| Show Salt Lake Herald SUPPLEMENT TUESDAY DECEMBER 7 1850 P ESIDETS S MESSAGE Fellow Citizens of the Senate an Jfoitse of Jtepresenlalivcs I congratulate you on the continued continu-ed and increasing prosperity of our country By the favor of divine Providence we have been blessed during the past year with health with abundant harvests with profitable profit-able employment for all our people and with contentment at home and with peace and friendship with pc other nations The occurrence of the twentyfourth election of Chief I Magistrate has given an opportunity I opportu-nity t the people of the United J States t exhibit t the world significant r signi-ficant example of the p aceful and safe transmission of power and authority au-thority of the government from the public servants whose terms of office of-fice aro about t expire to their newly chosen successors This example ex-ample cannot fail t impress profoundly pro-foundly thoughtful people of other countries with advantages which republican institutions have offered The immediate general and cheerful cheer-ful acquiescence of all god citizens in the result of the election gives a gratifying assurance t our country and t its friends throughout through-out the world that a government j Lntauu uu iuu lieu umscub ui uii m tolligent and patriotic people I possess e elements of strength stability nnd permanency not found in another an-other form of government Continued Con-tinued opposition t the full and free enjoyment of the RIGHT OF CITIZENSHIP conferred upon the colored people p ple by the recent amendments t I the Constitution still prevails in heveral of the late slaveholding Btates I has perhaps not been manifet in the recent election t a very large extent in acts of violence vio-lence or intimidation I has how over by fraudulent practices in connection con-nection with the ballots with the I regulations a t the places and manner man-ner of voting and with counting curing and cauvassiug the votes rnst been successful in defeating jmd nullifying the right of all lights the right of suffrage which the Constitution expressly confers con-fers on our enfranchised citizens citi-zens I is the desire of the good pee leof the whole country coun-try that sectionalism as a factor in our politics should disappear They prefer that no section of the country I hhould bo united in solid opposition ip any other section The disposition disposi-tion t refuse a prompt and hearty obedience to the equal rights amendments amend-ments t the Constitution is all that IOW stands in the war of a complete obliteration of sectional lines in our political contests As long a these amendments are flagrantly violated or disregarded it is safe to assume that the people who placed them in the Constitution as embodying the legitimate results I of the war for the JLJnSon and who believe them to b wise and necessary will continue t act together and to insist that they hhall b obeyed The paramount question still is a t the enjoyment of the rights by every American citizen who has the requisite qualifications quali-fications to freely cast his vote and t have it honestly counted With this question rightly settled the country will bo relieved of the contentions of the past Bygones will indeed b bygones and political nnd party issues with respect t the economy and efficiency of the administration ad-ministration internal improvement the tariff domestic taxation educa tion finance and other important subjects will then receive their full aharo of attention but a resistance to and nullification of the results of Iho war will unite together in ranks for their support all who maintain main-tain the authority of the Government Govern-ment and the perpetuity of the Union and who adequately appreciates appreci-ates the value of the victory acliicv od This determination proceeds from no hostile sentiment or feeling t any part of the people of our country or t any of their interests The inviolability of the amendments amend-ments rests upon the fundamental principles of our Government They are therefore 1 expression of the will of the people of the United States The sentiment that the constitutional con-stitutional rights of all our citizens must be maintained does not grow weaker I will continue to control con-trol the Government of the country Happily the history of the lato elcctims shows that in many parts of the country where opposition to the 15th amend mcnt has heretofore prevailed it is diminishing and is likely tore to-re altogether if firm and well considered action is taken by Con gross 1 trust the House of Representatives Repre-sentatives and the Senate which have the right t judge of the election elec-tion returns and qualifications of their own members will see to it that every case of violation of the letter orw spirit of the fifteenth amendment is thoroughly investigated investi-gated and that no benefit from such violation shall accrue to any person or party I will be the duty of the Executive with sufficient appropriations appropri-ations for the purpose to prosecute uispnrnglyal who have been engaged en-gaged in depriving citizens of the rights guaranteed to them by the Constitution I is not however tobe forgotten that the best and surest guarantee of the prim nry rights of citizenship is to ho fouud in that capacity I for self protection which can belong only to a people whose right to universal uni-versal suffrage i supported by UNIVERSAL EDUCATION The means at the com mand of the local and State authorities au-thorities are in many cases wholly inadequate to furnish free instruction instruc-tion to all who need it This is especially I tou ne pecially true whore before emancipation I emancipa-tion the education of the jeo I pIe was neglected or prevented prevent-ed in the interest of slavery Firmly convinced that the subject of popular education deserves the earnest attention of the people of the whole country and with a view t wise and comprehensive action by wie government of the United State I respectfully recommend that Congress by suitable legislation legisla-tion and with proper safeguards supplement the prpr educational units in the several States where fund duties and responsi grave bullies of citizenship have been devolved on the p ple by devoting to the purpose grants of the public lands and if grnt by from necessary appropriations 1eossry Treasury of the united States tle te Whatever the government can fairly fair-ly do to promote free popular education educa-tion ought to b done Wherever general education i found peace eucton virtue and social order prevail and civil and religious liberty are secure CIVIL SERVICE REFORM In my former annual messages I have asked the attention of the Congress to the urgent necessity of a gross t nrent nesiy reformation of the civil service system of the government My views concerning the dangers of patronage or appointments for per appitment p ptonae fconal or partisan consideration sna by observation have been strengthened my ob servation and experience in the Executive Ex-ecutive offlceand E believe these dan threaten the stability of the gem treatn te stbIty te government Abuses s carious In their nature cannot cerous permanently per-manently tolerated They tend t become more alarming with the enlargement of the admin istrative service a the growth ot the country in population increases the numbers of officers and placemen place-men required The reasons are im lemtive I for the adoption of fixed rules for the regulation of appointments appoint-ments promotion pay and removals establishing a uniform method hav ing exclusively in every instance the attainment of the best qualifications qualifi-cations for the position in question dueh a method i alone consistent with the equal rights allcitizena and the most enomicl and efficient administration ad-ministration of the public business Competitive examinations in aid 01 impartial appointments and promotion promo-tion have been conducted for some years past in several of the execu live departments and by my direction ibis system has been adopted in the custom houses and postoffices of the larger cities of the country I the city of New York over two thousand thou-sand persons in the civil service have been subject on their appointments appoint-ments and tenure of place t the operation of published rules for the purpose During the past two years purpe the results of these practical triak I have been very satisfactory and have confirmed my opinion in favor 01 t this system of selection All are subjected t the same test and the I result is free from prejudice by reult fre frm prejudic personal per-sonal favor or partisan influence ft secures for the position applied foi the best qualifications attainable Ii among the competing applicants is an effectual protection from the pressure of importunity 1 u which unuer any OLDer course pursueu largely exacts the time and attention atten-tion of the appointing officers to their great detriment in the discharge dis-charge of other official duties preventing pre-venting the abuse of the service for the mere furtherance of private or party purposes and leaving the em loye purp government freed from the obligation imposed by patronage to depend sole ly upon merit for retention and advancement and with this constant con-stant incentive to exertion and improvement im-provement invaluable results have ben attained in a high degree in the offices where the rules for appointment appoint-ment by competitive examination eXmlaton have been applied A method whici has so approved itself by experimental experiment-al tests at points where such test1 may b fairly considered conclusive hould be extended t all the subordinate subor-dinate positions under the pitions government govern-ment I believe a strong and growing public sentiment demands immediate measure for securing and enforcing the highest possible efficiency in the civil service and its protection from recognized abuses and that the experience ex-perience referred to has demonstrated demonstrat-ed the feasibility of such measures The examinations in the CustomHouses Custom-Houses and Postoffices have been held under many embarrassments and without provision for compensa tion for the extra labor performed by the officers who have conducted hemand whose commendable interest inter-est in the public service has induced in-duced this devotion of time and labor without pecuniary reward A con rewar cn inuance of these labors gratuitously ought not to be expected and without with-out appropriation by Congress for compensation it is not practicable to extend the system of examinations generally throughout the civil service ser-vice I is also