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Show THE SAUNA SUN. SAUNA. UTAH i&Me ($? iHlsass WD5 wno It is not the purpose of this article to try to twist the British lions tail. All this Is ancient British statesmen history. nowadays are publicly admitting that Its course with Its American colonies was a mistake. The two nations Are now probably closer together than is-MCODLD ever before. Possibly on the cohesion of the English-speakinpeoples depends the safety of the world. Nevertheless, this "If Is Intensely Interesting. Was Jack-so- n right In his interpretation? And If he was right and If he had been defeated, would BritCharles Samuel Deneen (portrait ain have held on to New Orsucceeds Medlll McCormick herewith), leans or let go? Figure out as senator from Illinois In the next the answer for yourself. congress. He was born in the Sucker In any event the Battle of State In 1863. He Is a college man New Orleans was au extraorand began to practice law In Chicago Word of the dinary affair. in 1890. He has mixed law and poliBritish reached expedition tics successfully. lie was a member of Washington early In December the Illinois house of representatives of 1914. President Madison orin 1892. In 1895-- 6 he was attorney for dered the mlllta of Kentucky the sanitary district of Chicago which and Tennessee to Join Jack-so- n turned the Chicago river backward. at New Orleans. Jackson This reversal of nature is one of the arrived there December 12. He much-vexe- d questions of the day, Inorganized a force of about ternational in fact. He was states atcomposed of about 1,000 torney for Cook county (Chicago), 1896-190and the fees he collected regulars, local volunteers, free men of color and Barataria He was govermade him Pirates under Jean Lafitte. nor of Illinois from 1905 to 1913. At The Lake British entered the close of his second term he reBorgne, nine miles from New sumed the practice of law In Chicago. Orleans, December 23. They Senator Deneen may be prominent were 10,000 strong, largely in the senate in connection with the made up of veterans of F.uro-pea- n two great waterway questions: The wars nnd were considered St. Lawrence waterway and the Lakes-to-Gul- f Certainly as atwaterway. invincible. Preliminary skirmlie valuable had he for the had district experiences. torney Chicago sanitary ishes toJc place, Jackson Is a strong speaker and makes a good appearance on the platform. And he killing time In anxious waiting certainly knows his way around In politics national as well as state, nis for the Kentucky and Tennesfriends point with pride to him as a fine example of the practical politician. see rillemen. They arrived at g C. S. Deneen, New Senator From Illinois 0. well-to-d- HtiHHminiMtiiWiU B. M. Why Old Hickory Victory Was Decisive 'Battle of the World DICKINSON SHERMAN ANUAKY 8, 1815, one hundred and ten years ago, Americans under Gen. Andrew Jackson defeuted British under General I'akenham at the Battle of New Orleans. It wus one of the most extraordinary victories In all military hls-- 4 tory. From one viewpoint It was a De cisive Battle for America and for all the world. Old Hickory so regarded It. If the British had Is one of the fascinating Ifs of our history. won Following Is u chronology of events having a more or less direct bearing on the Battle of New Orlenns : 1759 Victory of Wolf over Montcalm at Quebec closes century struggle between French and British for possession of America. 1762 France bilks Britain by secretly ceding to Spain Louisiana west of Mississippi lUver and Island of New Orleans. 1763 Treaty of Parts, giving French America to Britain. 1763 George III bilks American Colonies by counQuebec Act, making Alleghanles-Mlsslsslpcrown lands. try 1775 Fighting begins In Revolution. 1778 George Rogers Clark captures Illinois Country and Virginia takes possession. 1783 Treaty of Versailles, making the Mississippi Western boundary of new nation 1789 Constitution takes effect. United States Is born, Washington Inaugurated first President. 1800 Treaty of St. Ildufonso; Spain cedes Louisiana to France. 1803 Purchase by America from Louisiana France. 1804 American Flag replaces Spanish and French flags and Clark Expedition to Paciflo. 1812 War against Britain; Louisiana admitted to Union. 1814, Dec. 24 Peace Treaty of Ghent. 