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Show E 4 THE SAUNA SUN, SAUNA, UTAH f i miW ITS AMAZING HISTORY a Privilege to Live in J First Movie Actors Worked for Early Films Seriously , Not Even No One Took the Joy of it or for the' NUMBER Thirty-seveyear ago there were no moving picture. Today tN movie Industry rank fourth In the United 8tatea, with an inveeted capital of 11,500,000,000, employing more than 500,000 per. eon In production, distribution and exhibition, with 60,000,000 pereon paying from ten cent to two dollars for weekly admiselone to theater, bwge and small, dotting town and cities through-- ' lit the country. n VICTIMS ISLANDS BELIEVED GREAT these days can be measured by a review of a graph catalogue, then current: 184 . J.) of Thomas Alva Edison buzzed excitement on the mornlDg of October 6, 1889. Two men, one young, the other older, were keenly Interested In a bluek wooden box about five feet high. Near the top was a peep-boland the young man, with an air of triumph, urged the older man to peer Into the small opening. Inside an arc light spattered. There was a noise of machinery, and there came Into view a transparent strip of celluloid bearing the prints of many photographs. As the strip began to move, the photographs came to life. It was a moving picture of the younger man, walking, smiling, hat In hand, approaching as If to extend a As he came nearer there was heard the phonographic reproduction of the young man's voice, saying : Good morning, Mr. Edison. Glad to see you back. I hope you are satisfied with the e, two-volum- d e To Settle a $25,000 Wager The credit for the discovery of Instantaneous photography is given to John D. Isaacs, a civil engineer, working for Leland Stanford in 1872. Stanford maintained that artists were all wrong in their pictures of horses In action. Their legs were shown In unnatural positions, he declared, and made a bet of $23,000 that he was right He engaged a San Francisco photographer, Eadweard Muybridge, who later received the glory, to catch a trotting horse In action by employing a battery of cameras. Muybridge failed. Isaacs, knowing something about photography, realized that the lens shutters then In use were too slow for the Job. and so he attached rubber bands with a hundred-poun- d pull to the shutters. This gave an exposure of one of a second and "caught" the motion of the horse. Muybridge, who was the photographer, gained the fame. Isaacs went on about his own business, attaining success, and rarely referred to the Incident Later the task performed by the battery of cameras was done much more efficiently with a single camera, a spring taking the place of the rubber bands. In 18S0 LePrlnce, a Frenchman llvtng In the United States, used sensitized strips of paper In place of the wet plate, and soon after Carbutt substituted celluloid for the paper. George Eastman, a photograph supply man of Rochester, N. Y.. produced much thinner celluloid strips and put them on the market In the form of dry plates for his kodaks. Dickson, In September, 1889, bought a small supply for use In the klneto-scopas Edison called Ids new device. Edison sold the exploitation rights to this device to a firm consisting of Norman C. Raff, a western capitalist; Frank Lombard, president of the North American Phonograph company, and Frank Gammon, a young business man. In turn, they marketed state and foreign rights to their toy. Edison, at his West Orange laboratory, agreed to produce the pictures. Edison obtained a patent on his kinetoscope In 1891. Learning that foreign patents would cost about $150, he told his attorney that they were not worth It. A patent more or less meant nothing to Edison. He failed also to protect his Invention for a disk record for his phonograph, preferring the cylinder type. How many millions were lost because of this neglect can only be guessed at. The first motion-pictur- e actor In the world, according to Mr. Itamsaye's findings, v as one Fred Ott, a mechnnlc In Edison's laboratory. lie dressed in absurd clothing and . made funny e, Earthquake Shakes Arkhangelo, Arnimea, or Caught in th A r. Apolakkia, and Mono-lithMore Than 2000 Homes Are Destroyed o; Act 26 ft. An elderly but gay broker seated at bis deek dictating to his pretty stenographer. He stops In the progress of his letter and bestows kiss on the not unwilling girl. A he does his wife enters. She Is enraged. Taking her husband by Rome. A great earthquake .has dethe ear she compels him to get on his knees. The pretty stenographer bursts Into tears. stroyed more than 