highly important hat all such examinations should be conducted upon a uniform system and under general supervision Sec tion 1753 of the Revised Statutes autoriz tho President t pre crib for the regulations for admission admis-sion to the civil service of the Unit Stt and for this purpose t employ em-ploy suitable persons t conduct the requisite inquiries with reference to the fitness of each candidate in respect t age health character knowledge and ability for the branch of service into which he seeks to enter but the law i prac ically inoperative for want of requisite appropriation I therefore recommend an appropriation ofS 5 309 per annum 1 meet the expenses expen-ses of a commission to be appointed by the President in accordance with the terms of this section whose duty it shall be t devise ajust uniform uni-form and efficient lystcm of competitive compe-titive examination and to supervise super-vise the application of the same throughout entire civil service of the government I am persuaded that the facilities which such a commission com-mission will aflord for the testing of the fitness of those who apply for office will not only bo a welcome a relief to members of Congress a it will be t the President and heads of departments but that it will also greatly tend 1 remove the causes of embarrassment which now inevitably in-evitably attend the conflicting claims of patronage between the legislative and executive execu-tive departments The most effectual check upon the competition upn comptton of influence and official favoritism in the bestowal of office will be the substitution of an open competition I of merit between the applicants in which every one can make his own I record with the assurance that his success will depend on this alone I also recommend such legislation as while leaving every officer free as any other citizen to express his I political opinions and to use his means forgtheir advancement shall I also enable him to feel a safe as any private citizen in the refusal of all demands upon his salary for political purposes A law which should thus guarantee true liberty and justice to all who are engaged In the public engge service and likewise certain stringent provisions against the use of official authority to coerce the political acton ac-ton of private citizens or of official subordinates is greatly t be desired The most serious obstacle however serous to an improvement of the civil service ser-vice and especially to reform in the metho of appointment and removal remo-val has been found to bo the practice prac-tice under what is known a the spoils system by which theappoint mg power has been so largely encroached I I en-croached upon by members of Congress I Con-gress The first step in the reform of the civil service must be a complete I com-plete divorce between Congress and the Executive in the matter of appointments ap-pointments The corrupting doctrine trine that To the victors belong the spoils is inseparable from Congressional patronage as the established rule and practice of the parties in power I seems to b understood by applicants for office and by the people generally that representatives re-presentatives and senators are entitled en-titled to disburse the patronage of their respective districts and States I i i not necessary to recite at length the evil resulting from this invasion of the executive functions The true principles of government on the subject of appointment to office a stte in the national conventions conven-tions of the leading parties of the country have again and again been approved by the American people and have never been called in Ieve bn clled question ques-tion in any quarter The authentic expressions of public opinion upon this question are the statement of the principles that belong 1 the constitutional structure of the government Under the Constitution Con-stitution the President and heads of departments are to make nominations nomina-tions for office The Senate i to advise ad-vise and consent to the appointments appoint-ments and the House of Representatives Represen-tatives to endorse The best interest of the public service demand that these distinctions b respected that senators and representatives who may be judges and accusers should not dictate appointments to office To this end the attention of the legislative department of the government gov-ernment is requested alike by the necessities of thecase and by public demand Members Congress will not b relieved from the demands made upon them with reference t appointments to office until by legislative enactment the pernicious pernici-ous prctc I condemned and forbidden for-bidden I i therefore recommended recommend-ed that an act be passed defining the relations of members of congress with respect 1 appointments to office by the President and I also recommend re-commend that the provisions section sec-tion 1767 of the revised statutes comprising of prising the tenure of office act March 2 1867 b repealed Believing Believ-ing that t reform the system and methods of the civil service in our country i one of the most imperative impera-tive duties of statesmanship and that it can b permanently done only by the cn cooperation of the legislative cprton lative and executive departments of the government lagain recommend the whole subject t your considerate consider-ate attention UTAH AND POLYGAMY I is i the duty and purpose of the people of the United States to suppress sup-press polygamy where it now exists in our territories and prevent its extension Faithful and zealous tort have been made by the Unit id States authorities in Utah to en I brce the law against it Experience shown that the I las legislation up in this subject to effective requires xtensive modification and amend nents The longer action is delay I id the more difficult it will b to ac I what is desired I omplish deire Prompt nd decided measures are necessary I he Mormon sectarian organization rhich unholds nolviramv has the whole power of making and executIng ng the local legh latiou of the Terri tory By its control of the grand and petit juries it possesses large influence over the administration of justice Exercising as the heads of this sect do the local political power of the Territory there the-re able to make eflectual their hostility to the law ofCongr son s-on the subject of polygamy and in act to prevent its enforcement Polygamy will not be abolished if gmy the enforcement of the law depends on those who practice it and uphold the crime It can only be suppressed suppress-ed by taking away the political power pow-er of the sect which encourages and > ustaius it The power of Cougre to enact suitable Jaws to protect the ferritories is ample I is not safe for half way measures The political politi-cal power of the Mormon sect is increasing in-creasing I controls now one of our wealthiest and most populous Territories Terri-tories I is extending steadily into other Territories Wherever it otcr Terrtorie goes establishes polygamy sectarian political power Its continued violation of the sanctity of marriage andthe family relation is a disgrace to society and civilization Religious liberty and separation of church and state are among the elementary ele-mentary ideas of free institutions Co the reestablishment of the interests in-terests and principles which polygamy poly-gamy and Mormonism have imperiled imperil-ed and fully reopen to intelligent and virtuous immigrants of all creeds that part of our domain which crees prt has been in a great degree closed to general immigration by the immoral institution it is recommended that the government t of the Territory of Utah be reorganized by enactment of Congress providing for a government gov-ernment for Utah by a governor and judges or commissioners appointed oy the President and confirmed by the Senate or a government analogous t the provisional government ment established for the territory northwest of the Ohio by the ordinance ordin-ance of 17S7 I however i is lome best to continue the existing exist-ing form of local government I recommend re-commend that the right to vote hold office and sit on juries in the Territory of Utah be confined to those who neither practice nor thos prctce uphold up-hold polygamy I thorough measures sures are adopted it is believed within 3 few years the evils which now afflict Utah will be eradicated and this Territory will in good time be one of the most prosperous and attractive of the new States of the Union RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN Our relations with all foreign countries coun-tries have been those of undisturbed peace and have presented no occa sion for concern n t their continued con-tinued maintenance My anticipation anticipa-tion of an early reply from the British government to the demand de-mand for indemni y to our fishermen fisher-men for injuries suffered by that industry in-dustry at Fortune Bay in January 1878 which 1 expressed in my last annual message was disappointed This answer was received only in the latter part of April in the present year and when received exhibited a failure of accord between the two oenment as to measures of inshore in-shore fishing privileges secured to our fishermen by the treaty of Washington and of such a character charac-ter that I made it the subject of communication to Congress in which I recommended the adoption of measures which seemed t me proper to be taken by this government govern-ment in the maintenance of the rights accorded our fishermen under the treaty and towards the securing of indemnity for injury these interests inte-rests had suffered A bill to carryout carry-out these recommendations was was under consideration by the House of Representatives at the time of the adjournment of Congress in June last Vithin a few weeks 1 have received a communication from Her Majestys government renewing re-newing the consideration of the subject sub-ject both of indemnity for the injuries inju-ries at Fortune Bay and of the interpretation inter-pretation of the treaty in which the previous correspondence had shown the two governments to b at variance Upon both these topics a disposition towards a friendly agre ment is manifested by the recognition recogni-tion of our right to indemnity for the transaction at Fortune Bay leaving the measure of such an in demnity te a further conference and I by an assent to the views of this government presented in the previous ious i-ous correspondence that the regulation regula-tion of the conflicting interests of the shore fishery of the provincial e coasts and the vessel fishery of our fishermen should be made the tle subject of conference and concurrent arrangement between