1815, Jan. 8 Battle of New Orleans. Comment on chronology: At the end of the Franco-BritisAmerica for Spain was struggle stronger than France, so Louis XV secretly ceded the territory west of the Mississippi to his ally. In 1S00 Spain was decadent und France was the France of Napoleon, who apparently had the world at his feet. Moreover, Napoleon was planning a new French empire along the Mississippi to take the place of the one lost on the 1lulns of Abraham. So Napoleon took back from Spain the territory ceded In 1702. The United States found the mouth of the Mississippi closed to Its shipInterests. Thereupon Jefping by French-Spnnisferson sent Livingston rnd Monroe to Napoleon with $2,000,000 with which to buy the mouth. Napoleon kept them twiddling their thumbs while lie went on with his preparations. Confronted in 1803 with the necessity of choosing between colonizing und fighting Britain, he chose to tight. He then literally forced upon the Amerlcun envoys the Louisiana Purchase for $15,000,000. Jefferson was aghast. The East stormed In protest. There was but about $23,000,000 in circulation In the whole But the West wus pleased. Congress country. ratified the purchase. In the War of 1812, while the pence negotiations which led up to the Treaty of Ghent were under ay, the secret expedition against New Orlenns was crossing the Atlantic. The Treaty of Ghent was signed December 24, 1S14, both parties being Uninformed of course ns to tbe success or failure of the expedition against New Orlenns. The treaty contained a provision for the restoration of all territory taken by either nation during the war. Presumably the Americans assumed that this provision covered the possible taking of New Orleans. What had the British In mind? Representative James OConnor of the first congressional district of Louisiana, In which lies the battlefield, rend Into the Congressional Record January 8, 1923, an excerpt from the writings of William Allen (1806-79)- , representative and senator from Ohio and later governor of Ohio, la It Allen tells of a conversation with President Jackson In the White House, slortly after the admission in 1836 of Arkansas, the second of the 13 states to be made In whole or In part from the Louisiana Purchase. The first thing of course was a drink. The toast proposed by Jackson was The new star in our Flag Arkansas. Thereupon Jackson said to Allen: "Do you know, Mr. Allen, that this new state , which has Just become a part of our vast Republic Is one of the first substantially large fruits of my victory at New Orleans?" By JOHN pl h h -- Baruchs High Court of Commerce At a reunion of the war Industries board Bernard M. Baruch, Its former head, made the suggestion that there should be established a sort of high court of commerce. He called It that, he said, for want of a better term. It Is a proposal, primarily, to establish a government agency which would encourage whatever practices of In industry and would be found of public benefit. It would be an agency of judicial help aad guidance for Industry. Business men might come before It for guidance rather than for chastisement. They would bring to It such questions as whether in time of and low prices they could cut down production, fix prices, eliminate wasteful practices and encourage standardization. It would be the means of definADTTUZAZ PAKEJrHAJ'r ing as clearly ns possible the governc.kA. fStofa ments relation toward business. Diftlie last moment, Jackson I lion entrenched on ths fering from, say, the federal trade I'lains of Ctmlinette, uhout four miles south of the commission, it would have constructive as well as inquisitorial powers. It would be composed of business men whose experience and abilities, In the city, using cotton hales for breastworks, January 8 the British veterans marched In solid opinion of congress, fitted them to deal justly with the vital problems which ranks directly upon the breastworks, scorning the perforce would be put before such a supreme court. He said, among other few little cannon that barked ut them. At 200 things : yards they were still marching as If on dress Such a plan would provide a way of approaching Industry, or, rather, of parade. Then the Kentucky and Tennessee rifle- Inviting Industry to approach the government In a friendly spirit, with a view men opened up. They stood three deep. The first to help, not to harass and hinder. But the experiences of war should be capline fired and moved back to give place to the sec- italized. All this should be stimulated by some government agency, clothed ond rank. By the time the third line had fired the with power and responsibility to stand guard against abuses. first line was ready. Always they fired at the officers and file leaders. The veterans broke, reformed, came again and broke the second time. In less than half an hour the riflemen killed and wounded 2.600 British. General Fakenham was mortally wounded. General Gibbs, second in command, shared his fate. General Keane, upon whom To a gray frame house In a little command devolved, was shot down. General Lamfrequented street In Terre Haute, Ind., bert then withdrew the British forces and soon turn the eyes of the broken-heartesailed away to Mobile, where word of the signing the discouraged of the world. There of the peace treaty was received. The