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Show s 9 t scabbards, presented Istvr by itauvs aed organizations to recognition of the bravery of the recipients, are arranged in racks to as to display Uielr beauties of workmeushlp and tampering, Illustrious among them Is the in the service sword carried by IJut SOUVENIRS OF 1776 Rqlics of the Revolution National Museum. In Matter vtf -- , i ' t , s 15 fl sT m if lit m J.5.1 JR i4 Wen 17,7, jai VALLEY FOR i'i i vsf $U k'bc M tsX I1 Ci erf SSll I'i - e tsjtcxzp mv sct ' sm Dr (Ctcr Wo (b V A 8 II I N O T O N AT VALLEY t la students have hern has done ( axis vcp, Aft-n- Into hearts than any other narrative. In the face of most XtQ trying hardships the patriots made i?nit youthful At tit I Valley Forge th most wonderful J military camp ever maintained In nd home M ,jn1 ot tha fre the brave. The year 1777 was one of mingled victory and defeat for the cause of American freedom. In the north the splendid leadership of Arnold, Morgan and Stark, and the patriotism of the of New York and New Eugland foiled the British plan of cutting off the northeastern states from rtt ua i 4 dL m hy-- j . Jt'-- e Ml 'UJi I, yJ .as M .'VtTw W Jr 1 rrit,l M b KJI t(im, i A rtrdvF-tts- m 4- - - f4 wmz k7 Stricl :chk J S( jl isor nity . !tml bool A .7 1 ff fk eTil It? wp i3(t ti J7k0i4 VMiffe ii a 0 only ,orgf M 0 SMt 5, k( Si ibor in lir-- 29 r y snojprj. it. Old Jl'.V ; r'i r- i ins 2 u of it le - tl janty .tins. viife. Coat-of-Arm- a the other revolted provinces and forced the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. But In the middle states. Lord Howe, aided by the lukewarmness of the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania, defeated Washington at the Brandywine and firmly established himself In Philadelphia, tho American metropolis and the rebel capital. the house In which Captain Lee (Light Horse the father of Robert E. Lee) was staying, Hry. s f Lee and bis guard manned the doors and win-ow- Tho continental congress fled to Lancaster and then tc York. Washington hovered about Philadelphia, fought the brilliant but Indecisive battle of Germantown, and late In December went Into winter quarters In what, says the English historian. Trevelyan, "bids fair to be the most famous history." Valley encampment In tho world Forge, up the Schuylkill river about twenty miles from Philadelphia, strategically left little to be desired, for It enabled the Americans to restrict British raids and was, besides, well fitted for defense. Many civilians insisted that the army ought not to go into winter quarters at all. The fugitive Pennsylvania assembly adopted a remonstrance to that effect. Harassed by a thousand cares and dangers, Washington tartly responded that we have by a field return this day (December 23, 1777) no less than 2.S9S men now in camp unfit for duty because they are barefoot and otherwise naked. . . . Numbers have been obliged, and still are, to sit up all night by fires, Instead of taking comfortable rest In a natural and common way, because of a lack of blankets. "1 can assure these gentlemen that it Is a much easier and less distressing thing to draw remonstrances In a comfortable room by a good fireside than to occupy a cold, bleak hill aud sleep under frost and snow without clothes and blankets. The troops were divided Into squads of twelve, and to encourage the men .Washington offered a teward of f 12 to the Bquad in each regiment that finished a log hut for quarters in the quickest and most workmanlike manner. Inside the huts bunks were to be built, and the farmers living near the camp were ordered to .thrash their wheat in order, that the straw could be used for bedding. In building many of the huts a considerable hole waa first dug. and dozens of these hut holes or. "cellars, can still be seen.-- ' Until a ew years ago one ot the more substantial huts still remained, but unfortunately It was destroyed by fire. The Daughters of the Revolution In 1905 constructed an excellent facsimile of a hut, over an old ."hut hole," and this reproduction undoubtedly gives a fair idea ot the structures Some of the officers found quarters In the scattered farmhouses that stood within or near the encampment. Those who lived In houses w ithout the lines paid a heavy price for their comfort, for vigilance was required to guard against British attacks. Early one January morning a rerec of about two hundred British surrounded g m vi . tm it - Oti: wld' ii. s 7Xrzry y. if (ITS, .v sir T - ''Vv u ivf ! I m M. (.vy i - S" Ws I 7b e asa3 coat-of-arm- Ml tt l- v coat-of-arm- si y zfe'iUy; ,4t d r w A fE3- fi V Hen-ja- during two wars, After fighting bis wsy through tho Revolutionary war with tho