the two govern gov-ern a basis maybe may-be found for a speedy adjustment of the various views on the interpretation inter-pretation of the fishery clauses of the treaty of Washington which n the correspondence between the two governments stood at the close of the last session of Congress seemed irreconcilable AtTSTRLIAN EXPOSITIONS In the important exhibition of art and industries which was held last year at Sidney New South Wales a well a in that now in progress at Melbourne the United States have been efficiently and honorably represented presented Exhibitors from this country at the former place received a large number of awards in some awars of the most considerable cnsideble depart deprt ments and the participation of the United States was recognized by special mark of distinction In the exhibition at Melbourne the share taken by ou country isno less nota ble and an equal degree success i confidently expected RELATIONS WITH FRANCE SAlE SAl-E The state of peace and tranquility now enjoyed by all the nations of the continent of Europe has Its favorable influence commercial and upon our diplomatic ad cmmecil relations with them We have concluded con-cluded and ratified a convention with the French republic for the settlement of claims of the citizens of one country against the other commis Under this convention a commission sion presided over by a distinguished distinguish-ed publicist appointed in pursuance I appinted of the request of both nations by his Majesty the Emperor of Brazil has lInjet Empror been organized and has begun its orgniz session in this city A congress t consider means for the protection of industrial property has recently benin ben-in session in Pars to which 1 have appointed the ministers of the United Unit-ed States iu France and Belgium aa delegates The international commission com-mission upon weights and measures also continues the work in Paris I attention to the necessity invite your atenton t tle leei ty for an appropriation on to b made to enable this government to comply with the obligations under the metrical convention Our friendly relations with the German Empire continue without interruption At a recent international exhibition offish of-fish and fisheries at Berlin the participation par-ticipation of the Tnited States notwithstanding not-withstanding the haste with which the commission was forced to make its preparations was extremely successful suc-cessful and meritorious winning for private exhibitors numerous awards of high class and for the country at large the principal prize of honor offered by His Majesty the Emperor Lime result of this great success cannot can-not but be advantageous to this important im-portant and growing industry There nave been some questions raised b ween the two governments n t he proper effect and interpretation f our treaties of naturalization but I = < t r = = < recent uispaicues irom our JUOlSLr at Berlin show that favorable progress pro-gress is making toward a understanding under-standing in accordance with the views ot this government which makes and admits no distinction whatever between the rights of native and naturalized citizens of the United States Complaints of molestation suffered by naturalized natural-ized citizens abroad have never been fewer than at present There is nothing no-thing of importance to note in our unbroken friendly relations with the governments of Austria Hungary Hussia Portugal Sweden Norway Switzerland Turkey and Greece During last summer several vessels belonging to the merchant marine of this country sailing in neutral waters were fired at boarded and searched by an armed cruiser of the Spanish government The circumstances circum-stances a reported involve not only private injury to the persons concerned con-cerned but also show too little observance ob-servance of the friendly relations existing I isting for a century between this country and Spain The wrong was brought to the attention of the Spanish government in a serious protest and remonstrance and the matter is undergoing investigation by the royal authorities with a view to such explanation or reparation a may be ea led for by the facts The commission sitting in this city for the adjudication of claims of our citizens against the government of Spain is i I hope approaching the termination of its labors Claims against the Unite States under the Florida treaty with Spain were submitted sub-mitted to Congress for its action and I again invite your attention to this long standing question with a view to the final disposition of the matter At the invitation of the Spanish government a conference has recently re-cently been held at the city of Madrid Mad-rid to consider the subject of protec don by foreign powers of the native Moors in the empire of Morocco The minister of the United States in Spain was directed t take part I in the deliberations of this conference confer-ence the result of which is a convention con-vention signed on behalf of all the powers represented The instrument instru-ment will be laid before the Senate for its consideration The government gov-ernment of the United States has also lost no opportunity t urge upon the Emperor of Morocco Moroc-co necessity in accordance with the humane and enlightened spirit of the age of putting an end to the persecutions which have been so prevalent in that country of persons of a faith other than Moslem and especially of theHebre v residents of Morocco The consular treaty concluded con-cluded with Belgium is not ye officially promulgated owing ow-ing to the alteration of a word in the Senate of the United States which occasioned delay during which the time allowed for ratification expired LIme Senate will be asked t extend he period for ratification The attempt tempt to negotiate a treaty of extradition extra-dition with Denmark failed on account ac-count of the objection of the Danish government to the usual clause providing viding that each nation should pay the expense of the arrest the prisoners pris-oners whose extradition it asked RELATIONS WITH CHINA AND JAPAN The provision was made by Congress Con-gress at its last session for the expense ex-pense of a commission which has been appointed t enter upon negotiations with the Irn Kirial government of China I on subjects of great interest The relations of the two countries enabled en-abled the Commissioners to proceed at once upon their mission The Im erial Government to penal Goerment was prepared five prompt and respectful atten tion to the matters brought under negotiation and the conferences proceeded pro-ceeded with such rapidity and progress pro-gress tha on the 17th of November lat two treaties were signed at Pekin one relating to the introduction introduc-tion of Chinese into this country and ono relating to commerce Mr Frescott ono of the Commissioners is now on the way home bringing the treaties and it i expected they will b received in season to be laid before the Senate early in January Our Minister in Japan has negotiated negoti-ated a convention for the reciprocal recipro-cal relief of shipwrecked seamen I I take occasion to urge once more upon Congress the propriety of making provision for the erection erec-tion of suitable fireproof build ngs at the Japanese capital for the use of the American legation and the court hoise and jail con nectedwith it The Japanese government gov-ernment with great generosity and courtesy has offered for this purpose a piece of land In my last annual message I called call-ed the attention of Congress to the subject of the indemnity funds received re-ceived some years ago from China and Jap I renew the recommendation recommen-dation then made that whatever portions of these funds are due t American citizens should be promptly prompt-ly paid and the residue t the nations na-tions respectively to which they justly and equitably belong ROCMANIA The extradition treaty with the kingdom of Roumania which ha been for some time in course of negotiation ne-gotiation has during the past years been conceded and duly ratified Relations of friendship and amity have been established between the government of the United States and that of Roumania We have sent a diplomatic representative tc Bucharest and have received at this capital a special envoy who has been charged by his roya highnes prince Charles toannouiitt the independent sovereignity ofRou maniawe hope for a speedy development develop-ment of commercial relations between tween the two countries MEXICO In my last annual message I e I presed the hope that the theprevalenci of quiet on the border between thi I country and Mexico would soon be como s assured n t justify the modification of the orders then i force to our military commanders in regard 1 crossing the frontier without encouraging such disturbances disturb-ances a would endanger r the peace of the two countries Events moveu in accordance with these expectations expecta-tions and the orders were accordingly according-ly withdrawn to the entire satisfaction satis-faction of our own citizens and the Mexican Subsequently Meicn government Subseuet ly time peace of the border was again destroyed by a savage foray under the command of Chief Victorio but by the continued and harmonious action of the military forces of both countries his band has been broken up and substantially destroyed destroy-ed There i reason t believe that the obstacles which have so long prevented rapid and convenient communication between the United States and Mexico by railways are on the point of disappearing and that several important enterprises 01 this character will soon b set on foot which cannot fail t contribute largely to the prosperity of this country New envoys from Guatemala Guate-mala Colombia Bolivia Venezuela and Nicaraugua have recently arrived ar-rived at this cpial whose distinction distinc-tion and enlightenment affords the best guarantee of the continuance of friendly relations between ourselves our-selves and these sister republics COLOMBIA The relations between this cororn ment and that ol the United States ot Oolombin have P al1 public atton tan during t I piut year mainly b > reason of tiu piojpect of an inter oceanic canal aotos the Ithmua 01 Panama to be built by private capital cap-ital tlnHar fino ajtrina frnm thn fVt I uuur uunu UL og lombian government for that pu poae TDD treaty obligations sul b lietiuK between the Uuiitd tit t < c and Colombia by t nhiuh n guuruuUe the uatiniiality of Ib m transit and aoveri nty Inl i property of Ibo Colombia Mbmun ujkc I uects < 4ry ttut tb I coidtiod uu er trhicn go clnpsr dt us u rhdiigf iu the legi n embrace by ihe e ueuntsis wiuld beeflcted I traust swing as it nould this