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Show THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 30, 1924. Br it ishRatifi cation of Protocol Adopted at Geneva Doubtful Suggestion of Conference in America, May Mean Escape From Present Situation. jfjnited Kingdom Held j in Position Similar to That of the' U. S. Over Five Years Ago By FRANK WASHINGTON. H. glMONDS. No. Accaptlng at th.tr faca value, tha British official a statements that tha request to International discussions bud Sipoa tha Oeneva protocol and thu. to tha proposed disarmament adjourn confaranca does not rapraunt any purpose on tha part of tha new Brltl.h government to scrap this protocol, tha fact nevertheleea remains that tha Phola work of tha racant Ganava ees-tila placad In jeopardy and tha chancaa of ratification of tha protocol ltaelf by Great Britain become allght. The truth te that tha latest of the various efforts to meet the situation the world and to find a method of .guaranteeing peace has broken down at the precise point which has seen the collapse of ail other similar atat the point where tempt. nepiely, provision le made for some form of International action .against any nation which U the victim of aa unprovoked aggression. Flre years ego the United States senate was Involved In the great battle over the rovenant of the league of nation, which wee tha alngle circumstance In the treaty of VeraaiUea which excited American attention. In that struggle the American ratification of the treaty of Versatile was ultimately n because the late President tinted. refused to accept reservation, the net effect of which would have been to release the United State from any commitment to contribute by arm or otherwise to the maintenance of peace In the world through the league of nation. IDEAS DIFFERED. y In this Initial phase 'of the league discussion, the European nation concerned did not take the league with any degree of seriousness. Prance, for example, insisted upon a separate guarantee of Britain and tha United States as an Insurance of her own security. Moreover, the continental view V 'he league at that moment was that value .solely a It represented ,an had alliance of the victor of the recent struggle to guarantee the results of the victory. The British view, a contrasted with the continental, had been of an alliance, only nominally based upon the league, an alliance S hlph, operating through the league, would enable these two powers, by their superior strength and vast resources, to Impose upon the cmH-l-cental hat loos thht conception of European reorganisation which might be n called for want of a better definition. The British Idea was Jranklybe that America and England Would able to restrain their recent Hie from mllttarlstto policies while giving them measurable protection In return. The rejection of the treaty by the United States totally transformed the hole British attitude toward the league, since the chief attraction of he league for Great Britain had been s opportunity for association with the 'nlted State. Once the United States had withdrawn, the British proceeded to adopt the policy of the United which had been that of Britain States In all the past, namely, the avoidance r' specific foreign commitments From that moment to the present hour the Birioua British governments have all evaded any specific commitment to guarantee European peace, either by direct contract with nation, such as franco and Belgium, or by Indirect poet-Spn- , WII-W- -- Anglo-Americ- - Anglo-Saxo- bad planned for It and made It eoettpy in the dtanut-eton- a at Parte when the trestles were tosing'msde What fol'Qwed vaa etrUctnf repetition trf the events of ltlft. A radical fovemment bad come to power In Prance and Tl errlot promptly adopted the Brttlefc view. He Joined MwoDon. aid In the program of making the league the form which heel tutted French and continental views. Instead of Ftenoh opposition to the league c.eeh. and thus a new there wes immediate Franco-Britis- h agreement In principle as to the league and the problem became one of g.vlng form to the league. When It.pame to the rdcent Geneva meeting llW British stiuaUon wee peculiar In the extreme. Sot only Franc but all of the continental states had followed the BrltLab example and rallied to the league, which became aud Jenlv the central point In Euro- peaa affairs. But at the same tlma the4 nations had rallied to the French conception of what tlfe league should be And this, as I. said, was Parts and Mr. Wtleon all ovr again. Anglo-Frenc- guarantees through the medium of the leagua At the does bt five rear we have reached a point where It is no longer even conceivable that the British government would undertake a direct guarantee of tha security of France such as was proposed in the Peris treaty of insurance, binding America end Britain to defend France The MaoDonaJd ministry, which has Just lone out of power, made dear at Geneve that the maximum of possible British commitment was a pledge to take notion hi ease the league itself witnessed an act of agrreseiop on the of any nation whatsoever. Yet part It is precisely this commitment. Implicit in the protocol, which is now to be held in abeyance by the British request Despite the fact, however, that fh both the United States and Great Britain there has been the wholly similar retreat from foreign entanglements enJ guarantees, there has been in both countries a continued agitation for disarmament. Both countries have In fact, demobilised their own armies and