long, slender blsdrd sword now so seemingly Wsahlngtons Clothing and Camp peaceful he again used It In the Wsr Equipment and Otntr Eloquent of IMS, It was meant In evtry way Reminderi of the War That for service" or use. Nothing ornate Won Independents, mart the practicability of It hilt and yet there Is a suggestion of nervous TUB Fourth bf July roll force In the blue steel of Ite blade. clt yar tba atorjf around The epaulets worn by Gen. William of lit winning of Anierl-ta- Smallwood when he commanded (be Independence la told and mold In all part of of tba land. 1 ha heroism f I1 let ,n uffrln UTy rlbla conflict ara Im r. prvaai'd Upon Ilia public mind through th various !': forma of celebration which characterizes that day. nut mure vivid than any flash of ora lory, dlaplay of fireworks or patriotic visit to that auction of parudo la tba National muaruin lit Washington, Woodtn Canteen, Insignia, fthee I). C, where ara preserved many not Buckles ef Charlsa Carrollton, and a abi I u ltra of tba War of 1771 Pair of Pistole Used In the Revoluto of lives nomadic People lending War. day run scarcely realize that drllrata tionary that lacra of and garments coatly Maryland lino of tho Continental army period of 1S7 years ago hava been at the Hattie of Rrooklyn Height are kept through ro many llfrtlmra with-ou- t treasured there. And a large metal Yet no tray, which has descended from father damage or destruction. room for doubt la left by tho authen to son since the Revolution, la tho tic documentary evidence armunpany chief object of Interest la one of the lug these precious souvenir of that cases. This has a dull brown surface colonial struggle. against which a group of hand painted Not only la tha uniform of Gen. peaches still retain their red coloring. George Waahlngton to bo aeon hang' It was once used for eervlng refreshtag there In glaaa cao, but nearby. ment at an Important gathering of In a similar enclosure, la tha hand Continental officers near Concord, embroidered robe tha Father of Ilia Mass., when one of the big movement Country wore when being rhlratened. of a battle were planned out The buff of that full dreaa Continental And even the average person who uniform la aa apotleaa aa a hen tha falls to thrill over Inanimate objects dignified ealdlrr 'wore It with aurh cen scarcely look unmoved at a woodgrace, and the blue of the coat lacka en "canteen which Is on of the even a auggeatlon of being faded. humbleat exhibits In the display. It Gaalng at It In tha position of promt was the property of John Paulding Deuce It occupies at one end of the one of the trio which captured Major old tmiaeum, one can picture In mem' Andre, of the Krltlsh army. or y the many atlrrlug acenea and About the oldest garment In the sem sphr.tlid ceremonies through which tlon of the museum given over to such that costume haa paaaed. And auch war relics Is a vividly red coat. Ita maVrlel evidence of the Revolution collar and cuffs and Inset waistcoat inaUi It eccm far more real than are of the brilliant yellow, or, deep couM any achool hlatory or anecdota buff. It la lavishly ornamented with A temlnder of daya when tlmea silver braid and trimmed with allver were hard la a sturdy trunk-ahapebuttons and Is, altogether, auch a camp-ches- t used throughout the at rug gaudy, conspicuous affair that a gle by George Washington. It con- modern young man would rather face tains numerous tiny compartments a regiment than wear It abroad. and each knife, fork, spoon, medicine Ha flrst owner, Capt. Ell Dagworthy, bottle, cup, glaaa and flask la dis- did both, appearing In tt aa an officer played Intact. Even the pewter dlshee In the French and Indian wars prior ho ate from and had hls cooking done to the Revolution. He waa ' elder In are arranged about the chest and. brother of a Dagworthy who became most suggestive of the whole home- an officer In the Continental army and ly outfit, la hls little bread toaster also won distinction, ltut It le not perched on one end of tbechest aa If recorded that be could ever be disawaiting a long lire less hand to lirt suaded from the fascination of hla It Into t lace. "red coat." S'lgip-sllve- , somehow, of melancholy event, igu is the large brass candlestick end reflector used by General nm" iut tut minTt Washington In hla tent and wherever V '1 he happened to be quartered during STN0V3u(icve the Revolution. A perpendicular brass VONT riC UNUSS MID UfOH tUT If Tmv MAS f KAVt AW rod, with heavy round base, eupporta him UT IT Sl two bratchea and back of them rises J the pol'nhed reflector. Dy the light lj)i from tapers In thle holder the future first president pored over wearisome FLAG MADE BY WASHINGTON plans for outwitting a powerful