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Show SOUTH CACHE COURIER. HYRUM, UTAH (K) . i Deep Cultivation 'U. Harmful to Corn Grandso- n- ancPRival Top Three Inches of Soil Contain Largest Amount of Plant Food. (Prepared by the United State of Agriculture.) - Department The of the corn planter has ceased its musical tnttoo for the season aijd has befti backed into the shed. If there were no weed tepds Just under the surface ol the soil lying In wait for favorable germinating conditions, the farmers work in the cornfield would be done for the summer. If there were no weeds there would be no need tc tune up the old cultivau r or cut a forked stick. Th" crop woull not ngain need his attention until time in the fail. He could turn Ills attention to other work about the farm, or he could cut himself a pole and go fishin, whichever was according to bis individual bent and bis cornfield would still yield as many bushels of corn as it would have had lie given it the traditional three times over with corn plow Cultivation Controls Weeds. At least some such conclusion might be arrived at from a study of the results of various tests by corn cultur-istto determine the real reason for Cultivation, they cultivating corn. agree, is chiefly for the purpose of controlling the weeds. In fact, weed eradication may te the only beneficial result from cultivation after planting. Nevertheless, there is that big little word if to reckon with. We do have weed seeds and we will have weeds Soon the broad clean spaces between the rows of j oung corn will be covered with a mass of green weeds ot every description. The cultivators will be unlimbered ln feverish baste to attack the weeds and bold them In check while king corn gets the jump on them But tha. Is where the similarity ot the operation ceases. One fanner will set his shovels to plow as deeply as He will hurry across the possible. field so that he can start his plow on the cross rows the main Idea apparently being simply to get over the field three times before the corn is knee high and ready to lay by. He believes that the formation of a dust mulch to retain moisture is also a thing to accomplish. Must .'eep Weeds Down. As long as there are weeds, some sort of method will have to be used to Rotating crops, keep them down. preventing weeds going to seed, and sowing seed that is free from weed seed, are some of the other principles that will help to keep down weeds. An understanding of the fact that cultivation Is principally for the purpose of killing the weeds and not to stir the soil or provide a dust mulch, however, will modify methods of cultivation. Thirty-siyears ago the Illinois exmade some tests In station periment which it was shown that if weeds were kept down by scraping with a hoe without any attempt at forming a dirt mulch, the yield was the same as with ordinary deep cultivation, and only slightly less than with ordinary shallow cultivation. Twenty years ago the United States Department of Agriculture made similar tests at a number of stations over the country and obtained similar results. Now the Illinois station has secured ka-ilc- ka-lle- k, corn-pickin- g s JSJlSQZDXt&? By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN OUNCIL sm&Rgizzr d&R5oir KAN., will celebrate Its centenCol. Calvin D. Cowles, U. S. A., renial August - 10. It - was 'of Hartford, Conn., a kinsman tired, there, one hundred years of is preparing a genealogy of the Kit, ago, that flie United Carson family, and says Kit was a States government took born fighter. recognizance of the It appears that William Carson, Santa Fe Trail by making founder of the family, came from the a treaty with the Pawnee north of Ireland settled In Pennsyland Osage Indians for the with unmolested passage of the caravans vania, and, about 1740, migrated Boones and other families to North the graveling between Missouri and New Carolina. There he had abundant opMexico. So, in a sense, it is the cenportunity for acquiring a taste for tennial of the Santa Fe Trail. Indians. He married Eleanor fighting This summer the Boone family of I in McDuff North Carolina and had sevLnited States gathered in Kenen 'the oldest of whom was children, tucky in celebration of the father of Kit, born in 1754. Lindsay, anniversary of the Lindsay moved to South Carolina settlement of that state by Daniel about 1780. In 1792 he took his famBoone. It is an Interesting coinci-Idenc- e ily to Madison county, Kentucky. His that the Santa Fe Trail cele-- ! wanderings stopped in 1811, when he Ration should call public attention to established a home In Howard county, aniel Boones grandson and rival In Missouri. He Joined with other setpublic estimation as woodman, hunter, tlers in occupying Coopers fort, beI scout and Indian-fighte- r Christopher tween Fayette and Boonesboro, from I tarson. For the Santa Fe Trail with-- I 1812 to 1815. out Kit Carson is like "Hamlet with Kit was the tenth of the fourteen Hamlet out. children of Lindsay Carson. All the This centennial of the Santa Fe sons of without exception, rail really opens up the whole story "went westLindsay, Indians and buffalo. after the winning of the West. For the Trail led- - to the acquisition There are descendants