reduced their establishments to insignificant proportions and they have, at the same time, through the Washington conference end In agreement with Japan, France and own naval limited their Italy, strength. At the earns tlma they have conttnued to egltals for the reduction of European aVnaments. In this agitation thov have substantially failed at ai! times because they have been faced by a continental demand that reduction of armaments should be accompanied bv guarantees that this reduction should not have as its consequence exposing the nations which hud reduced their artnies to an aggression. France, ss the spokesman for the continent, has stoady maintained that the question of security must precede that of disarmament and that the reduction of armed force must Itself be conditional unon the extent to which some outside aid is assured to the nation thus limiting its own resources of defense SPECIAL CONTRACTS. In additkta, the continental nations, while declining to reduce their armies in conformity American and British notions. hae made between themselves a number of sepante contracts, all defensive, which have the effect of hindng the partners to come to each other s aid in case of attack. These agreements have not been secret. they have been made In the open, but they constitute ailtances and in reality Alliances against certain nations, notably Germany and Russia, since thee are the countries which menace the future of the contracting parties On the whole, accepting various limitations, British policy has been baaed upon the a sumption that two of the main obstacles to the preservation of European peace were large standing armies and spectnl alliances. Thus London has sought steadily to avoid any entangling alliance on Its ow'n part and at the sime time prevent the formation of such alliances by other countries. And it has concomitantly striven to bring about a reduction of standing armies. In pursuance of these Objectives the British have been gradually brought to a reexamination of the league, which for the moment lost value when America withdrew. For a certain period the British continued to believe that the United- - States would ultimately join nd that It was the policy of wisdom to keep the In -aj,e ouo. j.woUin AmarU- fan arrival This wee because the European nations, the great powers aa contrasted with the small, were little concerned with the Thus for the first four years league of Its existence the league was an inconsiderable factor In the European situation And at the same time BritiV. policy was steadily unsuccessful in Ha effort to persuade Europe to accept the British view. whUh was and is in the main the American. i HKRRIOT Thus when Xmas Gifts Will Be Enduring Well as Beautiful If Chosen at IVladsen-- h Instead of giving eich member of the family an individual gift, why not bring one grand gift to the home that like a lamp, will make all happy? Furniture offers an excellent choice. You can select an indivdual Cerrooms. cedar chest, tea wagon, end fable, or you can choose an entire new set of furniture for one of the tainly such a gift will never be forgotten and all will be equally pleased with your wise selection. pe RULED. te discussion opened, elAjuent address of Mac-D- o following the naJd. It waa Harriot who gave the formula which was later to be expressed in the protocol. This watchword was "Arbitration, security and disarmament." Prance signified her reaJineee to accept arbitration in all matters. 6he agreed thet the American device for fixing the question of the aggressor- - the ail important question should be adopted, thus placing with the league the power to decide when agnation waa attacked and' therefore entitled to defend herself But then, backed by suoetantfahy all of the continental nations, she rounded upon the British and demanded league protection for the country thus i assailed This French view, which one much more exactly describee the continental view, was expressed in the protocol, which came from the committee of M. Benys the astute forand eign minister of the underlying principle waa that all countries should agree to arbitration, that any country feeling itself men aced might appeal tothe league and that any country resorting to violence in defiance of the will of the league should be liable to punishment at the hands of the nations of the league acting on a mandate from that body. F. A. Whitney Doll Carriage u Czecho-Slovaki- a. ALL OBLIGATED. a word the net effect of the protocol waa that if a ration attacked another, a Austria attacked Sert'ia tn 19U. then, on the call of the league, all the signatory powers should be morallv obligated to contribute to the restraint and constraint of the aggressor It was left to the severaJ powers to deciue what they should contribute, although (thre was the interesting suggestion that the British fleet should be placed at the service of the league as a sort of maritime police force. The suggestion waa not made officially and was repudiated by the British cabinet but it was not without later effect In Britain Manifestly, then, the protocol imposed upon all the members of the league both a moral and a legal duty to defend any nation against an aggressor by the league, in the" fashion provided for by the league. And the decision to resort to force was vested not with tha Individual nation, but with the league,werein which reprethe nation ooncerned sented, to be sure,v but without controlling voice or eto power of war Under the prqtocol if a stete exist it is the