veterans lives a quiet, man W'ent home to whip Napoleon at Waterloo. The whose name Is known the world over. American loss was 8 killed and 13 wounded. , He Is Eugene Debs, Socialist, who What a remarkable battle! And a feature of It spent three years In prison because Is the contrast between the opposing forces. The of his political views and who Is back home again after four months In a British veterans, supposedly invincible, supremely sanitarium. in solid disdaining tactics, marching ranks in direct frontal attack upon the breastwork Debs has begun work on a book of cotton hales. Behind the breastwork a motley which will be published In the spring. It will be a collection of prison stories. array French and Spanish creoles (local white men The material for these stories was free Lafitte ofAolor; his and residents); pi rates; convicts nnd the Kentucky nnd Tennessee gained through his own prison experimountaineers who had come by river In flathoats. ences. Of those experiences he says: A second feature Is that it was the Kentucky I was not In prison, not my souL At my will those prison walls could rifle vs. the British musket. Both sides withheld their fire until about 200 yards. At that distance vanish, the bars melt into thin air. I could roam the universe. But I sufBrown Bess the Britisli smooth-bormusket. In the hand of a veteran, was usually able to put fered with those about me, those who could not escape that prison, those a bullet somewhere In the ranks of nn opposing who were the victims of circumstances nrmv. The American rifle in a frontiersmans and who didnt understand. Those prisoners were not criminals because they hands would put its bullet In the head of any specifwere just naturally mean and different from the rest of humanity. With the ied- individual In the front ranks of the enemy. right treatment practically every one of them could be reclaimed for society. European soldiers fired by volleys in the general direction of the enemy. American riflemen picked Love, kindness, understanding, is what they need. I know. I tried it on them their target and made every shot count. Looking and it worked. at the tngaceinent now, the British were simply led up to slaughter. And there was Lafitte nnd his pirates! At war with the constituted authorities, they were yet Americans when It came to resistance against an invader. Captain Lock.ver of the Rritish navy, ofSenator Charles Curtis of Kanfered Lafitte a pardon, a captains commission and sas (portrait herewith) Is the new $30,000 to join the British expedition. leader of the senate, succeedmajority And as to the American leader surely no more the late Senator Henry Cabot ing picturesque figure ever enlivened the pages of of Massachusetts. Senator CurLodge American history than Old Hickory." has Indian blood in his veins, ne tis As to the pictures: The portrait of Jackson was born In Kansas In 1860, got his represents him In Inter life as a civlllnn; as education In the schools of Topeka, fighting man in uniform he wus a different figure mixed law and politics and has been altogether The statue Is tbe famous Rocking-Horsever since his election to prominent Statue, which In replica stands In Wash- the house in the Fifty-thircongress. President Coolidge Is He was first elected to the senate In ington and New Orleans. shown placing a wreath on the Washington statue. 1907. The New Orleans statue stands in Jackson square, In the selection of Senator Curwhere Jackson drilled his troops. Facing the park the tis political experts profess to see Is the famous old Cahlldo (1795) In which the the beginning of the domination of the Louisiana Purchase wa consummated. For generations West in congress. In the other picture Is shown Admiral Sir Wilsealiam Christopher Fakenham of the British navy New England and other Atlantic whenever ruled have board the states on the grave In New Orleans of placing a wreath Republican party was In power. Even Gen. Sir Edward Michael Fakenham, killed In the conBattle of New Orleans. Admiral Pnkenham, re- under western spe&kers the East which framed the committee trolled cently retired from command of the British fleet legislation. Whenever the Democratic In North Atlantic and West Indian waters. He Is party Is in power the South is In the a grand nephew of General Fakenham. an dele, as a result of the operation of the seniority system in the makeup of The Plains qf Chnlmette today are beautiful with ( ommittees. Now, the West is getting Into the saddle by virtue of that aame great live oulS. Bills have been Introduced In On each committee the senators and representatives of longsystem. seniority to make New the congress Orleans battlefield the service stand at the top of the list est continuous center of a national park. n Allen was surprised and said so, remarking i..i the