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Show SOUTH CACHE COURIER- - HYRUM. UTAH Wooden Toys That Are Easy to Mafe AUTHENTIC EARLY AMERICAN Make By ELMO SCOTT WATSON HEAD a Sunday morning three years ago that war came again to the United States. The story of that day of infamy, when Japan made her sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, is too fresh in the minds of all Americans to need retelling here. But how many of us know of those other tragic days when were made the fateful decisions which meant that more American lives were to be sacrificed on the altar of Mars? This article is a page from the past which tells how war came to America in other years before 1941. "toddlebike WAS on Musicians Are the Funniest People: Adelina Patti asked $100,000 for I certain three-mont- h tour. But, ob Jected an Impresario, thats mor the President gets!" . . . , than Well, shrugged the diva, ther get the President. . . . Liszt was a character who wore the same kind 'of clothes whether the weather was I never, h rainy or fair. ' declared, take notice of that whicl . . . Hande' i takes no notice of me. composed so fast, they say, that th Ink on the top of the page of his manuscript had not dried by the time he reached the bottom. . . . Another gag of the day: Do yoi like Brahms? I dont know. What are they? Aftei . .' . Strauss what? an English joun The first war which we, as a naFor on tion, waged was an undeclared nalist once queried. thing, music oracle Leonard Leib war, that is to say, there was ling noted, the critics. never any formal declaration of war. As a matter of fact, wb werent A journalist objected to the 7 a. even a nation when it started. m. piano playing in the room nexl The American Revolution began to his in a Milan hotel. Do you as a rebellion the revolt of the Engalways allow that?' he asked. . . . lish colonies in America against Not as a rule, they told him, their mother country, England. It but we make an exception with continued as a rebellion and as a Mr. Verdi. It was the late civil war Patriots against the Alexander Woollcott who deflated a Loyalists and the regularly constifamous soprano boasting of her ex- tuted authorities for nearly a year ecution of an aria she described as before we became a nation. For the difficult. . . . Difficult! groaned United States of America did not Woollcott. I wish it had been im- come into existence until July 4, At a Peabody con- 1776, when the Declaration of Indepossible! cert President Grant once observed: pendence was adopted. I know only two tunes. One is In the meantime there had been Yankee Doodle and the other fighting and bloodshed at LexingIsnt. ton on April 19, 1775; at Concord, fired the shot heard where was on the same When Rossini heard Wagners round the world, Lohengrin for the first time, day; at Bunker Hill on June 17 and he said: One cannot judge a at Quebec in December. For six war work upon a single hearing undeclared this years and I have no intention of heardragged on until, at last, the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown on ing this a second time. . . . A German critic once wrote that October 19, 1781, meant that the inWagner was a good musician, dependence, declared five years but he left behind the Wagner-Ite- s, earlier, was an accomplished fact. which was most nnkind of However, this didnt mean the him. . . . In order to comend of the war, which was destined it is to last for nearly two years more. It pose, said Schumann, wasnt until November 30, 1782, that just enough to remember a tune which nobody else has thought the preliminary articles of peace of. . . . When Albert Spaulding between Great Britain and the toured through the West one United States were signed in Winter, he told a theater manParis; two more months were to ager that his violin was 200 elapse before articles proclaiming years old. . . . Dont say anythe cessation of hostilities between thing about it, replied the imthe two nations were signed on Janupresario, and maybe the audiary 20, 1783; and it wasnt until ence wont know the difference. September 3, 1783, that the definitive treaty of peace was signed in Paris. Paderewski, when still quite un- Thus this undeclared war had known, went to London armed with lasted for eight years, four months letters of introduction to influential and fifteen days, making it the longBritishers. Dear Prince, one said, est in our history. . the bearer, Ignace Paderewski, is During the next 20 years we were a fiery young Pole and rather involved in two more undeclared charming when he doesnt play the wars, both of which brought fightpiano, for which he has little tal- ing and bloodshed. The first was ent. . . . Paderewski, unless a with our former ally, France, and press agent of the day is fooling us, was the result of the humiliation and once accosted a polo player with insults which our envoys in Paris the question: What is the differ- had suffered at the hands of the The other Directory and the attempt of Talleyence between us? You, shrugged. grinned Ignace, rand to blackmail us into buying are a good soul who plays polo. Frances friendship. Although there I am a good Pole who plays solo. was no formal declaration of war, . . . Grunfeld was caught by the Pres. John Adams ordered comfather of one of his pupils kissing merce with France stopped in 1798 the girL Is this, stormed the par- and our treaties with her abrogated. ent, what I am paying for? . . . Then our infant navy put to sea to No, replied the famous tutor, I