duty of the council of the league to decide which of the combatants is the aggreasi and what coercive measures are to be taken And the aignatorie to against it. bind themselves to take the protocol the aggressor Immediately against and without reserve not alone financial ard economic sanctions, but I am quoting here military and naaJ of M. Benee himfrom trie langauge self. on the invitation of the coun- Tn F, A. Whitney Doll Carriage Our display of these famous now complete, all sizes and styles represented, ranging in price from The one $5.65 and up. shown above, aize, length 19 inches, back reclined 22 inches, width 0V2 inchea, height to top of hood 27 inches. Special 7K SQ V 1 Price 10-inc- h LUXURIOUS OVER STUFFED SUITE During this week we are going to sell our entirp line of odd chairs and rockers at Half Price. You will find a good selection of cane and mahogany, Wind sor and overstuffed. Come early while the selection is better. -- Eight-Piec- e fortunate that on of the foods you most with pvery meal Banquet Better, Butter i also an - excellent HOW health-build- er ! It has valuable nourishment for young and old, and vitamines to aid the chil- dren in sturdy growth. Because it i so 'pure and fresh, its flavor adds to the deliciousness of bread, hot rolls, waffles, hot cakes, steaks, and almost every dish the housewife prepares. Made From the Cream of the Cream. NELSON-RJCK- S SALT LAKE creamery COl j protocol. CONFERENCE POSSIBLE. Tha situation- - which confronts the new Tory ministry in Bntam is un-- ! An international conftr-- i mlstaJcable. ence -- under the league to discus disis fixed provUionallv for armament May, while there i to be a preliminary meeting in Rome to arrange ftr this conference, but the holdtng of the conference 'itself is conditional on the ratification of the protool ft by a certain number of states would still be possible i theory to hold the conference if Britain, alone of the greet power, failed to ratify the protocol but the position of the would be difBrltin representatives ficult. and, in fact, little could be ar for the Brit! in are the compliahed. chief protagonists of disarmament ard would be In the position of asking everything and giving nothing On the surface the Geneva confera great triumph for Ramence w because'' Europe acsay MacDonald, cepted hi Impulse tn making the hast of it International the league relation. But in realitv the victory for the continental wa nations, which gave to the league that form ahich was consonant with continental views and transformed It Into a military alUnnro Vo guarantee peace de-by member to Join in binding fense of any member the victim of sn attack certified by the league to have been an aggression. In thi Now the Torv government position: Britain has rejected tha lgiaA proposal for a French and 11 BUTTER-EGG- S - CHEESE 1 4 - - . low. Good tate expressed in every liaa. Special Price, $1195. Palace Penin sular Heater this die Punng 25'c week count will be effect on a'l Our heaters. line includes all sires of Hot Air Blaat and Oak Heater Velocipedes in Our display in tbit department offpra gome unusual bargains. 30 per cent discount will be allowed on every smoker in the store. Blast, Rumania the kalian mode, with original touche. Top has unique tracery tn txro Tonei" A ha achr booh trough Rw store every day. This suite consists of conveniently arranpinl.. table, six chairs uphblsbered SIRA ft A in genuine leather. Special Price fax Ust as Good as it Pastes BOOK RACK A HIGHLY original conception In buffet, against to the continental give consideration This continental point of Mew poirt of view' was expressed in the protocol. juat as it was in the famous Article X of the covenant, but exAgain. pressed much more Nearly. he desired to get to the buxines of which Britain vra disarmament. deeply concerned with, but he fmmd that he could onlv approach that through the protocol. In other words Britain could not nrrive, wbre sue wished to arrive without making con- -' cessions, without, in fact, rnttfvlng ELBOW TABLE WITH Queen Anne Dning Suite in American Walnut It is unusual values like this that are making friends for this DEPOSIT WILL HOLD PURCHASE FOR TUTURE- - DELIVERY. . hoeet, have so evaded any commitment to .France against Germarv, al-- , vastly though they ate obvfouriv more concerned in the latter case Much lss do thev d'etre to under-- t take a contract which would certainly, to . Anglo-or even ponsihly lead American ooiUatona such aa took of the enrh the during phas ple world war, nheq we v ere still neutral and lnsttd upon our rights to trade with Germany Thus the simple fact is that at Gepeva MacDonald got oiusht. Win the llson same kind of net ss did Mr late presuient, at Parts Like the waa a MacDoiald leoguer, Ramsay he wanted to establish th league, and he found that to do it ho had to VIUelrU Odd Rockers, Half Price Now to defend hr contrat Russia, since thev tow price you are assured I A AA Trice alone determine! nothing but wbea you get Karpen quality at urh real value. The three pieces shown above have loose spring filled cushions and upholstered in rich velour. Special Trice goes very muoh farther than the original covenant of the league and assumes the character of a miljtary alliance a defensive alliance to be sure. The conduct of the war against the aggressor is left to the individual nations, the role of the council is to or rather to advise, but supenHe never to execute BRITISH OPPOSED. to take a concrete exAmpl SITUATION CHANGES. Suppose that