All forest rees. The rter. numbers of Insect species that attack a single tree sometimes run into hundreds, and the individuals of each FIVE BIG QUESTIONS species if unchecked would sood number untold millions. Before such countless hordes man would be powerAre the roads In your couDty less. a credit to you, ' or are you ashamed of tliemT Are the roads In your county SWAMP-ROO- T FOR wide enough for the convenient passage of cars? KIDNEY AILMENTS Are the roads In your county from that so tourists marked, distant states have no difficulty There la only one medicine that really keeping to the right ropd? as a medicine for tands out Are the roads in your county curable ailments of the kidney., liver and or bladder. roads," only Dr. Kilmera Swamp-Roloads? .tend, the highest for the reaaon that it has proven Are the roads In your county in needed to be just the remedy thoiuand, such that tourists traveling over of diatreraing cases. upon thonsands them want to come back that Swamp-Roo- t makes friend quickly beway? cause its mild and immediate effect ia aooo realized in most caws, it is a gentle, The voltages applied to the t t plate circuits . of amplifying J tubes are not extremely critical $ 0 and one voltage control will suf-- J flee. The detector tube, how-- 0 t ever, is often very critical and J J an efficient potentiometer will 0 0 work wonders in controlling it. j Apparatus used for the recep- tlon of broadcasting Is exactly the same as that used for the 0 1 0 reception of code signals. The J 0 transmitting equipment, how- - 0 KENTUCKY . TO BUILD ROADS 0 ever, is different, ! The use of a single wire for 0 Houst of Representatives Approves is advantageous be--. t . reception $50,000, COO State Bond Issue Bill by Big Vote. t cause it lessens the amount of 0 objectlonal Interference In the 0 way of static. It Is equally as Kentucky, famous for several things, good as a multiple wire systepi Is now to adtf good roads to its list. 0 for reception. Fite $50,000,000 state road bond issue B batteries will , bill lias been Defective J approved ' by the Ken0 often cause roaring In the tele- J house of representatives by a tucky J phone receivers. vote of 63 to 34. 0 . The electron often talked J This measure provides for submitJ about is the smallest known 0 the proposition to the voters ot ting 0 quantity of negative electrical state at the election next Novemthe energy,- - In motion It makes up 0 0 ber. If It Is approved the money Is to J current. electric he- - used over a period of five years. j theA soft vacuum tube Is used 0 To pay off tills Indebtedness three 1 as a detector tube and a bard" kinds of taxes are pledged a gasoline vacuum tube as an amplifier. 0 road tax, a Vcense tax and a hard and soft" . J tax. The terms 0 trefer to degree of evacuation. Radio waves travel at the K Sounds the Road. same speed as light, namely Facts about v but happens under a J 180,000 miles per second. 0 roadway as traffic passes over It ars 0 A wavemeter is an Instrn- obtained by .the use of an inbeing 0 ! genious device 0 ment used for checking up the perfected by the bureau 0 wave lengths of sending and' re- of public roads. The device is one of ' 0 the new instruments developed to disJ ceiving stations. 0 Gas pipe or. water pipe sys- - J cover what thickness of roadbed f 0 terns may be- used for grounds, 0 should be constructed for heavy or the latter being more advisable. J light traffic on .various kinds of soil. , Lightning protection secured 0 grounding the antenna when Souris. of Much Trouble. - t : not In use Is essential and is re- - 0 A common . source of trouble to Im. qulred by the underwriters. proved roads is that of poor drainago lack .of drainage. r good-weatli- 0- - Advertising by the use of large space, the expenditure of huge 6um3 have placed on the market, have put labour home, perhaps, many articles that today have been discarded, as you will readily admit. Do you recall anything that has more modestly appealed to the public than has Fletchers Castoria: modest in all its claims, pleading at all times and truthfully for our babies? The big splurg, the misleading claims may win for a time, but g advertiser is like the old story of the tortoise the honest that beat the hare. Mothers everywhere, and their daughters, now mothers, speak frankly, glowingly, enthuslastlcany in praise of Fletchers Castoria. Speak of it lovingly as a friend that baa brought comfort, cheer and smiles to their little-onTo them: to these true mothers no argument can induce them to set aside their bottle of Castoria, their old friend, that they might try even another and unknown remedy for babies. Then, would YOU think of going to YOUR OWN medicine chest to find relief for Babys troubles? Can you not separate the false from the true? of money ' 150-foo- ' The False and the True. Cheerfulness andRestCaetotf neither Opium. Morphine MinenxL flo j4 1 Dil&stlcft Thereby Promoting 1 'Hi Hello, Honolulu." That may sound like fiction, but It Is a reality, nevertheless. The new radio station at the Presidio, San Francisco, with aerial conditions right, can be heard half way around the globe. Officials In charge of con stnictlon declare It to be the most powerful vacuum tabe transmitter on the