prey upon French shipping and for do this free. the next 18 months there was considerable naval warfare, marked rt A young man approached by the victories of the frigate Conr. and asked him how to write stellation over French a symphony. Youre a very When Napoleon Bonaparte came to the composer young fellow, power, he immediately took steps told him, why not begin with a to stop the conflict and in Septemballad? . . . But, pouted the ber, 1800, a convention was signed youth, you composed symphoin Paris which ended this war. nies when you were ten. . . . Meanwhile American shipping, but I Yes, smiled Mozart, like that of other nations, had been . . . Dr. Samuel didnt ask-bosuffering from the raids of the BarJohnson admitted once he did bary pirates in the Mediterranean not care for music. But of all and, despite tribute paid to the noises, he added, I think mubey of Algiers, the pasha of Tripoli sic is the least disagreeable. and the bey of Tunis, American vesA young lady auditioned on sels were being seized and Amerithe piano for Rubinstein. can seamen held prisoners until What, she asked him at the ransomed. When Thomas Jefferson end of the selection, should I became president in 1801 he resolved do now? Snapped Rubinstein: to put an end to this early-da- y Get married! racket. The first two naval expeditions Chopin, whose life Columbia against the pirates failed but in 1803 brings to the screen in A Song to when Commodore Edward Preble could give more than sailed against the corsairs it was a Remember, He was a different story. the piano the finger. His expedition dinner guest in a Parisian home one against Tangiers, the daring attack night and, after the meal, was asked of Lieut. Stephen Decatur on Tripoli by the hostess to play some of his the next year and the combined nathe But, madame, compositions. val and military expedition I have eaten so lit- latter led by Gen. William Eaton said Chopin, . . . He once cracked to which captured Derna in 1805 broke tle! Liszt: I prefer not to play in pub- the power of the Barbary states lic; it unnerves me. You, if you and resulted in treaties which guarcannot charm the audience, can at anteed the future safety of Amerileast astonish them. . . . When can shipping in the Mediterranean. DePachman mislaid his false teeth The remainder of Jeffersons adsomeone appropriately observed: ministration was peaceful but by the His Bach is better than his bite. time James Madison entered the To a young pianist, Nellie White House, the second war with Melba remarked: You have talent, England was brewing. For the first presence, charm. All you need now time in our history there was a forto make a success is a nice hot mal declaration of war on June 18, scandaL 1812. For the first time, too, our ... ... grass! ft Mo-sa- men-of-wa- - ... ... Mascagni heard an organ grinder murdering an aria from his famous Cavalleria Rusticana and ran out of his house to show him the proper speed to crank out the melody. Next day the organ grinder carried a sign on the organ: Pupil of Mascagni . . . Liszt paid women 25 to faint at an appointed time . francs (a swoonster!). He would promptly and gallantly dash from his keyboard and pick up the swoonee. Once, a hired fainter forgot her cue and Liszt, very upset, swooned him-sel- f. ' aj SIXTY MILLION JOBS One of the most significant discussions affecting the postwar world and the 60,000,000 jobs promised by Roosevelt is now taking place bes. hind the scenes among top It involves the price which manufacturers can charge for peacetime consumer goods when they begin making them, as some companies will shortly. A certain amount of peacetime production already has been authorized by the War Production board, and to prevent inflation,' the OPA will set the price of these goods. This is where the backstage debate has waxed hot and vehement On one side have been Economic Stabilizer Judge Vinson, War Mobi-lizJimmy Byrnes and for a while, OPA Administrator Chester Bowles, all arguing that prices of civilian articles produced now must not rise above the prices paid for the same articles in 1942. On the other side are industry members of OPA, led by James Brownlee, formerly of Frankfort Distilleries, who argue that prices must be above 1942 in order to allow for increased wages and the higher cost of raw materials. They have worked out a. substitute formula based upon 1941 prices plus wage increases, plus the increased cost of raw materials, and they have now sold this formula to Bowles, despite his former speeches for the 1942 price base. Judge Vinson, however, points out that increased wage and raw material costs in many cases have debeen nullified by labor-savin- g vices. Most striking example of this was in the OPA study of the steel industry, showing that, despite increased wages, the cost of producing steel had decreased 9 per cent per unit since 1942. Another factor influencing Stabilizer Vinson is the fact that 85 per cent of the goods in- -' volved are produced by only 18 companies. Incidentally, Vinson is supported by General Electrics Charley Wilson, formerly of the War Production board, who says that GE will sell its refrigerators and washing machines at pre-wprices. To do otherwise, he says, is shallow, passive thinking. Finally, Vinson, Byrnes and other administration leaders are beginning to lay the economic groundwork for the 60,000,000 jobs which Roosevelt promised after the war. And they are absolutely convinced that, ,in order to have a big consumer demand, there must be