scattered all I i Texas, the Mexican War, the oc-- I over the Middle West and the Rocky Now that the Incupation of California, the Overland Mountain region. Is guarded on the reservations dian a11, . Pony Express and the meet-o- f the Union Pacific and Central and the buffalo is about extinct, wrote one of the Carsons, I am at a loss Pacific at Ogden. to know what their descendants will And for forty years Kit Carson had do for pastime. R fin First he was ldenSo It may be, as Colonel Cowles fled with Bents Fort on the Ar-- I 'ansas in Colorado, the famous trad-- I says, that Kit was a born fighter, but he did not look the part. To be sure, g post of the famous Bent Brothers n lts time the most famous of all the portrait reproduced from a paintI in the capitol at Denver does look e I ' posts west of the Missis-- I ing warlike. rather PP Successively he won fame as this born fighter was 'a Anyway, lprer as guide for Fremont and I m esf d blond, with a soft little, an in the California I r,sht'hand a and 'voice disposition. He gentle Xpedltion; as scout and dispatch-- l was only five feet six inches tall, his earer ; as Indian agent and as United states Army officer.. legs being too short for the rest of Possibly no fron- - him. He was strongly built, with long ha more to do wlth settling thJ arms, and weighed about 160 pounds. 8St Certainly no man had more His nuence for complexion and hair were rather peace with the Indians. and his eyes were blue. He was light 3 8 brief chronology that hints reticent and modest. at his many honest, activities: called Kit Indians The tucky9i?1rn ,ln, Madison county, oward county, Little Chief. They feared him. It is is!ualcen t0 ln Franklin824 apprent,ced st0 saddler true, because of his efficiency as a fighting man. But they respected him caratT.Ria0n.away to i0'" Santa Fe for his honesty, fair dealing and r1828.8ettled ln Taos, N. M. 1829 Francisco peaceableness, and they loved him for bay,83app' n tr,lp tolnSan Rockies and his friendliness.- - He spoke their lanaPPngr Northwest rado32'4Hunter ,or Bent8 fort, Colo- - guage, visited them and played with GROVE, of-fict-al .ing bow-legge- - 2;44Glda,n for Fremont: mPISmont California. 1845, xvrr,hree round tr,Ps Callfor- with dispatches. lore 8heP NeW Mex,co o California? 6'B nla tn agent for New Mexico. Fought Confederates and Navm. First Regiment New Upti.; irC,lonel Volunteers' breveted brigadier Beneral lRR"7ndJLan tatufn Visited Washington with depu-Colo- n Indians; died at Fort Lyon, their children the last a sure road to their favor. In time he came to know their habits and customs, their ways of thinking, their mode of warfare. They knew that he knew and in that lay his Influence for peace. Many times he acted as mediator and prevented bloody battles among the tribes. As Indian agent he headed oil many an uprising. Kits early - days as hunter and trapper were a time of savage per sonal encounters. Men enforced their with rifle, rights as they pistol and knife. At the annual rendezvous of the duels to the death were of common occurrence. Yet Kits disposition was so peaceable and his way so inoffensive tliSlt so far as known he had but one personal encounter and that was thrust on him. In the early Thirties at a rendezvous in the Green River country of Wyoming a French trapper named Shunar pursued an Arapalio maid, who appealed to Kit for protection. She got it. Shunar thereupon mounted and rode through the rendezvous with his rifle, announcing that he was looking for Kit. Kit was instantly In the saddle. Both men fired together. Shunars ball grazed Kits scalp. Kits pistol ball shattered Shunars forearm and caused his death. Kit fell in love with the Arapaho maid and married her. She died after Kit had become famous. There was a daughter, Adaline. Kit took her to his old home in Missouri. The charming landscape Where Kit Carson Trapped is a view from the front porch of my cabin in Tahosa saw-tie- m fur-trad- er x cultivator. Deep cultivation gave ft yield of one to two bushels less on the average than either shallow cultivation or scraping with a hoe. Many deep cultivations decreased the yield further. Deep Cultivation Hrrmful. These experiments Indicate clearly that the deep cultivation Is harmful. Cultivation should be as shallow as possible, although deep stirring Is less Injurious at the first cultivation than later. The feeder roots of the corn plant teave the stalk about two Inches below the surface of the soil no matter how deep the grain has been Plowing close to the stalk planted and deeper than these roots injures demany of these roots and results In creased yields. It appears, says the United States Department of Agriculture, that the top three inches of soil contains more available plant food than that further down and that It Is of more alue as a feeding ground for corn roots than as a mulch. Cultivation that mutilates this mass of roots In the top soil not only removes the connection of the corn plant with this rich source of plant food but destroys its natural watergathering system. From the great number of experimental studies that have been made it would seem that the cultivation problem In the corn belt Is to kill weeds as economically