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Show SOUTH CACHE COURIER OUSENQLD Benefits of Social Security Could Be Extended to HITSi Farm Owners and Their Employees, Officials Say All Difficulties of Things I Never Knew About the White House: Administration Can Truly a product of the melting pot Is the White House . . . Charles Pierre LEnfant, a Frenchman, chose the site , . . Jame Hoban, a Dublin Irishman, designed and built It . . . Whites and Negroes representing 11 different countries had a hand in its construction. Be Smoothed Out Wages today are high, and jobs plentiful, and there is a ready market for all farm produce and manufactured goods. Most people probably realize, however, that the present prosperity is a result of the war, and that a downturn is almost certain to come with peace. There may be no depression, at least not for It cost the govt just $50, the price of a gold medal, to have the White House designed . . . Congress sponsored a national contest for the design. Hoban won it . . . The prize was either the $50 medal or $500 in cash. Hoban patriotically chose the In his 42 years of subsemedal quent work In Washington, Hoban never designed another building. ... several years, but the present very high level of activity is not likely to be maintained. But in any case, there comes a time In everyones life when he has to slow down. Whatever stage the business cycle is in, those who paint, from which the mansion gets are unable to work get no income. its name, have effectively concealed Everyone who has to make his own it from sight and knowledge . . . living must be somewhat concerned Part of the money for building It about the future. came from lotteries. A very large group of wage and earners have found a partial salary George Washington, who helped answer to these troublesome quessupervise the construction of the tions. They are the workers in priWhite House until the week of his vate industry and commerce, those death, always referred to it as the in covered employment, Federal Palace or Mansion . . . to whom the e and survivors With typical modesty, which should insurance program of the Social be a lesson to some of the politicians Security act applies. These workers of our day, he never called the city are building up rights to monthly To of Washington by that name insurance payments when they grow him, whether in public or private, old and retire, and for their famiWashington was always the Federal lies, when death comes to the breadCity. winner. Others, not so fortunate, look strike is neither new upon the group that has social insurThe nor novel It was tried way back ance protection somewhat enviously. in 1800 by the crews working on the The Social Security board receives White House. They were ordered to many letters from the move out of the shacks on the White professional people, small busi- House grounds in which many lived with their families, so these unsightly structures could be razed . . . They refused because they had nowhere to move and staged the first sitdown strike in protest. No one today can tell where the cornerstone of the White House is placed. Successive layers of white old-ag- ... sit-do- ... ... Diplomats now consider WashIt ington the prize post wasnt so in the old days. Washington and particularly the site of the White House were considered so unhealthy the British govt decreed its representatives should be awarded additional It did pay for serving there not become the Whlte House officially until Theodore Roosevelt moved in. He ordered that simple name engraved on his official letterheads after it had been almost completely rebuilt. ... Young and strong, this Maryland farmer shouldnt need retirement benefit payments for many years The White House staff has to betray an never been known important secret . unless sickness or an accident should incapacitate him. But the time will come when he will be too old to work. During his good years, he should have a chance to accumulate a retirement fund through Social Security. His family too, should be protected under the survivors benefit provisions. Under present provisions however, (he farm family is excluded from the system. . . Woodrow Wilson, whose life is being dramatized on the screen by Darryl F. Zanuck under the title, Wilson,' inadvertently made known his decision to declare war on Germany to at least two members of the White House staff, but not a word leaked out in advance of the official declaration . . . Some members of the staff also knew of his plans to wed Edith Bolling Galt well in advance of the event but kept the secret well. ness men, gas station operators, keepers, operators of and pressing shops, of cleaning beauty parlors, and so on, wanting e to know why they cant get Gruff old Andrew Carnegie during They pay premiums for his lifetime saw to it that the White protection.their employees insurance, but House had plenty of Scotch, no mat- themselves cannot build up rights to ter who was President . . . Hed benefits. this discriminaWhy order it in kegs from Scotland and tion? they ask. We have no more have it sent directly to Washington than our employees. and the Chief Executive with his security Few From Farmers. compliments . . . President Wilson, seldom among these letters Very to refused the however, accept is there one from the Scotch, and Carnegie discontinued a farmer. Yet farmers have from the practice. fully as much reason to seek social insurance protection as others of Andrew Jackson, for sentimental the The notion that reasons, turned the White House farmers are an independent and around by putting the formal engroup is no longer trance on the north side, facing true. It