foe. Also, Its rays fell athwart the paper Banner Adopted From Hie Family on whlca he wrote Me farewell ad Floated Over Hls dress to the army. Afterward It was Headquarters. a cherished object at Mount Vernon and la la a collection Including the History records the fact that, at general's arm chair and such relics. the signing of the Declaration of InHU leather letter case U well pre- dependence, Cbarlea Carrol added to served and proves one of the most hls name the words, "of Carrollton." Interesting bite of the collection to so that he, the signer, might be easily visitors. distinguished from all. of the other Aside from anything appertaining to Carrolls In America. Charles Carroll Washington, perhaps the most notable has been commended for hls personal Revolutionary relic la the famous John courage, and very propertly, too.. Paul Jones flag. This haa long been - Rut George Washington ante-datea source of controversy among stm him In a display of personal responsP dents of hlatory, some of whom claim blllty In that great struggle. Wash-IngtoIt' U the aame tattered emblem of took hls family liberty which floated from the flagstaff which consisted of three bars runof the famous Don Homme Richard, ning across the escutcheon and three while others Insist the material of stars in tho upper portion, and of that which It Is made was manufactured at he evolved our national emblem. a later period, With splendid courage and defiance The National museum authorities he took hls heraldic family design and have inude no attempt to prove or con caused to be made a flag with 13 tradlct Ira genulnenesa. Out placed stripes, representing the 13 colonies. Instead of using the stars of bis crest he set on the blue ground the cross of St. Andrew and St. George. This original flag, made of hls family lie floated over hls headquarters. Thus, ou January 2, 1776, George Washington promulgated hli Declaration of IndepenIndividual dence and this was followed on July 2, 17x6, by the official declaration of ths United States. The British soldiers, when they saw that flag, Imagined that It was a token of submission ta had just Crude Cannon Ball and Piatol From a the king, whose proclamation been promulgated. Very soon they Battlefield. Ravolutlonary discovered their error. The British Register of 1776 says: conspicuously beside the much worn homemade flag, whose stars are The rebels burnt the kings speech sewed ou with big, coarse stitches, Is and changed their colors from a plain an autographed letter Btatlng that the red ground to a flag with 13 stripes as a symbol of their union of 13 flag la what It la claimed to be. This yellow and aged, yet easily de- colonies. ciphered. letted waa written by the chairman of the Marine committee of SQUIBS AND CRACKERS tho Continental congress to Lieut. A man may exhibit a broad flag and James Ilayard Stafford In 17S4. lie was an officer in the United still be a poor patriot. States navy during the Revolution and If a roan Is honest there Is no need displayed great courage and valor In helping to rescue the crew from Paul to worry about his patriotism. Jones ship. The letter states that bn A dog hiding' under a shed Is a Is also to have a cutlass and musket as mementos of the naval battle and poor sign of a Glorious Fourth. these are shown with the flag. As well kept .and Next to & beautiful girl, the Ameriglittering as .though they bad never done work any can flag Is the prettiest thing In ths world. tnore deadly than xeposing In a "case are the various service swords worn by officers Every man ought to be proud of hls and men of the Revolution. Full country, and no man should he toe dress swords, with handsome costly proud to work for it. t ty. and drove the enemy off with loss. Lee was the son of Washingtons famed "Lowland Beauty, and the general was already deeply Interested In the young man. For the deed of gallantry he obtained Lees promotion. Washington's own quarters were at first In a tent or marquee, which Is at present In the Valley Forge museum In a good state of preservation, for Americans had not then forgotten bow to make the things that would last. To Washingtons worries during this awful winter was added the miserable Conway cabal, a plot to remove him In ravor ot Gates. Little wonder that strong man though he was, Washington despaired ot earthly aid and turned to heaven for assistance. Isaac Potts was one day passing through a woods near headquarters when he heard a voice, and looking into a thicket discovered the general "on hls knees in the act of devotion to the Ruler of the universe. At the moment when Friend Potts, concealed by the trees, came up, Washington was Interceding for his beioved country. He utterly disclaimed