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Show SOUTH CACHE COURIER How America Treats Axis War Prisoners In Concentration Camps Throughout U. S. U. S. Officers Teach Chinese Modem Warfare Good Treatment Pays Dividends To Captor Nations of WHAT is ouroftreatment war? Are officers overpaid? Do they have to work? These and many other questions are being asked as the total of Axis prisoners mounts. As a matter of fact, the prisoner problem has become a real one since the mass surrender of Italians in Tunisia. After Sicily capitulated, Gen. Pictured here are some of the 2,000 German prisoners of war who Eisenhower had on his hand's are housed at Camp Breckenridge, Ky. They are marching to the mess the staggering total of 135,000 hail. German prisoners are closely guarded at ail times, for, unlike the Axis prisoners. Quite a job Italians, they refuse to play ball and are confidently arrogant. Most of them are glad to work to relieve the boredom of inactivity. for any mans army! While it is true that prisonWhile the Japanese government closer to the heart of the Japanese ers are enemies of this coun- tentatively agreed to certain propos- empire day by day. The bulk of the work done by Axis als from this country with regard to try, and many have been di- the in the United States is agricaptives attreatment of their rectly responsible for the loss titude has been prisoners, This field, of course, ofcultural far from satisfacof American lives, they canfers the least opportunity for saboshootA was case in the not be treated entirely as ene- tory.of the U. S. point tage. When captives engage in this fliers who bombed work ing they do not in any sense commies, but must be treated as Tokyo with General Doolittles with native labor, but are simpete soldiers rather than as crim- squadron which took off from Shan-g- ply supplementary to it Farmers La (aircraft carrier, Hornet) and arrange with their county farm inals, always with this thought in the background the treat- who had the extreme misfortune of agent for the employment of prisoneither being shot out of the skies or ers. The number is usually small ment we accord enemy cap- forced down for other reasons. These and the prisoners are scattered over tives will, in some measure at prisoners, it was later announced by wide areas, thus removing from this least, determine the kind of the Japs, were shot, contrary to all practice all element of hazard. ' treatment given American the rules of war, as a deterrent to Generally speaking, Axis prisonsoldiers who have been un- other American fliers who might en- ers, with the exception of the Jap, gage in the bombing of Japan. This of whom we have only a very small fortunate enough to fall into violation of the international rules number, are a contented lot. They enemy hands. of war has not, however, worked, have better food, clothing and shelThere are at least two other and Japan may well tremble in its ter than they had under the Nazi reasons for the good treat- boots for the day of reckoning which banner; in a certain sense they have ment of prisoners, aside from is drawing closer with each dawn. more liberties, and for them the humanitarian considerations, Bombing perimeters are drawing war is over. one based upon a treaty made at Geneva on July 27, 1929, More Gifts for Overseas Servicemen and the other a purely psyBased on increasing demand for purchases of more available items chological one, namely, that gift items it is estimated that over- will more than offset these. ri and underfed seas servicemen and women will receive 20 per cent more Christmas presents per capita this year than last, and the home folks may expect an even larger percentage of reciprocal gifts, mostly of the luxury and sentimental type. This forecast Geneva Conference. At the Geneva Convention, which was made by John C. Goodall, genwas ratified by 37 countries (which, eral manager of the Merchandise by the way, did not include either Mart, Chicago, following a checkup Japan or Russia) certain rules on among gift item manufacturers and treatment and behavior were formu- distributors, including those who sell lated. Under the provisions of the Geneva Conference soldier prisoners are required to work, but officers are not. The amount of time a prisoner must work is based on the number of hours put in by free labor in the adjoining territory, and one day a week is to be a day of rest Food and clothing must be provided by the detaining army. Occupational classification is determined by the prisoners physical makeup. For instance, the prisoner who was formerly engaged as a clerk or teacher should not be put at hard labor. This provision, however, has been largely ignored in Axis countries, where many a scholarly soldier grinds out a day that taxes his strength sorely. In every concentration camp many different crafts and trades are plied by the prisoners, but in no case do they work on projects diErnest J. Kreutgen, Chicago postrectly connected with the war ef- master, (left) explains to George fort, as a precaution against saboMcCarthy, foreman in charge of tage. foreign mail, how packages should Payment for labor is at the rate be wrapped and addressed to get of 80 cents a day for the ordinary favored delivery service to men in soldier, here in the United States, the'armed forces overseas. where we have some 70,000 Axis prisoners scattered throughout the to retailers and army and navy post country in 22 camps. The rate of exchanges. pay for officers ranges from $20 a Reasons given for the expected inmonth to $40 a month. Officers who crease in the number of gifts sent have been assigned no work get paid this overseas are: year anyway, at the regular scale. 1. The moved-uofficial mailing At some of the camps prisoners date, September 15 to October 15, are kept within by double barbed wire enclosures. Armed guards pace extended to November 1, for those back and forth outside to make sure in the navy, marine corps and coast guard, will stimulate early shopping, that all is well. and the five pound limitation on gift Fed Army Rations. means more will be sent. packages Prisoners in the tJ. S. army 2. More stores have installed specamps are fed the regular army field cial gift counters or departments rations. In this respect they fare means more display, adverwhich Wain-wrigmuch better than General and his gallant band of de- tising, and sales. 