sox let Ruasla. as it liaa mere than once threatened, atWith the arrival of the Labor govtacks Rumania invades Bessarabia ernment to power. th sit- and Rumania appeals to the league, uation changed ufferlv. for MacDonrefuses to heed the while to ald announced his purpose make council Russia or listen to any proposal of tflie league the basis and the field of on the notice of then, arbitration, his foreign pollcv There was no more the council of the league all (4 the any chance Whatsoever that Britalp signatcrv bound to take are powers would give separate treaties of guaragainst Russia and for the antee to Prance or to any other na- measures measures must involve British thee tion. Britain would do must he action of the fleet Moreover, emthrough the league. In an interesting ployment of the British fleet assumwho has fashion, then. MacDonald, ing thf thing to take pla- e after more than one Wilsonian trait, unn relations had been dertook to restore the league to the g jesumed, might involve Russian ports and thUR insure a conbtvtes troversy with the United which, not being a member of the would not be affected by the league, lepgue decision Now it is fairly clear that the Brb-ishd- o not desife to bind themselves The carriage aliown above is the large type, aize of body 25x11 inches, with all steel rubber tired gear, wheels and foot brake. Wood body neatly designed 7 9A Special Price is carriage, L egg? s EAST FIRST SOUTH ST. e Furniture home cjfa 51-- 57 y m corftj-nent- fur-tfe- 1t 1 1 30 discount will be allowed on our entire display of tables. You will find here just the site and stjte you have in mind. lue 51-- 57 thre might In tha events ery nal -- the-oth- - Only a limited number of the f-Bp- Price.... EAST FIRST SOUTH Western distributors be a repetition of ment of International dispute, amiWashington conference. cably, but also be clothed with the power to employ the force of member BRITISH MAY CHANGE. states or more exactly invoke it to If no American conference take restrain any nation ef aggresBritish sion Thu through guilty place, them, trr due course the league every likely to ratifv the prostate would be bound to'defend parliament tocol alth jut etJch reservation a other, assuming equal respect for the enate put upon the or- league requirements Thua a German the American iginal covenant, reservation mhich, in aggression against Poland, a Russian effect, would enable the British to against Rumania, would automatically avoid anv uch commitment a the enlist the British fleet, the French protocol contains, but the effect of prmv, in fact, the force, military, such a course would he to adjourn all and etonomic of all member discussion of disarmament indefinitely nations in th and weaken the British position i Ftrrh trerngTh' plain that league would be in a poAa to the league itself. It seems to all member nation kmc to limit their armaments, sition me that the fart that the Geneva conthev would be assured not rgereiy of ference coincided wtth our own politin on for defense, but strength cal campaign, served to obscure what their strength of the was actually done, while the presence of the collective however, each releague Patently, of the British and French prime minduction tn armed strength of one isters gave to the league itself great nation would Increase the moral oblprestige. The simple truth fs that the igation of others to come to its assisprotocol transformed the league Into tance if it were attacked, alpoe otherfor the wise such reduction would be an inan association of nation armed preservation of peace: it gave vitation Gnoe the proto attack to ths council, which ta the executive tocol were ratified the problem of bodv. certain power analagous to amamenia would not ary longer be to those of a superstate: ft gave it a the question of the number of troop measure of authority to call upon the a nation needed to protect its own member states for their contribution frontier, but the number of troop to repel an attack upon a member nait need hnalntain aa a part of the tion. an attack which tha council deof the league, for in cided on Its own Judgment to he an case of strength a German attack, for example, agrression, and It mads all consideraFrance could count not only on her tion of disarmament conditional upon own. divisions, but tfcoss of Britain, the acceptance of auph obligations by Italy and Belgium mambef nation. The difficulty with all this that ROWER WANTED. the British and the Americana unthe continental nations being tn 'Assuming ths ratification of the pro- like tocol, a member nation would he bound n danger of attack, would assuming to accept arbitration aa the method of that we joined ths league he called settlement of international dispute; upon to contribute armed strength and It would agree that any act of vio- share In dangers of others w ithout lence on Its pert toward a neighbor, having any compensating advantages, or. Indeed, toward any member state, unless both nations regarded thgcon-trlbutlo- n as indirectly profitable a it so by the council, would pears in the world. And, no It' to every form of coercionM Insuredneither expos nation has been willing fan member state, gnd by would pledge itself to Join in such to assume the risks and both have coercion against any other offending worked to bring about disarmament state AThe league would thu not alone without condition. pnmdo tho- machinery tor the aettle- - Ths protocol represented the tri an$ of velocipede! will be found in our display. The one shown