low prices, which in turn will keep factory wheels turning and men employed. The principle of high prices and scarcity, they argue, will mean fewer jobs and depression. At Gad m d Or d Wadaataa ' Stf d juwaiy, me tlwmnd nine LmmAai aod farthest JOINT RESOLUTION a dal f nr brtwi the Imperial Gomnnl Dniaring that I Japaa and tlw ftinrrrminit and th popl of U admin-istrationite- Uaitad fkataa m and Making prorwinm. to piwanue tho I ha Iaiperiai Gnrrmnifnt of Japan haa committed onpro- i roknl acta of war again tha Government and tha ptapb of 111 fnittd Stair of America : Tlierrfor be it Tknu t BapratamtaBna f Ua I'm Shi Slain af Amtrira m Canyrna auemilri. That tha data of war bUwam tha United Suit and tha Imperial Oarcnuneat c Japan which ha I hut been thrust upon tha United State fa hereby Knabri hy Ur Senata mi Bon af t formally declared; and tin President ia hereby anthonxed and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces af the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war again, tlia Imperial Government af Japan; and, to bring tha conflict to a er suceeeaful termination, all of tha resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States. aXfclf. 0 ( Co(-U-J Via Prttidmt of the Vmitai Stataa.aai Preaiiamt af tka Bemota, iV origin in American sympathy for the Cuban patriots who for several years had been trying to throw' off Spanish rule but it is doubtful if there would have been a war had it not been for the event which took place in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898. That event was the explosion and sinking of the U. S. S. Maine. The excitement over this resulted in diplomatic relations between Spain and the United States being broken on April 21 and the declaration of a blockade of Cuba the .next day. Her "national honor thus assailed, Spain declared war on April 24 and our declaration followed the next day. The overwhelming victories won by our navy at Manila and at Santiago and by our army in the land fighting' in Cuba soon demonstrated what the iifevitable outcome of the war would be. So on August 12 .a peace protocol was signed and hostilities ceased after 100 days of fighting. The war, however, did not end officially until December 10 when the peace treaty 7 was signed in Paris. Although the period of actual combat by our fighting men was relatively short (one year and 15 days), World War I was our second longest war with a foreign power. Here is the sequence of events to validate that statement: shores were invaded by a hostile force and on August 24, 1814, Americans suffered the humiliation of seeing the capital of their nation in the hands of the enemy and the home of their president in flames. Despite this disaster which came as the climax of other defeats on land offset, however, by many a America brilliant victory at sea continued the struggle which ended on December 24 of that year when the treaty of peace was signed in Ghent, Belgium, by representatives of the two belligerents. This war had lasted two years, six months and six days. The next war with a foreign power was even shorter than the War of 1812. When the United States annexed Texas in 1845, Mexico (from whom Texas had won her independence nine years earlier) regarded this as a hostile act. There was a series of incidents down on the Rio Grande and Pres. James K. . On APRIL 2, Wilson Pres. 1917 Woodrow reads his war message to congress. Polk asked congress for a declaration of war. It came on May 13, 1846, and 10 days later Mexico declared war on the United States. Hostilities began soon afterwards, our armies under General Taylor and General Scott invaded Mexico and within a little more than a year (September 14, 1847) they had captured the Mexican capital. The war ended with the signing of a treaty of one peace on February 2, 1848 and months twenty days eight year, after it began. The next war in which we enundeclared gaged was another war for, like its predecessor, it was a "rebellion and a civil war. Just when the War Between the States began is a matter of definition. The usual view is that it was April 12, 1861, when Confederate batteries in Charleston, S. C., fired on Fort Sumter and the Union troops in that fortification fired back. At any rate, it was this act which prompted President Lincoln three days later to call for volunteers to and "suppress the insurrection which resulted in four years of the hardest and bloodiest fighting the world had ever known up to that time. Just as this war had no "official beginning, so it had no official ending. But the surrender of Lee on April 9, 1865, sounded the death knell of the Confederacy and organized resistance by the men in x gray ended. From Sumter to it was four years minus three days. Shortest of all our wars with a foreign power was the War with Spain in 1898. It had its Appa-matto- 100-Da- THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, APRIL 19, Alter an engraving irrtAtmha ( Btui mi htU ... ... A HOBBY HORSE 1775 two Continental militiamen who were in the battle. . v : February 1, use ACTUAL SIZE PATTERN TO AND STENCIL ALSO AS A GUIDE FOR ASSEMBLING probably have odds you ends on hand right now and that would make this dashing hors You dont need an elaborate work shop. A compass saw from tha five and dime will do to cut out this horses head; and you dont have to be an artist to paint it with a professional flourish when you use the stencil and color guide offered. The broomstick horse will delight any toddler. If you are more ambitious you can