2OQ0.houses on the island of Rhodes, In the Aegean sea. They Use the Cutback The villages of Arkhangelo, Arnlma, The Life of an American Fireman,"- - produced Apolakkia aDd Monolitho suffered In 1902, was one of the first pictures to utilize that most severely from the continued cutback. It showed a shocks. very effective device,-th- e child In- - a burning house, with the brave fireman Athens. A disastrous earthquake of on his way. unprecedented violence Is reported to In 1903 Adolph Zukor, a Chicago furrier, arrived have occurred at midnight on the isIn New York to collect $3,000 which a friend had land of Crete. The shocks were folborrowed to. start a penny arcade. It was' not lowed by loud rumblings, with landprospering, and Zukors efforts to save his money slides and the collapse of houses, put the furrier Into the penny arcade business, causing many fires. and later le.d to his meeting with Marcus Loew, The center of the disturbance was anotheh penny arcader. By 190C Zukor was a at Candia, important coast city, where y theater proprietor. Famous Players-Laskthe entire population was thrown into .corporation, the worjds biggest movie concern, re- a panic. Similar experiences are resulted, while. Loew is head of the from Kanea, on the other end ported company, a close rival. of the island, and from many of the Carl Laemmle, clothing store clerk of. Oshkosh, smaller towns and villages In Crete. of 1905 confided to a Chicago Wis., In the wlnt The number of victims Is believed advertising agent that he was tired of the clothing to be great.' Accurate Information is business. They talked over the possibilities of the still lackingj A movies. Finally he opened a theater in 190G. It is believed the earthquake extendfew months later he started a film exchange and ed over a large area. The Athens obsold prints to other showmen. Out. of Jiis subsestates that the center of the servatory effort's'to Interests the Independent organize quent was between the Cyclades earthquake In their fight agulnst Edison came the Universal Pictures. Both Laemmle and Cochrane, the adver- islands and Crete, probably originating in the Sandorlni volcano. tising man, made fortunes. Other shocks are reported from the In 1907, the censorship pot, long slnfmerlng; boiled over. Ramsaye recalls for us the Chicago Ionin islands In western Greece. Latest reports indicate that the Tribune editorial, "The Five Cent Theater, which damned the nickelodeon up and down hll'l. At shocks which rocked the island came that time Chicago hhd 119 such $)ipws. They entirely without warning, and lasted were blamed fo.r Juvenile cylme, and a list of for fully five minutes. The famous .archaelogical museum pictures, to which objection was taken, was printed. The same year New York officials became at Candia was destroyed. The quake show in the city. was felt all over Greece and the aroused and closed every Islands. Aa late dispatch states Exhibitors protested, there was a compromise, and as a result the NatlontfijBoard of Censorship was that serious damage was done at . formed. The first state to puss' a censorship law Rhodes. . ' was Pennsylvania In 1912. 1 full-fledg- gset-TTng- This was the remarkable demonstration which greeted Edison upon his return from the Iaris exposition. The proud young man was William K. L. Dickson,- an Englishman who five years before had come to study under the tutelage of the Wizard of Menlo Park. Edison had entrusted Dickson with the development of certain Ideas, and this was what the young man hud to show for his labors. The Motion Picture I Born The birth of the motion picture Is marked offFrom this crude beicially by this demonstration. ginning, in less than thirty-seve- n years It has attained the Importance of a major Industry, providing employment for more than a million persons throughout the world, and giving entertainment to more than 100, (XX), 000 persons weekly In every civilized and many uncivilized lands. Following the formula that the time to write history Is while It Is happening, an American, intimately acquainted with the film lndil?try, has produced, after five years of careful, Intelligent e research, a history which bears the title, A Million and One Nights: the Illstory of the Motion Picture." lie Is Terry Itumsaye, former newspaper man, screen editor and executive. The original edition, of which there wene only 327 sets, each bearing the autograph of Thomas A. Edison, and selling for $73, was launched by Simon & Schuster, those two young men whose success with the cross-worpuzzle books startled the publishing