Pacific coast Located on the highest point In the Presidio, overlooking San Francisco t aerial towers to augbay, two ment Its efficiency, the new station will command similar stations In Salt Lake City and Cheyenne. Radiophones on German Trains. Wireless telephone Instruments will be lnstnlled'on a cumber of Important German express trains, and receiving Instruments will be placed in hotels and embassies, according to an announcement made recently. Experiments conducted la a moving freight car have shown that the wireless system works well, the men engaged in the testing of the instruments being able to hold conversations with friends In Berlin. The tests were made under the observation of engineers, military attaches and the diplomatic representatives of the United States and Sweden. fir j v FACTORS AFFECTING GRADING nt ' V .- - Package For Falling Hair. ''In Evidence. M.v hair Is falling out," admitted We are advertised by our stylish La- the timid man to the chemists assistfriends. What do you sell?" Can you recommend something dies hosiery." Louisville Courier-Journa- l. ant. to keep It in? Certainly, replied the obliging young man, who had only recently LADIES CAN WEAR SHOES school. Here is a nice cardboard Oa smaller and walk In comfort bp left box. Iearson's Weekly. , iislnr ALLAN'S FOOTs BASE, the antisepInto feet. - the Shaken tic powder for the h Allen's hoee and sprinkled In the FootsEase make tight or new shoes feel easy; gives Instant relief to corns, bunions and callouses, prevents Blisters, Callous and foot-bat- Sore Exemplary. A man in your iofty Of Course. I hove fallen arches. You should see a building Inspector at once. Boston Transcript. 11 -- LLgai position is expected to set on example for oth ers. - I do, replied Senator Sorghum ; the amount of compensation allowed by the government compels me to set a fine example cf personal economy. Freshen a Heavy Skin With the antiseptic, fascinating Cuti-cur- a Talcum Powder, an exquisitely scented, economical face, skin, baby and dusting powder and perfume. Renders other perfumes superfluous. One of the Cuticnra Toilet Trio (Soap, Ointment. Talcum). Advertisement Vaseline Carbolated Petroleum Jelly is an effective, antiseptic - i . ' first-ai- d dressing for cuts, wounds and insect bites. 1 1 helps prevent infection. CO. CHESEBROUGH MFG. - ' (CouoUOuoQ State Street - New York healing vegetable compound. Start treatment at once. Sold at all v Protection. , drug stores ia bottles of two sizes, mediAmbassador 'George Harvey on for-liium and large. , occasions bears hlmkelf with a first to test this However, if yon treat preparation send tea cent, to Dr. great air of dignity. Among" his Kilmer A Co, Binghamton, N. Y-- , for a friends, however, he Is very jolly. ample bottle. When writing be sure and A foreign cor espondent told the mention this paper. Advertisement. other day of an intimate dinner, in a Even the aristocratic passenger on Iall Mall cl ot where Mr. Harvey apa sleeping car doesnt object to a low- peared through some accident with a very shabby umbrella. He explained : . , ly berth. ul wb I always carry a green cotton London so that Englishmen wont think it worth stealing." jn It Is cheaper to be married than to he engaged yes? Relief Sure FOR I1IDIGESTIOM m VBLVbM 1 6 nuGEsnoKJ -- Bell-an- s Hot water Sure Relief EIL-AR3- S 25$ and 75$ Packages. Everywhere - , WHV PAY MORE FOR any DYE ? 10c per Kill All PM tnTwhm. Flies!, killa $11 fies. Nest, elesit, ornamental M sIVJLJfLJm. Ho?sI2bD attract and eooiewwt end k Bh.LMtllll6- Garden Is Back Number. Commuters who do business in tiie metropolitan district may be taking just as good cure of their gardens this year as ever, but one would never guess it from the daily conversation of these country dwellers on the suburban trains. It used to be: . Yes, I put In my mixed king asters and I got my radishes down 'and my celery started.' Got to remember to buy some new garden hose tonigh; looks like a dry spell. Now It is: ' Sure, I can get WJZ, but Im not able to get the Detroit broadcasting receiving perhaps If I had a two-ste- p set You dont want to overload your . bulbs on that ' A d .aerial's just as good d for your set, but yon as a ought to make it at least 100 feet one-strau- ret" . two-stran- I by EXPRESS. OABOLD SOMSS3. 1W tl . Prepetd. A1S joor 1 . N-- long. Chi Journal. , Gray Hair I fasbloki IU)BCB4af- -e h?i hlr ih original QBaa Hslr Colo Rst(orr Bate m water feinf try it. At all frood druggist, 75 center direct from fb af. W. Tow. Y Mn-- TREATED ONE WEEK FREE reShort breathing lieved in e few hour, . swelling reduced in few days: resulate. th. liver, kidney, stomach nd heart; purifies th. blood, strengthen, the entire system. Writ forf rmm Trial Triatmnt. COLLIHI DROPSY REMEDY PO, Dept. 10.. MUHTL 6t DfiTCfITQ rtl Flf Jtw E. Watson Patent Lawyer, Cpiomsn, Waohlngvon D.O. Adrlceand book ?re. Bste.rauonsbe.Ql.best reference Bestsarrleea. HILLS HONEY & TAR GOOD FOFV BAD COUGHS at stores; 75c by msjL Address 65c New York Drug Concern, New York Arvnta 109 Profit; 60c necessity, ant min ute UemoolraUon, a sale; men, women, doacn nr more in pocket. Cao sell wttlt any lint. Tom Cain, Montgomery CTy. Mo, pro-pee- W N. U, Salt Lake City, Nx l; ?1 f422. |