3. The home folks are now better fenders who laid down their arms on Corregidor only after food and advised on the gift preferences of water supplies had been cut off. The servicemen and women, and know staJapanese diet consists mainly of more specifically where they areselecrice, and there is reason to believe tioned, hence can make their that the heroes of Bataan and Cor- tions more intelligently. 4. The overseas forces, operating regidor have suffered considerably from malnutrition since they fell into on more fronts, and facing more enemy hands. The Japs evidently varied climatic and geographical have nothing much better to offer, conditions, become eligible for a wider variety of gifts. for even the warriors of GuadalThe tendency to send more gifts canal and New Guinea have been forced to rely upon rice as their to those furthest from home also mainstay. Kiska and Attu furnished favors increased sales. While shortmute evidence of the Japs utter de- ages at home are developing in such pendence upon rice as a fighting items as watches, leather novelties and jewelry, it is thought heavier staple. war-wea- ry troops may be tempted to lay down their arms to an enemy who feeds them generously and gives them safe haven. p ht r ' Art ' V! - sV ' Y. J v ,s i v" ; Chinese officers attending a U. S. artillery school in their country are being taught modern warfare bj American officers. This is part of Gen. Joseph StilweBs program to train the Chinese for an offensive. Left; Col. Garrison B. Coverdale of Lawton, Okla., explains a firing problem as an interpreter translates his instnus tions phrase by phrase. Center: Two Chinese officers in a foxhole watch the effect of artillery fire througli binoculars. Standing at right is Col. C. J. Tai of the Chinese army. Next to him is Capt. Delmar R. Frazier of Milwaukee, Wis. Lower right: Chinese students prepare mortar shells for practice firing. Litter Bearers in Action on New Georgia The number of gifts to come from service personnel abroad to relatives and friends at home is expected to be larger per capita because manufacturers and distributors, who sell to army and navy post exchanges, particularly in the Mediterranean area, already report rising sales to servicemen and women. More post exchanges, greater opportunity afforded servicemen to buy direct from the natives, who also sell to PX, is a factor now boosting sales. Other sales stimulants are that overseas servicemen and women, in high spirits themselves, are ndt so sure abouj the morale of the home-fol- k and seek to bolster it by gifts. Flusher with cash, and conscious of accumulated favors from home, the overseas contingent find themselves in an ideal spot to reciprocate. J Among American made gift items most popular at overseas post exchanges are pins, clips, earrings, vanity cases, many bearing the insignia of the various branches of the Ornate pillow tops and service. handkerchiefs, which embody delicately worded sentiments, come to the aid of thousands of less articulate servicemen. Such items are prime favorites overseas as well as at post exchanges at home. Necklaces, embroideries, pipes, laces, opal and topaz jewelry, metal and leather handicraft of Latin and Oriental origin, is also in high favor. Watches, one of the top preferences among all in the service, are relatively easy to get in the Mediterranean area, since many of them come direct from Switzerland. The gifts servicemen may expect from the home folks parallel somewhat those sent last year, although there will be a wider selection to choose from. Furlough bags, small and sewing kits, duffle carry-al- l bags, wallets, religious medals, identification bracelets, photo cases, pen and pencil sets, shaving equipment, insignia pieces, and of course cigarettes, are high on the preference list of servicemen. Money belts are not expected to be as popular this year as last, while watertight pocket-siz- e holders for miscellaneous personal things are in high vogue. Pocket-size- d games such as checkers, cribbage, gin rummy, backgammon and acey ducey are similarly popular. While these gift items have general popularity among the forces overseas as well as at home, a variety of gift preferences is developing. A large number on the Pacific front, for instance, show partiality to such articles as knives, sun and bug lotions. glasses and anti-su- n The growing number of service women is dictating the installation of women departments in post exchanges. Heavy orders for toiletries, apparel items, and the more esthetic type of gifts are reported. Medical progress, coupled with speedy evacuation of wounded from combat zones to rear hospitals have been responsible for a tremendous increase in the percentage of recoveries of men wounded in this war compared With World War I. Fart of the credit goes to litter bearers pictured b action on New Georgia island. Top left: Still wearing camouflage suits, bearers place wounded aboard i landing craft. Bottom left: Attendants place patients in ambulance for transfer to ship. Note the mudcaked wheel. Right: A patient Is carried out of a bomb shelter after an enemy raid. hard-workin- g, little-publiciz- ed Warriors Learn to Care for Waifs Private Bill Ruben of the Royal Canadian Ordnance corps, at the 77th division clubhouse in New York where servicemen are taught the art of caring for babies. The instruction is sponsored by the National Institute of Diaper Services. House Passes Fulbriglit Peace Plan Dodge Own Bombs Having lost their first encounter with American troops in Italy, these German prisoners dig in for protection from their own planes. French, Italian and Corsican troops cooperated with English and American forces in a common drive against the Germans. Fleeing before the Allied advance, German forces demolished the Naples waterfront, scuttled 30 ships to block the haran rbor, and wrecked industrial and centers. West Defense Chief Marauders at a U. S. base, somewhere in d medium bomber England. This new has recently been introduced in Europe. B-2- G ? J ' V' V :T iV, , V ' : V71 - I twin-engine- in. j After being passed by the house of representatives, the Fufbright peace plan was sent to the senate where lively debate was expected to accompany consideration of the resolution. Pictured after its passage by the house. Representative Fulbright, sponsor of the plan (center), is congratulated by Representative Bloom (left) and Representative Eaton. Gen. Delos C. Emmons, in charge of the Westers Command. He has declar ance persons of Japanese n ' this outside try must remain Lieut. who is Defense that all |