Treaty of Ghent was signed 13 days before the battle was fought and adding: "General, I am familiar with that treaty and It provided for the restoration of all territory, places and possession taken by either nation during the war, with certain unimportant exceptions. Following are the high points of the ensuing conversation, Jackson doing most of tbe talking: Technically you are quite correct. replied General Jackson, and his smile was mure triumphant and proud than before "But, my dear Allen, said the old hero, 'those very words would have been used to defeut the purpose of the American commissioners at Ghent, because the Battle of New urleans was fought after the war; 15 days after the war technically ceased by treaty "If General Fakenham with his 10,000 veterans could have annihilated my little army and captured New Orleans vnd all the contiguous territory, technically after the war. Great Britain would have held that territory, abrogated that treaty, and utterly Ignored Thomas Jefferoon'a great deal In real estate with Napoleon. Moreover, he continued, "Great Britain had other cards up her sleeve. "Here are the transcripts from the Department of State concerning the famous treaty of Ghent. Here are the minutes of the conference which were kept by Mr. Gallatin, who records. " 'The British commissioners emphatically declared. We do not admit Bonapartes construction We cannot accept It of tho laws of the nations in relat.on to any matter before us." one of our American com"At that moment not missioners comprehended the awfully deep significance of those few word o. But every one of the commissioners of Great Britain knew that General Fakenham was on the way to New Urleans with upward of 10,000 veteran soldiers. In their judgment and It was a wise judgment, too 10,000 British soldiers should, and would, clean up and wipe out an army which America could muster, for the Iakenham invasion was to be a triumphant and surprise military coup "Now, I can tell you. Mr Allen, that 1 did not know, and my boys behind those hales did not know, what a prize the British were after nor what a service we were rendering our country We were simply typical American soldiers, fighting for our country as Amerlcun soldiers always do, ready and do and die. willing to dare, But since 1 have been President 1 have ascertained trom diplomatic sources of unquestionable authority that the British ministryto did not Intend to permit the treaty of Ghent apply to the Louisiana Iurchuse at all. The whole body, Lord Liverpool, the Duke of Iortland. Greenville, Percl-vand Castlereagh, all of them, utterly and emphatically denied the right of Napoleon to sell Louisiana Therefore, their commissioners declared. 'We cannot accept Napoleon s Interpretations of International law In relation to any matter before us. Now, you see, Mr, Allen," said, the proud old hero, "the British ministry In London held most vehemently that this country had no right to that Immense territory no right at all. They Intended to hold that it was entirely extraneous to the terms of the treaty of Ghent And, If General Pakenhant had been successful at New Orleans as, under all of the ordinary rules of war he ought to have been, with his tremendously overwhelming force of veterans if he had defeated my little, thin line of riflemen, If he had killed or captured me. If he had won that battle as Great Britain had every reason to expect of him, he would have held his ground Moreover, he would have fortified his positions, and Great Britain would have sent other veterans enough to forever hold that great prize, the Louisiana Purchase "But. my dear sir, British diplomacy and British military power combined knew nothing of my Tennessee and Kentucky riflemen. The will of the enemy was strong and Intelligent; but the will of God was far above It all. Providence willed that this Nation should live, grow, and be the cradle of the liberty of the world" Then General Jackson n hymn"God moves In a quoted a mysterious way, His wonders to perform,' and con eluded his narration: "The astute diplomats, the trained commissioners of Great Britain, cheerfully found It easy to throw sand Into the eyes of our honest commissioners at Ghent; but, Allen, they could not ward off the cold lead which my rough and ready riflemen sprinkled Into the faces of their veterans at New Orleans. AU of the tangled web that British diplomacy and English cunning could weave about our inexperienced commissioners was torn to pieces and soaked In blood in half an hour by the g rifles of my squirrel-shootjn- g pioneers cf the mountains as they carefully took their aim from behlad those Vovulnerable bales of cotton. al - well-know- red-coat- never-missin- && iWsmm&V &&? Eugene Debs Now Writing Prison Stories mild-manner- e Curtis of Kansas Is New Senate Leader d |