Iitfc mus T < ru u barrier between be Al laoiu cud P oifio OCOIUB into a gate t flY cud UioroU hUru halweeu thjn for time USTIP3 nnd merchant ships c the world Should receive the appova ottbU KoverniDfnt consistent wit h tha dUchsrgo of tnese obligations 01 our part aud oousident with othe inter t t the principal commercia i power ol Ibe wentern hemisphere the views nhtch I rxpreseod in a Hpecuil tiiFfctace to Congress in Marc i t hut in relation to this project Ideen a 1 it my duty tj a jinn pHI upon you r attention Subsequent coniideratior has but confiimsd the opinion thai I t u is the right nod flu if f the Unite t eiat 8 to otsisl aud I stain sue b euptrviaioii and itunty over any luterocenuic canal across the isthmus isth-mus that cjna > cB North and South America aj wit protect our nations I interest i THEPERUCHILIiN WAn The war between the Republic ol joili on the one hand and the allied I republics ot Peru and Boliviano the I other still continues The government ment bag not fet called upon to interfere in-terfere whh he bflngareut rights of I the pirtiea i3 independent elates Wo have however always held ourselves our-selves in readinefs to aid iu accommodating accom-modating their diflereuces and Sat S-at diflereut times notified both belligerents ol oar nillingness to render such fsrvice Our goo I offices in this direction were recently accepted by all beHicerentaand it wa hoped they would prove efficacious I but I regret to announce that tin measures which the ministers ot the United States at San Dispo and Lima were authorize to Uke with the view to bringing about peas were not euccfsstul la the course of the war some questio B bare Arisen aQdctipg neutral rights In all cases the ministers min-isters of the United states have under their instructions acted with promptness prompt-ness and energy in protecting American can interests BRAZIL 4The relations of the United States with he Empire of Brazil continue to be most cordial and their commercial commer-cial intercourse steadily increases to their mutual advantage ABQESTISE EEPDBLIO The internal disorders with which the Argentine Republic has for sometime some-time past been ifilleted and which have more or lets influenced its external ex-ternal trade are understood to have been brought to a close This happy r remit may be expected to redound to the benefit of the foreign commerce of that republic as wolla to Sits S-its vast intercourse SAMOA In the Samoan government Kin Maietoa under the support and re cgnitioi of concular representative of the United States Great Britain and Germany seems to have given m peace and tranquility to it While It does not appear desirable to adopts adopt-s a whole the whole the scheme 01 a ripple government which hag been proposed the common interest of the three great treaty power require m harmony in their relations to the native form of government and thi a may ba best secured by a simple dip I omatic agreement between them L It would be well if the consular juris I diction of our representative at Apiz were increased in extent and impor ance so aa to guard American in L eresta in the surrounding aa1 outlying outly-ing lands of Oceania CLEOPATRAS HSEDLE L xue ooeiisc generouiiy presemuu I I by tha Khedive of Egypt to the City ot New York DM safely nrrivad matins his country and will ba erected in the metropolis EGYPTIAN BEDTime BED-Time commission for the liqcida lion of the Egyptis ilobt ham lately concluded it work > nt this government govern-ment at be ean ef s Iicitude of the I Khedive bin acceded to the provia Ions adopted by hI whuh will ba bid before Congress Ur information The cominissoii or tae revision of I the judicial code ot UJB reform trib inal of E yst ii i jow in section in tteria Mr F rln consul general aDd J M Bttcheldor Esq have been appointed as commistionera to participate in i nu vork The organ ton of reform n mals will probably prob-ably be continued forknaothcr perioi 01 five years SAS1TAHY COXFESESCZ In pursuance of the act passed At the last seeeiou of Congress an invitatiOn tation ba been extended to foreign maritime statva to join in a sanitary conference in Washington beginning the fet of January Te acceptance of this invitation by many prominent powers gives promise ot success in this important measure designed t eaablieb a system of international i notification by wich the spread of I infectious or epidemic dUa sej my I b3 vented more eflectvely checked or pre TRADE AND COMilEECE Toe attention of Congress is invited I t the necessary appropriations for i carrying into effect the statue to enlarge en-large the trade and commerce of the United States through the active agency of consular officers and I through the dissemination of information infor-mation obtained from them There baa been unrelated interest in these efforts AS developed in onr commercial a commer-cial cornmuDltie and thQ value 01 the information secured by thtj = means to ha trade and manufactures of the country was recognized by Con gress at its bat session and provision was made for the more frequent publication pub-lication of consular and olbt repor by the department of state Ice first issue of thin publication baa now been prepared and subsequent issues aay regularly be expected The m port ance and interest attached to thu report of consular officers are witnessed by the general demand for them by all classes of merchants and manufacturers engaged in our foreign trade I is believed the system ot snob publication is deserving of approval by Congress ind the ne oeesary appropriatbu for its con unuance and enlargement will cojn mend < itself to your oomideMtioD Our foreign commfrce invites and < sven require nctivi development Especially imonrtant i it hit cur ooimerrial motions wth the AI antio and icfic C aU of Bout America w ill HIt West India And the Calf of Mexio should be direct nd not ibrjucii tit circut of the European fytlem and should be carrie car-rie on in our own botioais Full appreciation ap-preciation 01 t the oprjflrtunitits which our front on the Pacific Ocean give 10 commerc with Japan China and East Imdia with Australia and the island j group which lie along the e routes of navigation should inrpre equal eCorle to appropriate to our own shipping and to adoiinitttr by our own Genital due proportion 01 this lude Wbateve modifications ol our regulations of lra aud i iwigntion my be neces ary or useful to meet and direct these impuhes to the enlargement of our exchange and of our carrvinp trade I am cure the wudom of Congress will be ready to supply One initial c measure however seems to me soC so-C clearly useful end efficient that I venture e ven-ture t press it upon your tamest attention d at-tention it iccai t bQ very evident p that the proviiiou ot regular Item postal communication by and from gOTcrnment has been the forerunner d of the commercial predominance 01 Great Bttaii on all these coats and teas the greater pMt < of tvhcaa trade is now the desire and intentofoar peo pie I is also manifest that the efforts of other European nations t contend l with Great Britain far n share of this l comtnorca haTe ben successful in I proportion with their adoption of regular team postal communication with tho mtkets whose trade they i sought Mexico and the states of South America are anxious to receive such postal communications with this country and aid iu their development develop-ment Similir cooperation may be looked for iu duo time from eastern nation and from Australia It is difficult t see how the load in this movement crn be expected from private pri-vate interests In respect to foreign commerce quite 1 much as in internal ernal trade po > Ul communication seems necesfuily a matter to command com-mand public aiiniuuration and titus pertain to government I re pec tfuly recommend t your prompt Attention such just and efficient measures as may conduce t the development de-velopment of our foreign commercial xchiiQRu and the bulUing up of tbo carrying trade PACIFIC CABLE In this connection I desire also to suggest the very great service which might b expected in enlarging and facilitating our commerce on tha Pacific Pa-cific Ocean were Ja transmarine cable aid from SAO Francisco to the Sandwich Sand-wich ItUnds ted thence to Japan at he nerth and Australia at the south The great influence of such means of commuuicAti n in theme routes of navigation in developing and securing secur-ing a due share to our Pacific Coast 01 I the commerce of the world needs no illustration or enforcement It may lam that such enterprise useful find in the end profitable ai it would pre i to private investment needs to be accelerated by prudent legislation by Congress in its aid and I submit the matter to your careful considers lon ESLAEQEilEST OF TIE NAVY An additional and not unimpor ant although secondary reason for fostering and enlarging the navy may be found iu unquestionable series ser-ies to the expansion of our commerce com-merce which would rendered by be frequent circulation of naval ships in the seas and port of all quarters of the glebe Ships of proper construction and equipment to be of be greatest efficiency in casa of maritime war might ba made con taut and active agents in time ot peace in the advancement and protection prot-ection of our foreign trade and in the nature and discipline of young seamen who would naturally in some numbers mix with and improve im-prove the crows of our merchant ShIpS Our merchants at home and abroad recogniz the value to foreign commerce ol he active movement of our naval vessels and the intel ence and patriotic zeal of naval officers of-ficers in promoting every interest of their countrymen is a just subject for national l pride THE FINAKCiH The condition of the financial af airs of the government ai shown by the report ot the secretary of the treasury u satisfactory I in believed ieved the present financial situation ol the United States whether con iJered with repeat to trade currency curren-cy credit growins wealth or extent and variety of our resources ii i more avorable than tot ot any other country of oar time and has never been surpassed by that of any noun 5 f < anr narirvl ft fitatnrff Tnrinj J J p W J riB thriving the rate of interest I is low new railroads are being constructed con-structed vest immigration ia jncreas leg our population our capital 1 and labor new enterprises in great nun ber are in progress and our commer rial relations with other countries are improving The ordinary revenue from I sources or the fiscal fis-cal year ended June 3 1SSO were cents being omitted from easterns S186 522064 from internal revenue 124 009373 from sales of public lands 10116 506 from the tax on