above baa rubber tires and is well constructed. SC All sizes raanoB Life-Tim- urantln both speoiflr sllln a nsw German gsrMlonwhichIt ths protocol mav also reject avoid a special alliance br makmff It If reject both form reijeral, but for continental power of guarantees t can hardly reopen the d!euion of for the of disarmament, the queatlon ha adopted th of nation lesuru condidisarmament that prinoinl Since, moretional upon aecuritr achi cabinet over. McDonald and cepted thi nrineiple pnhtect, of cmire to ratification, no Brttih government ran undertake to persuade ths arma-menation to reduce their while refusing to !itn to their claim for guarantee aralnet evil of tieh reduction POSTPONEMENT NEEDED. the British But quite obriofialv nor neither detr to rive guarantee to abandon the dtecnMion of dlartna--ha- t. alternative their then Ohviotieiv it rmtat lie in notmninr the r learue d!Mjion and reeking tn oitide the learueof d!oiiionPoolidre nroroal And President the wnortu-Ht- v rummer offer Tf the United Stte cH a ron-i- t mutt be mitelde the league and t obvlotialv will not Involve nv trnevflnn of guarantee for th nrent i whollr unlikejv'to adqilntratntt con1der riving nv European countrr American anv form of n'irofe. Our government doe not accent the league contingent view that dirmament, noon the prevleion of romnenaaHng In an American conferguarantee ence disarmament would he considered without regard to noMtlc! It Inevitable that If the pf course. nation consented to com continental to an American conference, thev would corns prepared to maintain t;hefr own view, hut Inevitable the British and would hs American renreaentative found fn agreement, end. even If the t falrlv to cams conference nothings cerf in. the British would ecans from a difficult situation tntead of standface of a united ing fn Isolation In Eutom they would stud with ue, it Backing Tables and Library Tables - y ST.- - Whitney Baby Carnages, of the nations living in the midst of dangers over those living in security, so far as ths question of disarmament Is concerned Its rejection would bring ua back to the old deadlock and an American conference would almost inevitably lead to a new phase of th deadlock,- - with Britain and America taking one side and the rontint-ntacountries the other In the league with America abiew has present, the continental vailed but in practice, with Britain to the protocol comaccept refusing pletely and America absent wholly of disarmament could hardlv hate anv solution, and the itself would ones mors lack league authority and influence. Ultimate success for the league of nations roust depend upon the of some viable compromise between the view of the continental countries and ths inauiar that is, of the nations like Great Britain and Its dominions and .the United States. So far the difficulty has lain in the fact that these views are mutually exclusive: thus the United State refected Mr tYilsons covenant a f er it had suffered the modifications made in Part, and the British are gTvely considering Ramssv MacDonald s conceptions as they were similarly modified in ths Geneva protocol. HOPES HERE VAGUE. And. nne final word about an American conference to limit armaments. The, chief difficulty would lie in the fact that we could propose nothing of interest to ths other conferees, unlike ths navsl diarussion ia Which we offered to end a competition In which neither Britain nor Japan could keep par and thus resigned naval supremacy, discussion of ths six of our army interests no one and a further reduction would constitute no incentive to any -nation on this planet to drr likewise.- On the contrary, ths single proposal which-. would interest. France, Belgium; Poland end the little entente would ha an offer to increase our army If these countries reduced theirs and pledge umph be-ca- ecial Vw? 1 I If thejr wr attacked. aitnc of courm, no aurh propowtls or And, la any American mind. Wa would, of course, propoM on extennton of tho" naial agreements to cover cru leers and submarines, but that would not touch the main European problem ahich concern land armaments. Therefor It le hard to me how a conference could fall to arrlva such at a deadlock. In which we urged disarms, ment upon the continental nation Six! they argued for an American guaran. tee of aid In cam reduction led ta " at tack upon tbera by their neigh bora (Copyright, )M4. by the McClui Newspaper Syndicate.) . Military Training in Ninth Corps Popular, Popularity of military training I college, and achooln of the Ninth corpe area la attested by the extraorn, dinary increase nnollmeuU In e officers training corps units at the various .institutions. Despite tha fact that in many schools military training ia optional, more than 75 pep osnt of the student to eligible taka military training are enrolled In R. O. T. C. ulits. In nineteen college of the eorpa area. 2S?a of the it.UI! eligible student are receiving military training. In eighteen high school, where II 114 student are eligible, 5000 are mam berg of tha . mUitary unit. In seven other echool. where tha total at1543. 1719 tendance of male students are receiving military Instruction. "The Increase In ,R. O T. C. enroll men te at colleges within this eorpa ' area demonstrates that parents and the students themselves are beginning to are the value of military training In all Its bhasea. including tha value to tha nation and ta the Inla the opinion of Major dividual, Charles G. Morton, tha commanding ' general of Use Ninth corps area, re-to- -- |