cut out wheels and saddle and put a real toddle bike together with bolts, a few nails and screws. NOTE Pattern 257 gives actual-siznat tern for horses head and all parts 01 toddle bike. A stencil or tracing desien and color guide are included; alse uim trated directions for as sembling. Your name, address, patters number and 15 cents will bring you this pattern. Address: e p MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS New York Bedford Hills Drawer Enclose 15 10 cents for PatternNo.257, Name Address.. Eco-fiom- ic ar 1917, Germany began unrestricted submarine warfare and as a result we broke diplomatic relations with her two days later. On April 6 congress declared war on Germany and on June 26 the first American troops landed irf France. However, it was not until October 27, 1917, that American sol diers fired their first shots at the enemy. Hostilities ended on November 11, 1918 one year and fifteen days after they bad begun on October 27 of the previous year. The cessation of hostilities on Armistice Day did not mean the official nd of the war. The treaty at Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, but when it came up for ratification by the senate on November 19 it was rejected. That meant that, officially, we were still at war with Germany. It was not until July 2, 1921, that President Harding signed a joint resolution of congress (passed by the house on June 30 and by the senate on July 1) declaring peace with Germany. On August 25 a peace treaty was signed in Berlin by representatives of the United States and Germany. This was ratified by the German national council on September 17 and by the United States senate on October 18. Then, and not until then, was the war between these two countries offour years, six ficially ended months and twelve days after the American declaration of war back in 1917. As for World War II, it began officially for the United States os December 7, 1941, when Japan declared war against the United States and Great Britain and before the declaration reached Washington bj air or cable, made an attack on Hawaii, the Philippines and othei American possessions in the Pacific. Our declaration of war followed the next day. Four days later German; ar.d Italy declared war on the Unitec States and on the same day congress, in joint session, issued out declaration of war against those twe nations. On that fateful spring morning, when the advance guard of British soldiers, sent by General Gage to destroy the stores which the Americans had collected at Concord, reached Lexington, they found nearly 200 armed provincials drawn up in battle array on the village green. cried Disperse, ye rebels! Major Pitcairn, but the embattled Minute Men stood fast. Then a shot was fired whether by British soldier or Minute Man is still undecided and the fight which opened the Revolution began. I' BOARD GOP PLANS FOR 48 Despite discouragement over Deweys defeat, GOP leaders already are laying plans for 1948. First step will be further revitalization of Republican headquarters, enlistment of staff to pep up party a cracker-jac- k machinery. Herbert Chairman Republican Brownell, who has been resting in Arizona, wants to resign, will call a national committee, meeting shortly after the first of the year which promises to be turbulent Several factions will be gunning for Dewey, may try to seize control of the party machinery, set the stage for Stas-se-n in 48. One key man in the GOP set-u- p is shrewd, popular publicist Lee Chesley, who joined the campaign late, is now in charge of national committee publicity. Chesley, one of the brightest press agents on the Washington scene, is anxious to slug it out toe to toe with Democratic publicist Paul Porter. Ches-ley- s Washington predecessor, Carlisle Bargeron, handled publicity for the powerful Pennsylvania GOP machine during the campaign, and plans to continue working for Boss Joe Pew now that the balloting is over. post-electi- ft CAPITAL CHAFF The treasury department had two war films ready to show the public in the war bond drive, calculated to bring the war really home to the American people. One showed a sailor on a stricken, vessel, his clothes aflame, desperately trying to put the flames out. The other was a close-u- p film of a soldier on the battlefield dying. When the films were shown to OWI, it not only ordered that they not be shown to the public, but that the films be destroyed. C, Newly elected Sen. Cowboy Glen Taylor of Idaho is first cousin to sphinxlike Harold Dixon Young, who steers Vice President Wallaces political fortunes. C, The White House got a terrific barrage from the senate when word leaked out that two Jesse Jones henchmen, plus one disciple of Democratic treasurer Ed Pauley, were to be appointed to the three-maSurplus War Property board. Sena tor Murray of Montana wired the President that he was shocked at the proposed ' appointments and would do his best to block them, fl. Biggest crowds in the halls of the Pentagon building these days are officers hanging around vending machines, waiting for them to be filled with cigarettes. 4L n j i (Mcniit iVJft Ibriiti iHta (into Remember that Constipation can aay problems look hardl Constipation can undermine energy make and confidence. Take Natures Remedy (NR Tablets). Contains no chemicals, no minerals, no phenol derivatives. NR Tablets are different act different. Purely vegetable combination of 10 vegetable ingredients formulated over 60 years ago. 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