circulation and deposits of nation l banks 7014971 from the repayment of interest by the Pacific railway companies 1707867 from the sinking fund for Pacific railway companies 796621 from cutoms lees fines penalties etc 1148800 from fees consular letters paten and lands 2337029 from the proceeds ceeds of sales ot gGTeinmentJproperty 252616 from the profits of coin n n 1 < L L age eto syaieo irom me Hat nue ol the District of Colombia 1809469 from miscellaneous sources M 099 063 total ordinary receipts 333526610 The ordinary expenditure fur tho same period were for civil expenses 15693963 tot foreign imercoursa 1211490 for Indians 945457 for enaions including 19 341 025 smears of pensions 56 771 174 for the military esUJluhaiFin including the river and harbor KJprorcuiEnts i and arsenals 33 116 916 for time naval establishment including vessels machinery and impnAVuienU at the navy yards 13 53G 981 for missel laneous expenditure mctudia public pub-lic bivlJmgs hgbtnoaieg and collect inz the revenue 34535691 fIr ftVeUe 453691 > r expenditures ex-penditures on account or tho District of Coutnbia 3272381 for interest on the public debt 95757575 for the irermuai on bonds purchased 2795320 total ordinary expend tares 267642957 leaving a surplus ICVEQUO of 658368 whicb with an amount drawn from the cash balance in the treasury of 8084434 j making I 73968087 was applied to the redemption re-demption ol bonds for the sinking fund 73 652900 of fractional currency cur-rency 251717 of the loan of 1858 U0 ot the temporary ban 100 ul bounty land scrip 2 ol compound interest tnte 16500 of 7SO notes 0 18645 2 650 ut oue and two year notea 3700 of ud demand totes totil l 73955 U37 The amount due the sinkioe fund for thia year i 37931643 Ihere WIt applied thereto the sum of 73904617 beig 85972973 iu excess of the actual requirements re-quirements fur the > ear The aggregate aggre-gate ol rv ime from all source during SUe fiscal year ended June GOtlt 1880 naj 333 526610 au incH a e ntrr the preceding year of 59699426 The receipts thus Inr the current yeartogetber with tue estimated receipt re-ceipt tur the rein iaer of the year amount to 330000000 which will ba sufficient to ma t tHeatiuiated expenditures ex-penditures if the 3sr and leave a surplus of 90 000 000 It is fortunate fortu-nate this large surplus of revenue oo curs at a pencd when it may be applied ap-plied to the payment of the public debt soon to be redeemable No public duly has been more cherished in the United Elates than too policy of paying the nations debt as rapidly as pcfeibla The debt of the United Statra less the cash in the treasury and exclusive pt securing interest at tamed its maximum of 2756441571 in August 1865 and lit sleet that ima been reduced to 1856019504 Of the principal of the debt 108758 103 has been paid since March lit 877 effecting an nnauai saving ol r merest of 6107593 The hinder I f interest has also been daiiniahed I by > the sale of bonds bearing a low rate I ot interest and the up lio ioi of thm > r03seds to the redemption of bonds I earing > a higher rate The annual saving thus secured tines March 1st 877 is 14290453 Within a short period over six hundred mil ions ol 5 and 6 pr cent bonds will become redtemnble This presents very ftvorblu opportunity not only U further reduce the prm ipal of the debt but alto to reduce be rate of interest on that which will remain unpaid I call the attention atten-tion qt Congress to the views expressed on this subject by the secretary of the treasury in his annual report and ecomoisnd prompt legislation to enable the treasury department to complete te rerunning of the debt which is about to mixture The continuance con-tinuance of specie payments baa not been interrupted or endangered since ho date of resumption It baa con ributcd greatly to the revival of business busi-ness and to our remarkable pros erity The fears thai preceded and accompanied resumption have proved groundless No considerable amount 01 United States notes has been pro enled for redemption while very large sums of gold bullion both domestic do-mestic and imported are taken to the mut and exchanged for coin or note i The increase of coin and bullion in the United States since Jannary 1st 879 is estimated at 227899428 LEGAL TENDERS There are still in existence 346 81016 in United Slates legal tender notes These notes were authorized as a war measure made necessary by the exigencies of the conflict in which the United States was then engaged The preservation of the nations existence required in the judgment ot Congress the issue of legal tender paper money That it served well the purpose for which it was created is not questioned but the employment employ-ment of notes aa paper money indefinitely in-definitely after the accomplishment cf the object for which they were provided pro-vided was not contemplated by the framers of the law under which they were issued The noted long since became like any other pecuniary obligation of government a debt toe > to-e paid and when paid to be can called as a mere evidence of in ebtednesa no longer existing I therefore there-fore repeat what was said in my annual message of last year that the retirement from circulation of United Statcu notes with the capacity ol legal ender in private contracts ia a step to be taken in oar progress towards cafe and stable currency which should be accepted as the policy and duty of government ia the interest and ee urity of the people THE STANDARD DOLLAR At the time of the passage of the act now in force requiring the coinage coin-age of silver dollars fixing their value and giving thorn a legal tender charter char-ter it was believed byjjmany sap orUrs of the measure that the silver dollar which it authorized would speedily become under the operations a the law of equivalent value to the gold dollar There were other supporters sup-porters of the bill who while they doubted as to the probability of this result nevertheless were willing to give the proposed experiment a fair trial with the view to stop the coinage coin-age if experience should prove that he silver dollar authorized by the nil continued to bootless commercial value than the standard gold dollar The coinage of silver dollars under the act referred to began in March 1878 and has been continued aa rs uired by the acfe The average rate per month to the present time is 2276492 The total amount coined prior > to the lit of November last was 72847150 Of this amount 47084450 remain iu tae treasury end only 25763291 are in the lands of the people Constant effort h MO tvaatt marla In Iraon thia Plirrvmnv in circulation and considerable ez pease bes been necessarily incurred I for the purpose but iU return to the treasury is promot and cure Con mary to the confident anticipation of friends ol the measure at the time of its adoption the value of the silver dollar containing 412 grains of silver has not increased During the year prior to the passage of the bill au aorizirjg its coinage tho market value of the silver which it contained was from 90 to 92 cents aa compared with standard gold dollars Dar nz last year the average anti market value of the silver dollar has been 88 < eats It ia obvious that the legisla ion of the last Congress in regard to silver so far AS it was baid on an au icipated rime in the value of silver asa as-a result ot that legislation baa failed to produce the eflect then predicted The longer the law remains in force requiring as it does the coinigefof a nominal dollar which in reality it not It t Ii a uoiiar mo greater uuuuujca tua danger that this country will be forc1 to accept a single metal as the sole legal standard of value in circulation and this a standard ot lea value than it purports to be worth in the recog nizsd money of the world The con stitation of the United Stile sound financial principles and oar beat interests all require tht we have as HJ legal leader money both gold and silver of intrinsic value aa bul lion equivalent to that upon its face it i purports to poseaa The constitution in express terms recognizes bath gold and silver as the only true legal ender en-der money To banish cither of thes metals from oar currency ia to narrow nar-row and limit the circulating medium of exchange to the disparagement of important interests The Unite States produces more silver than another an-other country and is directly interested inter-ested in maintaining it aa one cf the two precious metals which furnish the coinage of the world It will in judgment contribute to this re L Efc I salt if congress trill repeal so much of i the existing legislation aarcquues the coinage of a silver doUr containing t only 412k grains of euver and in Its stead will authorize the secretary of the treasury to coin silver dollars of equivalent value as bullion with gold dollars This mil defraud no man and will be iu accordance with familiar precedents Congress has r on several occasions alterad the ratio of value between gold and silver in order to establish it more nearly in accordance with the actual ratio of val > e between the two metals In financial legislation every measure in the direction of great fidelity in the discharge ot pecuniary obligations baa been found by experience to diminish di-minish the rates of interest which debtors are required to pay and increase in-crease the facility with which money can ba obtained for every legitimate purpose Our own recent finaooial history his-tory show how surely money becomes abundant whenever confidence in the exact performance of monied obligations ii established THE ARMY The secretary ol war report that the expenditures of the war department depart-ment for the fiscal ycor ended June 80th 1880 was 39924773 The appropriations ap-propriations for this department for bo current fiscal yesr amount to 41 903630 With respect to the army be secretary invites attention to the act that its strength la limited by statute section 1115 revised statute to not more than 30000 enlsted men but that the proviso contained in appropriation bills havi limited bo expenditures to an enli mont of but 15COO It is believed the full legal strength is the leatt possible force at which the present organize tion can be maintained having in view efficiency discipline and economy While the enlistment of this force would add somewhat to be appropriation for the pay of the array the saving made in other respects re-spects would be more than equivalent for this additional outlay and the efficiency of the army would be largely increased The rapid exten km of the railroad system weet of 3 he Mississippi River and the great tide of settlers which hm flowed in upon the nosy t err i ton imprse on the military