all ability of hls own for this arduous conflict; he wept at the thought of that Irretrievable ruin which hls mistakes might bring on his country, and with the patriots pathos spreading the Interests of unborn millions before the eyes of Eternal Mercy, he Implored the aid of that arm which guides the starry host. As soon as the general had finished his devotions and had retired, Friend Potts returned to hls house and threw himself Into a chair by the side of his wife. Isaac, she said with tenderness, thee seems agitated: whats the matter? my dear, quoth he. if I appear agitated tis no more than what I am. I have seen this day what I shall never forget. Till now 1 have thought that a Christian and a soldier were characters Incompatible: but if George Washington be not a man of God, I am mistaken, and still more shall 1 be disappointed If God do not through him perform some great thing for this country. In all about three thousand men died In the camp, but the grave of only one is now known Lieutenant John Waterman, a brigade commit sary, died in April, and sojne one erected a roueh stone and cut on it the inscription: "J w 1778 A marble shaft, 50 feet high, was erected 11 years ago, by this grave, dedicated "To the Soldiers of Washingtons Army Who Sleep at Valley of other graves have been disFrge'j J26119 no others have been Identified. covered, .,Fe.a.rful 88 Wa8 the 9ufterln8 at Valley Force time spent there proved fruitful, thanks In arge measure to the arrival In cam 0f ck Augustus Henry Ferdinand von Steuben The ... , newcomer merits were In proportion to tt Yore bo si length of hls name. He had been as aid J" camp to Frederick the Great, the ablest eoldf Way of the day, and was thoroughly versed Is tt ting, science of war. He had proposed to coopt rspi that he enter the service as a volunteer. i eve dtfra.' the understanding that congress should sfort hls expenses. If the revolt failed, or hi servlt" That sottu proved unsatisfactory, he was to receiv more: otherwise, he was to be refunded the & 'ffled come he had given up (about three thoutand do tied n. 1 Jars a year) and properly remunerated HI Ir waa accepted, and Steuben reached Valley IW ndlclt Her o on February 23. the i The suffering of the troops and their lack The astonish , discipline and proper organization Steuben greatly. "I have Been," he wrote W lit o! A ci afterward, "a regiment consisting of 30 men.F a company of one corporal. . - W hd 0,t H be heme commissaries and quartermasters at that 0 than all the armies of Europe together." r be Hitherto five to eight thousand niusketi h invent, been lost yearly through discharged soldiers David rylng them home as souvenirs. out tl The loss of bayonets was still greater. iy ho American soldier, never having used this & degti had no faith in It, and never used It only to fs e slei hls beefBteak, and. Indeed, often left It si u In With regard to their military discipline Stent o hli found no such thing existed. Or. o In spite of Jealousy on the part of someot own other officers, Steuben accomplished W0B.,.I fcly I mu8 The next year not more than a score of Ion ii were lost Instead of thousands. Steuben t fo drill sergeant and Introduced a discipline uc the troops had never known. Rising 8t lhreL nceml the c the morn'ng, he would drink a cup of Ogden smoke & pipe, and then ride to the parade r" server for a hard days labor. Hls enthuslaBm.pIL "Ian c contagious, and the whole camp fell t0 hs The army was greatly cheered In AP y ionehuo news that France, long Americas secret slif d at last decided openly to cuter the llf B the niiai a favor. "I believe no event was ever recelvel J, f iioken more heartfelt Joy," wrote Washington. feper v was set apart for gratefully acknowledge the r Divine Goodness, and celebrating the I! of 11 oath event, which we owe to IIIb benign lnterpo8 By Washingtons orders the whole army P ace salutes were fired from both artillery an iinced irf o. arms, and the troops cheered lustily tor of France, "the friendly European powr Suffer! "the American Btates." w ithout 8, Not less joyful to the waiting army inmai newB brought to Valley Forge on June lB it Lak . the British had evacuated Philadelphia. ,t a 8 months of suffering and discouragement "r of t last borne fruit. By their patriotic Washington and hls men had held .,.. s 'iss m check until better days dawned. By bo few da w gether during those awful winter days :'3t poh preserved the revolution. txasblnf east A large which of land the upon part helj tons troops Bhivered, starved, and died. -- t, 8 of t todky by the state of Pennsylvania, a0 won care Is devoted to preserving the fort jjeif k. the old bake ovens, and other relics of ta orable winter. (11, |