is a hangover from earlier Pennsylvania Avenue. He wanted to times, when most farms were save his good friend, E. P. Blair, Today farmers are much some steps. Blair had built his more vulnerable. They have to buy house on the opposite side of the more and sell more; operating avenue to be near the President, and costs are higher, and falling prices Jackson reciprocated by putting the often mean serious losses. entrance that much closer for his Then too, sections differ as to boon friend. agricultural prosperity. North and are south, west and middle-weThe busiest phone in the White widely unlike, while in each there House is not the President's . . . are plenty of spots that present a j The chief usher gets many more quite different picture from the rest. calls because of the innumerable In 1939, the last year before the duties and functions which fall to f of the war boom, nearly him . . . Petty pilferings are farm operators in the country had higher at the White House than a gross annual money income yield in any other official building in (allowing for food consumed by the the world . . . Individuals high in farm family) of less than $600; public life have been known to had less than $1,000, and 89 filch knives, spoons and forks for cent had under $2,500. per souvenirs . . . Lesser fry will It is difficult for farm owners to grab anything for the same pursave much out of these small cash pose, even to snipping off tassels incomes. Even a farmer with an from draperies or cutting out average net income of $2,000 a year pieces of tapestry from chairs. finds it hard to put much aside for old age or misfortune. The constant All packages and gifts sent to the White House go automatically tc tiie White House garage 8 blocks away to be meticulously and scientifically examined against any attempt on the Chief Executives life . The White House has under, , gone innumerable changes and modifications and has been completely rebuilt twice. Tradition and circum- stances have given the White House practically a living personality. It is constantly being quoted in the newspapers as the White House says restaurant old-ag- st one-hal- two-thir- j demands for maintenance of fertility, repairs, buying machinery and livestock, and so on, all require cash, and there is often little left at the years end to build up a retirement fund. Often, when the farm operator has to quit work, his family is in difficult straits, and may have to depend on public aid or charity. The tenant farmer and the farm laborer generally are In worse circumstances than the man who owns his land, once they have to quit working. With little or no savings, the tenant and the farm hand who cannot earn anything are soon hard up indeed. They and their families suffer humiliation and want. War Changes Things. The war, of course, has made a great difference in the farmers situation. The incomes of many are double, in some cases treble, what they were before. But the war and perhaps our present prosperity is temporary. Farm people were left out of the' social insurance program not because they were thought to be already secure. The reason for excluding them was that in 1935 the program was new and the administrative hurdles looked very high. But now the Social Security boqrd e and suris convinced that vivors insurance can be administered for farm people simply, at low cost, and without being unduly troublesome to them. What would it mean to farm operators and farm hands to have this insurance? It would mean the same protection it means already to those who are under the system. A couple of examples will illustrate e the protection and survivors insurance offers. Back in 1936, when Harry J. was nearly 60, he got himself a job with a construction company. After eight years, he wanted to stop working and retire to his small place in the country. He hadnt felt he could do so, however, because he wasnt sure he could earn a living from farming his few acres. Upon inquiry he found that his monthly retirement payment would be about $27, since he had earned an average of $100 a month. His wife, who was also past 65, would get half that much; so that would make the family income over $40 every month, sufficient for their needs. Widow Got $79 a Month. Mr. C. was a newspaper linotype machine operator and had always earned high wages. He hoped to give all five children a good education. The two elder ones were attending the university. Suddenly Mr. C. got pneumonia and died within a week. The widow was left with three children still at school and no income save what Mary and Jean could earn by leaving school and taking jobs. She went to the Social Security field office, thinking that perhaps there would be a small lump sum going to her, probably be no more than a couple of hundred dollars. She was amazed to learn that she was entitled to monthly payments for herself and the three younger children! She received old-ag- X X Damp clothes well hung are half ironed, and a clean line keeps clothes clean. A splendid safeguard in the medicine cabinet is to place pins crossLETTER TO A LONELY MOTHER wise through the corks of any botTo a lonely mother with a son on tles which contain poison. A the beachhead in Normandy and pricked finger will be noticed even another in the Aleutians: in the dark! Dear Mrs. R.: I have your letter wondering why you should sacrifice Frosting Glass may be done the sons you so carefully taught not easily by simply painting the glass to hate or to hurt, on a bloody beach- with white lead and oil. This can head where every minute they must be painted on smooth, or given a hate and hurt in order to survive. stipple effect by twisting the You say that you