an entire citame of policy The maintenance of email posts along wagon and stse routes of travel ia no longer necessary Permanent Perma-nent quarters at points ejected f amore a-more substantial character than those heretofore constructed will bo required Under existing laws permanent per-manent buildings cannot be erected without the sanction of Congress and when sales of military sites and buildings have been authorized the moneys received have reverted to the treasury and could only become available through new appropriations Is is recommended recom-mended that provisions be made by a general statute for the sale of such abandoned military posts and buildings build-ings as are found unnecessary and for the application of the proceeds to the construction of other posts While many ot the present posts are of but slight value for military purpose owing to the changed condition of bo country their occupation is con tinned at great expense and great inconvenience in-convenience because they aflord the only available shelter for troop The absence of a large number of officers of the line ou active duty from their regiments is a serious drawback to the maintenance of the service The constant demand for small detachments each ot which should be commanded by a commissioned commis-sioned officer and the various details of officers for necessary service away from their command occasion a scarcity in the number required for company duties With the view to essoningthis drain to some extent it is recommended that slaw be made authorizing the detail ot officers from tho active list aa professors of tallies and military science at certain colleges and universities be so amended as to provide that all such details be made from the retired list of the army Attention ia asked to the necessity of providiiig legislation for organizing inning anddisaiplining the active militia mi-litia of the country and liberal appropriations appro-priations are recommended in this behalf The reports of the adjutant general of the army and the chief ordnance touching this subject fully set forth its importance The report of officers in charge of education in the army shows there are 78 schools now in operation in the army with an aggregate attendance of 2305 enlisted enlist-ed men and children The secretary recommends the enlistment ot 150 school masters with the rank and pay of f commissary sergeant An appro riation is needed to supply the judge Advocate of the army with suitable libraries and the secretary recommends recom-mends that the corps of judge advocates advo-cates be placed upon tbeeame footing SB to promotion with other staff corps of the army under existing laws The bureau of military Justice consists of one officer judge advocate general and the corps of judge advocates advo-cates ot eight officers of equal rank majors with the provision that the iimitof i the corps shall remain at four when reduced by casualty or resigna lon to the number The consohda ion of the bureau of military malice and corps of judge advocates upon the same basis with other etafl corps of the army would remove an unjust discrimination against deserving officers offi-cers and subserve the interests of the LI service Especial attention la asked to the report nf the chief of engineers upon the condition of oar national ir ucG fr of many of the fortifications referred o the secretary ia able emphasize the recommendations made to the secre ary Their incomplete and defense Lees condition is discreditable to the country W bile other nations are increasing in-creasing their means for carrying on offensive warfare and attacking maritime cities we have been dormant dor-mant in preparations for defense Nothing of importance baa been done toward strengthening and finishing our case ma ted works tnne our late civil war during which the great guns of modern warfare and heavy armor ol modern fortifications and ships came into use among the nations 3 na-tions and our earthworks left by the sudden failure of appropriations some years since in all stages ol incomple tion are now being rapidly destroyed by the elements lilPBOVEMEST OP RIVERS Two great rivers ol the North American Continet the Mississippi and Columbia bare their navigable waters wholly within the limits of the United States and are of vast importance im-portance to oar internal and foreign commerce The permanency ol important im-portant work in the Sooth Pass of the Mississippi River teems now to be assured There has been no failure whatever in the maintenance of the maximum channel during the six months ended August 9th last This experiment baa opened a broad deep highway to the ocean and la an improvement im-provement upon the permanent success suc-cess of which congratulations may be exchanged among the people abroad and at home and especially among communities of the Mississippi Mis-sissippi Valley whose commercial com-mercial exchanges float in an unobstructed channel safely to and from the sea The comprehensive improvement of the Mississippi and its tributaries is a matter of transcended tran-scended importance These great water ways corapriie a system of in > a3 J3d l transportation epread liKe a net the large portion ol Wjrk over a United States and navigable to an exiont of many thousand miles producers pro-ducers and consumers alike have 8 ducr euch unequalitc common interest in unequallE facilities for cheap transportation Geocrapbically commercially ant politically they are the strongest tie between various sections of the country coun-try These channels of communication communica-tion and interchage are the property of the nation jurisdiction is paramount para-mount over their waters and plainest principles of public interest require their intelligent and careful supervision super-vision with the view t their protection protec-tion improvement and enhancement of their usefulness The channel ol the Columbia River for t distance pi about 103 mile from iu mouth ia obstructed mJa succession of bare which occasion serious delays in navigation rigation and heavy expense for light ol at erago and towage A depth least twenty feet at low tide should be eecored and maintained t < > meet the requirement of the extensive and growing inland and ocean commerce com-merce it eubeerves The mot urgent need however for this great watet nea way > 3 the permanent improvement of the channel at the mouth of tut river From Columbia river to San Francisco a distance of COO miC there Is i no harbor on the IJaciCi coast which can be approached dur I cs leg stormy weather An appropriation appropria-tion of 150 0 was made by the Fortyfifth congress for the commencement commence-ment of a breakwater and Harbor of refuge to De located at eomo point I between the straits of Fuca and San Francisco at which the necessities necessi-ties of commerce local and general will be the best accommodated Tbe amount appropriated is though to be quito inadequate for the purpoee intended The cost of the work when finished will be very great owing to tho want of natural advantages for a site at any point on the coast between S be-tween the designated limits and it has not neen thought advisable to undertake un-dertake the work without a larger appropriation ap-propriation 1 commend tbe matter to the attention of congress DEPAUTKEST BUILDINGS BUILDING-S Tho compction of the new building for the var department is urgently needed and estimates for continuing its construction are especially recommended The collections col-lections of books specimens and records re-cords constituting the army medical museum and library are of national importance The library now contains con-tains about 51500 volumes and 57 000 pamphlets relating to medicine surgery and allied topica Toe contents con-tents of tbe army medical mueum consist of 22000 specimens Their destruction would be an irreparable loss not only to the United States but to the world There are fled in the record a dupsnsary division over 16000 bound volunua of hospital records together with a great quantity of papers embracing original record 01 the hospitals of our armies during the civil war Asido from their historical value these records are daily searched for evidence needed in the settlement ot large numbers num-bers of pension and other claims for the protection of government ment against attempted frauds I as well sa for the benefit I of honest claimants These valuable collections are now in 0 building which is peculiarly exposed to the danger of destruction by fire I is I therefore earnestly recommended that an appropriation be made for anew I a-new Ore proof building adequate for the present needs and reasonable future I fu-ture expanson of tbaaa valuqble collection I col-lection Such buildings should be I u n r nrn f ln nnonH u v Uy lure for more architectural display is required I is believed that a suitable suit-able structure can bo erected at a cost not to exceed 250000 AS APPEAL TOS GHAKT I commend to the attention of Ctougrea the greatservicca of the commander com-mander in glue ot our armies dur ing the war la the Union whose wise firm ltd pairioio conduct did r much to bring that momentous conflict to a oloae The legislation of the United States contains many pre oedenU for recognition ot distinguished distin-guished military merit authorizing lank and emolument to be conferred for eniineLit services to the country An ast ot Congress authorizing the appointment ot a captain general of the army with suitable provisions relating re-lating t compensation retirement and other details would in my jUdg mont be altogether fitting and proper pro-per and would be warmly approved by the country countryTE THE NAVY Tha report of the secretary of the navy exhibits the successful and satisfactory management of that department de-partment during the last fiscal year The total expenditures for the year were 12916639 leaving unexpended unexpen-ded at tie close of the year 2141 6S2 of the amount available The appropriations for the present fiscal year endlrg June 30ih 1881 are 15 095001 and the total estimate for tbe next fiscal year ending Juno i 30th 1882 aro 15953751 The amount drawn by warrant tram July let 1SSO to November Htb 3SSJ is 5041570 Gl570LSA ALASKA Tho recommendation of the secretary secre-tary of the navy that provision be made for the establishment of some form of civil government for the people of Alaska i < approved At the present there is no protection of persons or property in that territory except such as is offered by officers of the United States ship Jamestown This vessel was dispatched t Sitka bsciusa of the fear that without the immediate presence of national authority autho-rity there was