and as easily as possible without plowing so deep as to do harm to the plant In any way and without making the surface soil unavailable to the roots for feeding purposes. Some of our present Implements for cultivation are designed primarily to produce a mulch and stir the ground. There are many, however, tha. have been designed with special reference to weed control, such haras the weeder, the spring-tootrow, and the surface cultivator. Local conditions will determine which of these can be used to the best h Most Opportune Time to Cut Soy Beans for Hay Soy beans may be cut for hay at any time between the full bloom stage, which usually comes between July 15 and August 15, and the stage when the leaves begin to turn yellow, some four to six w'eeks later, says 0. J. Willard, of the Ohio experiment station. Yield, ease of curing and quality of hay will mainly determine the time to cut. The largest yield obtainable at one cutting Is secured by cutting when of the leaves are yelabout low. In one typical test ot the university, these were the results: When cut July 25, at full bloom, yield was 3,700 pounds an acre; cut August 8, with pods well formed, 5,700 pounds an acre; cut August 29, with beans half grown, 6,500 pounds an acre; cut September 12, with of the leaves yellow, 7,400 pounds an acre. one-fourt- h one-four- th Starting Young Calves dairymen take the calves away from their mothers after the first day, while others leave them for four or five days. The early weaning Valley, 9,000 feet up in Rocky MounIs perhaps most desirable, provided tain National park (the land was bought from the government ten years some more figures which further sub- the herd Is being handled by an exbefore the park was created). In the stantiate the former tests. As an av- pert. However, If the herdsman Is background is Long's Peak, King of erage of 21 years of experiments at not an expert, It is much safer to Kit trapped there with that station it w'as found that a field leave the calf with its mother a few the Rockies. two companions the winter of 1830-3of corn In which the weeds were re- days longer. The danger of starting 8 hi 10 of cabin by walls 1S75 log moved by scraping them off with a boo indigestion may come from the calf In were still standing and the stone chim- gave a yield almost exactly'the same drinking milk too rapidly from a as a field cultivated with a surtace bucket. ney and fireplace were Intact. Wanton campers burned the cabin; somemost of the stone body carried off work. To protect the spot I set up a great slab of pine, appropriately Some 1. carved. Other changes wrought by a century of settlement and civilization are worth noting. Kit probably took heavy toll of the beaver, but they grew many again. The level land shown was all made by the filling of the beaver ponds with silt. The stream, which still flows among the willows, was in Kits day considerable. When Estes Park became a summer resort in Tahosa Valley went a threw a dam across and diverted a large part of Its flow to his own needs. Trappers Incessantly kept after the beaver until only eight individuals were known to exist ln the many streams of the region. Then the settlers waged war on the trappers. Rocky Mountain National park, established ln 1915, automatically became sanctuary. Now the beaver a wild-lifIn numbers on the very back are stream Kit Carson trapped almost a century ago. Their dams have made three sizeable ponds in my front yard. Sometimes I almost wish Kit would come back to save my aspens. hotel-keep- e CAREFULLY SELECT RIGHT PAINT FOR EACH SEPARATE FARM JOB 4 Best Way to Preserve Buildings and Implements. (Prepared by tho United States Department of Agriculture.) Painting improves appearance, but the chief purpose of painting on the farm is to preserve buildings, fences, and Implements from the effects of the weather. Interior painting Is usually done to make the borne more attractive, but It also serves jt useful purpose In making walls and ceilings more sanitary and dark rooms lighter. Painting at regular Intervals, says the United States Department of Agriculture. Is the cheapest way to keep buildings and Implements In good condition. knowledge of the different kinds of paint and their particular adaptability Is a great advantage to the farmer who wishes to do his own work. The department has published Farmers Bulletin 1452 for the express pur . pose of helping the farmer to select the right paint for the particular Job at hand. It gives directions for mixing paint, for preparing surfaces, and for applying the paint. Full directions for making and applying several kinds of whitewash are Included also. Painting should not be put off too, long. If wood has begun to rot or Iron has begun to rust, the rotting and rusting will continue after the paint has been applied. Moreover, the longer painting Is delayed, the more difficult and expensive It becomes. A copy of the bulletin may be had free of charge, as long as the supply lasts, upon request to the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. A Early cut hay Is best for dairy cattle. Greater milk production and healthier cattle will result. Clover Is best when cut at or Just before the full bloom stage. |