write and tell brush. your sons that, after its over, life will be the same and well all be When painting around light happy, but that, deep in your heart, switch plates or similar metal suryou know it wont be, for there faces, coat such surfaces with will be more wars and more bloodvaseline before beginning and it shed all over again. will be easy to wipe off surplus Naturally you would expect a splashes. Washington, D. C. ' - 1 Many men are able to work even in old age, like this sturdy Florida farmer. He knows, nevertheless, that he will have to quit in a few years, or maybe much sooner. If he could anticipate a regular flow of Social Security checks he could face the future with much less concern. to the federal government. Together with the money he sends a report of the amount of wages paid the worker, to be duly entered in his social security account in Baltimore, Md. On the basis of these wage records, the insurance benefits are figured. Farmers Could be Protected. Could the system be applied to farm people? Farmers are scattered over a very wide area. Could the d and cynical newspaper man, trained to look under rocks for If you are baking a number of all the seamy side of official life, to pies and the last one wont quite agree with you that we will have fit into the oven, place a small more wars and that your boy on the deep lid or tin cup in the available Normandy beachhead is making his space and put your pie on it. This sacrifice in vain. But somehow or raises the pie above the others, other, I dont agree. Somehow or thus all may be baked at one time, other, I have a sneaking suspicion saving considerable fuel. that things are not going to be so bad, and that we may be able to prevent your sons son from doing what his father ha to do in Normandy. Maybe I am too much of an optimist, but it seems to me, looking back, that we made a lot of progress Fish in Desert toward permanent peace between wells 300 feet deep from Water the last war and this. In the end, we have fish to the surface of brought failed. But there are a lot of things the Sahara desert. It is presumed you do that fail the first time, or have traveled through undereven several times, before you they streams. ground finally make the grade. Kelloggs Dream of Peace. One of these tries which failed was the Kellogg Treaty to outlaw war. Old Frank B. Kellogg, who wrote that treaty, was just an ordinary American citizen from Minnesota, not much different from the rest of us. He was Coolidges secretary of state, and not a very brilliant one. King HeraldslMa!eQuarte But he had one great dream to outFREE! Aorffe liW CWMpMrfMW J Cf law war. jotncuei- - coma pmtoiA imiui And he kept pecking away at it, KEUB KOVO KUTA and hammering the idea home on KVNTJ KLO EDO KTFI of the unwilling XOB KOH xsn governments Europe, until the people of Europe New pa per Logs Show Other Station were too strong for their govern(Uir.4-f.trb III ments, and they just had to sign the Kellogg Pact. I was with Kellogg when he sailed to Europe to sign his pact, stood with him in the Quai dOrsay in Paris when, with a great gold pen ABOUT given him by the people of Le Havre (a city now under bombardment), he scratched his signature to the document which carried the hopes and prayers of millions. Of course, many of the diplomats who also used that golden pen on Latest government figures that hot August afternoon in 1928 show that 80 per cent of the had no sympathy with the hopes nation's war workers travel and ideals of the people they repreto and from their war jobs by sented among them, Count Uchida, automobile. Still an important whose imperturbable face gave no reason why available tires hint that four years later he, as forhave to be distributed caueign minister of Japan, would be tiously. snapping his fingers at the treaty he B. F. Goodrich has created and is had signed. now beginning to produce an imCynical newsmen watching the synthetic proved general-purpoceremony remarked that this would rubber, the details of which must of of the case be another League remain confidentia I until after tho Nations an instrument of peace dewar. Introduction of a certain vised by the United States but which .abundant natural material has dethe United States would abandon. veloped a synthetic rubber that approaches natural rubber in There, however, they were wrong. characteristics during processing Frank B. Kellogg, of course, was and has proven superior In larqe ahead of his time. But so were most truck tires. of our great leaders Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln. The history of progress is a constant succession of men who are ahead of their time. WWjtW(jw!j"jjii'"r''' Stlmsons Fight Against War. However, it did not fail until it had been used and almost successfully by another man also ahead of his time, the man who succeeded hard-boile- premiums be collected without the costs of administration mounting unduly high, considering the small amounts paid in? And how would farmers figure out what their premiums ought to be, seeing that lots of them dont keep any books?! The Social Security board is confident that the extension of the old-ag- e and survivors insurance system to farm people is now feasible. Ways have been devised to overcome the difficulties. As a basis for determining farmers social insurance premiums, the reports they pre already making to the government for income tax and other purposes can be used. For the farmer who is not required to file income tax returns, would figure his income on the basis of the estimated market value of his services." In doing this he could guide himself by the wages received by his highest paid farm hand. If he employs