impending danger of anarchy The steps taken to restore order have bean accepted in good faith by both white and Indian inhabitant in-habitant mid tho necessity for them the-m Oi of restraint does not in my Opinion now exist II however the Jamettotcn should b withdrawn leaving our people as at present without the ordinary judicial and administrative authority of organized local gore ninent serious consequences conse-quences might ensue The laws provide only for the collection of revenue protertba of public property prop-erty and tbo transmission of mails The problem is to apply local rue I for a population so scattered and peculiar in its origin and condition con-dition The natives are reported re-ported to be tractable and 1 prtej ctbla self supporting and i properly instructed doubtless wonli advance rapidly in civilization and I new factor of prosperity I pros-perity would b added to the national life I therefore recommend le remmend requi site legislation upon this subject r Toe secretary of tho navy baa taken etepa towards the establishment of M naval coaling stations at theIsthmus J of Panama to meet the requirement f of our commercial relations with i Central and South America which are rapidly growing in importance M Locations eminently suitable both as I regards our naval purposes and the I i ages of commerce have been selected one on tho cast side of the Isthmus nt Ohiziqai Lagoon in the Caribbean 54 Sea and the other on tho Pacific et the Bay of Golfito Golfto The only cafe 4 harbors sufficiently commodious onT on-T the Isthmus are at these point and the distance between them is less than 100 mite The report of the secretary of the navy concludes with valuable suggestions with reaped to Li I tbe building up of our merchant marina service and which deeervea the favorable consideration of Con rees POST OFFICE DEPAETMENT The report of the postmaster general exmbits a continual growth nd high state of efficiency of the I postal service Tbe operations of no department of government perhaps represent with greater exactness the increase of the population and business busi-ness of the country In laW the postal receipts were 8518067 in 1880 the receipts were 33315479 All tbe inhabitants of the country are directly and personally interested in naving proper mail facilities and naturally watch the poitofSoe very elosely This careful oversight on he part of the people baa proved a Constant atimuloaa to improvement During the putt year there was an increase of 2134 pcetofhces and the mal routes were extended 27177 miles making an additional mnual transportation of 10804191 Tiiles The revenues of tbe postal lervtce for the enduing year arc estimated mated at 38 845174 and expenditures expendi-tures at 42475932 leaving a deficiency ciency to be appropriated out of the treasury of 630757 The universal postal union has received the approved of almost all the countries and colonies of the world maintaining an organized postal service and it is cocflJently expected that all the countries and colonies now outside of tne union will coon unite herewith thus realizing the grand idea and aim of the founders of the union of forming for tne purpose of international inter-national mail cotnmunicatian a single postal territory embracing the world with a complete uniformity of postal charges and conditions of international inter-national exchange for 1 descriptions aud correspondence To enable the United States to do its full shares of this gieat work additional legislation legis-lation is asked by the postmaster general to whose recommendation etpecial attention is called The lug elton of the postmaster general that i would be wile to Encourage by appropriate Segiilation tho establishment establish-ment of American lines of steamers Ameroan seamers by our own citizens to carry mails between our own ports and those of Mexico Central America South America and of trans Pacific countries coun-tries ia i commended to the serious eerous consideration of f Congress The attention at-tention of Congress is also invited to tbe suggestion of tho postmaster general in regard to postal savings TEDEEAL COURTS Tho necessity for additional provisions provi-sions to aid in the transaction of the buninetc of federal courts becomes each year more apparent The dockets of the Supreme Court and of tbo circut court in the greater number num-ber of the circuits are encumbered with the constant accessions of cases In the former curt and in many instances in the circuit courts years intervene before it ia practicable to bring cases to a hearing The at torneygeneral recom mends the establishment es-tablishment of an intermediate court of errors and appeals I is recommended recom-mended that tbe number of judges of tbe circut court in each circuit with the exception of tbe second circuit should be increased bj the additions of another judge in the tocond circuit that two should ba added and that intermediate appellate courts should be formed in each circuit to consist of the circuit judge and circuit justice jus-tice and that in the event of the absence ab-sence ol either of these judges the place of the absent judge should be supplied by the judge of one of the district courts in the circuit Such appellate court could be safely invested with Urge jurisdiction onri ifa roiinn nlr tl itn nr wuu uuw aUD in many cases where appeals would i still be allowed to thoSuprome Court The expense incurred for this intermediate inter-mediate court will require a vary aoderAte increase ot the appropriations appropria-tions for the expenses of the department depart-ment of justice This recommendation recommenda-tion is commended to tbe careful consideration con-sideration of Congress I is evident that the delay of justice iu many Instances in-stances oppressive and disastrous to Euitoranow necessarily occurs in Federal remedied Fed-eral court which will in this way be ISDIAK AFFAIRS The report of the secretary of the interior presents an elaborate account to tho operations of that department during tbe past year It lves mere me-re plensuro to say that our Indian 8f irs appear to be in a more hopeful condition now then over before The Indians have made gratifying progress prog-ress in agriculture herding and mechanical me-chanical pursuits Many nho were a few year ago in hostile conflict with tbe government are quietly Battling Bat-tling down on farms where they hope to make their permanent hornet and are building houses and are engaging in the occupations of civilized life The introduction of freighting among them has been remarkably re-markably fruitful of good results in giving many of them congenial and remunerative employment and in stimulating their ambition to eRr their own support Their honeety fidelity and efficiency as carriers are uiphlj praised The organization of a police force of Indians bai been I equally successful in maintaining law aud order on the reservttion and in exercisidg a wholesome moral icflu euca among the Indians themselves I concur with the secretary of the interior in the recommendation that the pay of this force be increased a pan p-an inducement to tbe bt class of yonnjj men to enter it Much care and attention has ben devoted to the enlargement of the educational facilities facil-ities of the Indians The means available for this important object have been very inadequate A fWjad dittonalborirding schools a the Indian agency have bern established and the erection of buildings begun for several more but an increased appropriation or this interesting undrit king i greatly needed to accommodate the large number of Indian children of school age The number offered by their parents from all parts of the runty for education in government schools is murh larger than can be accommodated with the means n present available for that Ivni ths purpose The number Indian pupils at the Normal School at Hampton Va under the direction of Gen Armstrong Arm-strong has been considerably increased in-creased and their progress is highly encouraging The Indian school established es-tablished by the interior department in 1879 at Carlisle Penn under the direction of Captain Pratt has ben successful I has now nearly 200 pupils of both seses representing the great variety of lives l cut of the Becky Mountains The pupils in both these institutions receive not not only an elementary English education edu-cation but are instructed in housework house-work agricultural and useful mechanical me-chanical pursuits A similar school was established this year at Forest Giove Oregon for the education edu-cation of tee Indian youth oa the Pacific Coait In addition addi-tion fo this thirtysix Indian boys and girls were selected from the eastern east-ern Cerobecs and placed in board ing schools in North Carolina where they aro to receive an elementary English education and training in industrial pursuits The interest shown by Indian parents even among the so called wild tribes in the education educa-tion of their children is very gratify ing and gives promise that the results j accomplished by the cHarta now I making will be of lasting benefit Tbe expenses of Indian education have so far been drawn from the permanent per-manent civilization fund at the disposal dis-posal of the department of the interior poa rior but the fund is now eo much reduced that a continuance ot this bentficial work will in future be dependent de-pendent on a specific appropriation by Congress for the purpose and I venture to express the hope that Con gress will not permit institutions BO fruitful of good results to perish for want of means for their support On tbe contrary an increase of the number of euch schools appears ap-pears to me highly advisable The past year baa been unusually free from disturbances aoaong the Indian tribes An agreement has been made witi the Utes by which they surrender their large reservation in Colorado in consideration ot an annuity an-nuity to be paid them and agree to settle in severity on certain lands designated for that purpose as farmers holding individual titles to their lands in tea simple inalienable for a certain period In this way r costly Indian wr baa been avoided which at one time seemed imminent and for the first time in the history of the country tm Indian nation has given up its tribal existence to settle m severally and live as individuals under the c mon protection of the laws of the country Tbe conduct of the Indiana tbrougout the country during the past year with but few noteworthy exceptions has been orderly or-derly and peaceful The guerilla warfare war-fare carried on for two years by Vic torio and his band of Southern Apaches has virtually come to end by the death of that chief and moat of his followers on Mexican soil The disturbances caused on our northern frontier by Sitting Bull and his men who had taken refuge in the British dominions domin-ions are also likely to cease A large majority of his followers have surrendered surren-dered to our military forces and tbe mitary remainder arc apparently in a state I I of disintegration I concur with the secretary of the interior in expressing the earnest hope that congress will before the close of the session take favorable action on the bill providing for the allotment ot lands on different reservations in toveralty to Indians with patents conferring a fee simple title inalienable for a certain period and the eventual disposition of the residue of the reservations for general settlement with the consent and for the ben ¼ fit of the Indians placing the latter under the equal protection of the laws of the country Thi method together with a vigorous prosecution ofour educational efforts will work 1 most important and et fectic advance toward the tolution of the Indian problem and in preparing pre-paring for the gradual incorporation of oar Indian population into tbe great 1 body ot agrarian citizcnsahip I PUBLIC LANDS A largo increase is reported in the 1 disposal of public lands for settlement settle-ment during the past year which I marks tbe prosperous growth of our agricultural industry and a vigorous i movement cf the population toward our unoccupied land As this movement move-ment proceeds the codification of our land laws I a well as proper legislation to regulate the disposition of public Undsbecome of more pressing necessity neces-sity and I therefore invite considara tion of Congress to the report and tbe accompanying draft of a bill made by the public lands commission which were communicated by mo tj Congress Con-gress at the list I session Early action ac-tion upon this important subject is highly desirable TIMBER LANDS The attention of Congress is again asked to the wasteful depredations committed on our public timber lands and the rapid and indiscriminate destruction de-struction of or forests Urgent ne occuLT for legislation t the end that this may be prevented it i now generally gener-ally recognized in view of the lawless character ot the depredations committed com-mitted and the ditaitrons consequences conse-quences which will inevitably follow their continuance Legislation Legis-lation again and again has been recommended to arrest the evil and preserve for tho people of our western states and territories the timber needed for domestic and other purposes pur-poses GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL SURVL The report of the director ol geological geo-logical 1 surveys is a document of unusual un-usual interest The consolidation of the various geological and geo graphiccal turvojc rod exploring enterpriaS each of which has heretofore here-tofore operated upon an independent plan without concert cannot fail r be of great benefit to all those indus dustries of ha country which depend de-pend upon the development of our mineral resources Toe labors of the scientific men ot recognized merit who compose the corps of geological survey during the first season of their field operations and inquiries appear to have been very comprehensive and will soon b3 communicated to Con ercsi in a number of volumes Ibe director of surveys recommends that the investigations carried on by his bureau which so far has been confined con-fined 10 the gocalled public land Elates and territories be extended over the entire coun eotre try and that the necessary appropriation be made for this purpose This would be particularly beneficial to iron coal and to the other mining interests of the Missia eippi valley and of the eastern nd southern states The subject is commended com-mended to the careful consideration of Congress PUBLIC BUILDINGS Toe secretary of the interior ache attention to the want of room in the I public building of tho capital now i existing and iu progress 01 construction I construc-tion tor the accommodation of tbo I clerical force employed on tho public record Necessity has compelled the renting of private buildings indifferent I 1 in-different parts of the city for the lo J cation of public offices for which a large amount of rent is annually paid while tho separation of offices belonging to the sme department depart-ment impedes the transaction trans-action of current businosr The B C retary suggests that the block surrounding sur-rounding Lafayatte Square on the east north and west be purchased as a site for 1 new edifice for the accommodation I accommoda-tion of government office leaving the square itself intact and that if such buildings were constructed upon an harmonious plan of architecture they would add very much to the beauty of the national capitol and would together with the treasury and now Bttttv navy and war department buildings form one of the meet imposing world im-posing groups of public edifices in the TEA AND SUGAR The commissioner of agriculture expresses the confident belief that his eflorts in behalf the production of i our own sugar and tea have been encouragingly I en-couragingly rewarded The impoit ance of the results attained have attracted at-tracted marked attention at home and have received special consideration considera-tion from foreign notions The EUC cesaful cultivation of our own tea and the manufacture of our own sugar would make a difference of many millions of dollars annually in thee the-e 1th of the nation CATTLE DISEASE The commissioner ak altenI ton particularly to the conj I tinned prevalence of infectious and contagions cattle diseases known in Europe and ASIA as the cattle plague or pleuropneumonia Amid A-mid type of this disease in the present condition of our country is the occasion of great loss to our farmers and a serious disturbance to our trade with Great Britain whicn furnishes a market for most of our live stock and dressed meats Tne value of cattle exported from the United States for tbo eight month ended August 31 1880 was more than 127000000 and nearly double tbe value for the lame period in 1879 an unexampled increase in tbe export ex-port trade Your eirly attention is solicited to this important matter PUBLIC AKD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS The commissioner of education reports re-ports a continue increase of public interest in educational affairs and that the public schools generally throughont the country are well cur tamed Industrial training uattraotint deserved at cation and colleges or instruCtion in-struCtion theoretically and practically in agriculture mechanics and arts including the govern m ant a hoth I re oently established for the instruction of Indian youths are gamingetcadil in public estimation The commie eioner aikj special attention to the depredations committed in the lands reserved for the future support ol public instruction aud totbe very great need of help from the nation for schools in the territorial end in tbe southern states Tho recom inundation heretofore made it repeated re-peated and it is urged that an educational edu-cational fund be set apart from the net proceeds of the sales of publio lands annually the income of ffhich shall be distributed on some satisfactory satis-factory plan to the states and territories territo-ries and the District of Columbia The ucce3 i of tne public schools ol tbo District of Columbia and the progress made under the intelligent direction of the board of education and superintendent in supplying tbe educational requirements of the district with thoroughly trained and efficient teachers is very gratifying SCHOOL lANDS The acts of Congress from time to time donating pubLo land to the several eiatei and territories in aid of educational interests hue proved to ba wise measures for public pub-lic good reultmv iu great and lasting benefit It would seem a matter oE simple justice to extand the beuefii of Lois legislation the wisdom of which has been HO fully indicated by experience to the District of Columbia Colum-bia I again commend the general 1 interests of the District ot Columbia to tbe favorable consideration of Congress Con-gress DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The fljtird of tbe district as shown by too report of toe commisdionera are in I very satisfactory condition In my annual messages heretofore and in my special message ot December De-cember 15th 1879 I have urged upon the attention of Congress the nccesiity of reclaiming the marshes of toe Potomas adjacent to tbe capi tel and again I am constrained by its importance to advert to the subject > sub-ject Tbejefiiti embrace an area of eeverl hunrded acres They are tin impediment to the drainage drain-age of the city and seriously impair us health I u believed with the eubjlaatml improvement of the riverfront river-front the capital would be in l respects re-spects one of tbe most attractive cities in the world Aside from its permanent population this city is necessarily tie place of residence ot persona from every section of the country engaged in pubic service Many others reside here temporarily In thA trAnIrton nf hnairri wiLl the government It should not ba forgotten thai the land required nil I probably be wo th the cost of rr claiming it and the navigation ol too river gre < tly improved I therefore again lilt the attention of Congress to provide prompt provision for this muchneeded and too longdeUyed improvement The water mpply ot the city is inadequate In addition to the ordinary ueo throughout the city the consumption by government in the navy yard arsenal and various de artment aud n large quantity if i required for tho proper preservation 01 the numerous perks and the cleansing of sower I recommend this subject to receive the early Attention ot Congress and that in making provision for an in created Euppiy such means be adopted as will have In VICW tbe future groivlh of the city Temporary expedients for each a purpose cannot but ba a waste of money and therefore there-fore unwise and a more ample reservoir reser-voir with corresponding facilities for keeping i filled should in my judg mont be constructed I recommend again to toe attention of Congress the subject of the removal from their present location of the depots at the several railroads entering the city and I renew the recommendations of my former messages in behalf of the congressional erection of 1 building build-ing for a library tbe completion of the Washington monument and ot liberal appropriations in support of tbo benevolent reformatory and penal institutions of the district Signed RUlHERFtfD B HAYES Executive Mansion Deo Gth 1S81 |