no labor, the monthly wage rate for farm labor in his locality would serve. Farmers could pay their premiums at times most convenient for themselves. Some might find it convenient to pay a lump sum annually, and others might prefer to pay in four annual quarterly installments. e farmers could pay their insurance in social premiums stamps if they chose. They would buy these currently and put them in a social security stamp book which could be turned in from time to time as payment toward their premiums. Collections Through Stamps. For farm help, the stamp method might be best, the board thinks. The farmer could buy social insurance stamps from any post office or rural letter carrier, and insert them in the stamp books furnished him by his workers when he paid their wages. Half the cost of the stamps would be deducted from the workers wages as his social security premium. When the workers book was full, or at the end of its period of validity, he would bring or mail it to any office of the board so that it could be added to his record. With the stamp system the small farmer would find it unnecessary to keep books or file reports about the wages of his paid help. On the large farm the stamp method or A midwestern farmer smiles with could be used for temporary satisfaction as he reads the figures casual workers not carried on the on a check received for his produce. regular pay rolL Wages paid in the Agricultural income is now two to form of room and board and the three times the 1939 level, but this like might be included in the workers total wage, and the value set happy situation wont last, economists warn. Unless this middle-age- d on them could be based on data man is fortunate, however, his gathered and published from time savings will dwindle away, and he to time by the department of agriculture. will face old age without security. Farm people have every claim to e and about $79 a month under the be included under the old-ag- e and survivors insurance program! survivors insurance program. Their Mrs. C. is one of 765,000 persons claim is all the stronger-becausworkers past 65, their aged wives, many of them are already partly under the system. In the wintertime, widow's, and children and dependfor farm ent parents who today are receiv- or in other ing monthly payments on account of work, many farm people work in e and survivors- insurance. To industry and pay premiums on so--, date the system has paid out nearly cial insurance. In a lifetime, their half a billion dollars. payments amount to substantia) e The mechanics of and sur- sums. And yet very few people ever vivors insurance are simple. Every get benefits because they dont work pay day every worker in a covered in covered employment long enough job pays, under present rates. 1 per or often enough to qualify for the cent of his wages as a premium on monthly payments. The inclusion ol e and survivors insurance. farm people under the program his This is deducted from his pay by would at once both rectify the inhis employer, who pays an equal justice to these workers and plug sum. Four times a year the em- a big gap in the social security ployer sends both contributions in program. Henry L. Stimson, secretary of state iinder Hoover, was one of the few men in high position who then saw clearly signs of approaching wars, and who figured that, if the world could head off the minor wars in the Chaco between Paraguay and Bolivia, in Siberia between Russia and China, and in Manchuria between Japan and China, then we could build up a machinery of peace strong enough to head off the major war which he knew was coming on the continent of Europe. His greatest effort was to mobilize the peace machinery of1 the world against Japan in Manchuria. And he almost made it. That he failed was due to an isolationist revolt inside his own Hoover cabinet, plus the undercutting of British imperialists who put their own selfish empire ahead of world peace. I was with Mr. Stimson during part of that trying time. I know how heroically he labored. Three times in all, he went to Europe determined to hew out new machinery for peace. (Left) An elderly woman cashes her old age insurance check in a New York bank. Since February 1, 1940, persons over 65 are eligible to the benefits of Social receive Security payments, even though they have worked only a short time under the system and have contributed little to the fund. (Right) This New York couple was the first to apply for monthly payments to which they were entitled under the Social Security system. The checks began to flow out In 1940. Capt. Dan T. Moore, Washington Thanks for the gentle reminder spelled backwards is that . Pvt. Gordon Lange, . Camp Grant, 111. Other names for General Donovans office of strategic services are: Oh So Secret, Office of Synthetic Soldiers and Its The Cloak and Dagger Club. job deals largely with highly secret intelligence, some of it behind the enemy lines. Tradition is that, to get in, you have to be a Republican. though a few lonely Democrats have been admitted. old-ag- Low-incom- old-ag- e old-ag- - old-ag- old-ag- g SNAPPY FACTS RUBBER . se Kellogg. MAIL BAG Invest in Liberty 'fa "fa 'fa Buy War Bonds A Dab a Day keeps P.O. away! CUnderarm Perspiration Odor) A $ . r L x Y0D0RI1 CEODORROT CRERR1 isnt stiff or sticky! Soft i spreads like face cream. is actually soothingl Use right after shaving will not irritate. has light, pleasant scentNo sickly smell to cling to fingers or clothing, will not spoil delicate fabrics. Yet tests in the tropics made by nurses prove that Yodora protects under try. ing conditions. In fubei or ion, JOc, 25c, 60c McKettoo i . Bobbins, Inc Bridgeport, i f y Conn. |