world In 1924. Mr. Itamsaye set out about six years ago In search of his material. The pursuit took him to U sections of the United States and many parts of Europe. Dickson was found living In retirement In France. lie Interviewed the rf-,- Inventor of Instantaneous photography on Cape Cod. In all he talked with more than 400 Individuals who contributed to the growth and development of the art Court and corporation records were made to give up their stories, while letters and original papers were still available, as they may not be to a later historian. Starting as far back as he could go, Mr. Ram-eay- e traces his picture history from Aristotle to Edison. He shows us the camera obscura, the magic lantern, Stainfers whirling disks, the spinning coin of Ilerschel, but the two most important developments, he says, were the camera by Daguerre, the Frenchman, In 1S29, and the Inception of wet-platphotography In 1SG0. Pretty Stenographer; Blo i ROOM klneto-phonograph- ." The OF TEMBLOR . ON MEDITERRANEAN Free Advertising the Inventors By PROEHL HALLER JAKLON Five of the West Orange (N. Utah I -- high-powere- d Notes News It Thomas Alva Edison, Inventor of the motion the film, the camera and the Kinetoscope technological foundation of the art of the motion picture. (Courtesy Simon and Schuster.) faces. Soon vaudeville actors begun to appear. A young dancer numcd Dennis was among them. She is now Ruth St. Denis. The first motion-picturemporium was opened April 14, 1S94, nt Ns. 1155 Rroadwuy, New York. Ten' peephole kiuetoscopes attracted the public. It must be remembered that pictiyes on the screen as we know them had not yet made their appearance. All ii'iovles were shown to one person at a time, through the peephole. TTiis, of course, limited the patronage. The magic lantern, on the other hand, for several ' hundreds of years had s fdiown to entire audiences. picture ' e Dod-ecan- On the Screen at Last Why not combine the magic lantern "and the kinetoscope? This question stirred, almost simultaneously, the minds of several men, Including. Edison. In Chicago Edwin Hill Amet pondered the Idea; In Virginia Irof. Woodvill Latham played with It; In England Robert Frlese-Green- e started working, and in France two Instrument makers, Louis and Auguste Lundere, set about to put motion pictures on the screen. Out of all this effort grew litigation which In one form or another was going strong until as late as 1911, and may still have a belated appearance on some court dockets. Mr. Itamsaye says 'that the Lumiere projector made Its debut In March, 1895, under the name of the clnemutograph. Several weeks later Professor Latham, In America, demonstrated his projector, and only a short time later Amet made his showing. In general, all these devices were the same, with minor exceptions In the perforation of the film and In method of winding and rewinding. These precipitated legal battles In which were spent millions of dollars In costs, only to end, as a rule, In compromise and combination of the competing parties. Thus the projector, the last vital development of motion pictures, was ready to revolutionize the world of amusement as early as 1895. The first public screen showing was made April at the old Roster & Rial music hell, street. New York. These were simple subjects, dancers, acrobats and the like anything with action In It The Idea that any actor would want money for his efforts never occurred to the early film makers. The publicity they got out of It was held to be a Spanish Carmenclta, ample remuneration. dancing star, performed ; Annnhelle Moore put on a serpentine; Sundow and other notables of the time all worked on this basis of payment. 20, 1890, . Censorship Begins About this time came the first censorship. The Edison company had produced a piece in which Dolorita put on a hoochie-kohie, a dance made known to America at the Chicago worlds fair. KInetoscopes by this time, In 1S90, were fairly well distributed, and there were several doing business on the Atlantic City board walk. Somebody took a peep at Dolorita, became shocked at her performance, and promptly wrote a letter to the authorities. The result was that the owner of the establishment wrote the New York office, Send me another film. say that Dolo-rlta- s dance Is too strong." As early as 1890 the movies, not yet known by that title, of course, began to attract the attention of scores of men who saw the opportunities for ' Their Imaginations had been fired money-makinby such exploits as the filming, In 1897, of the s fight at Reno, which ran 13,000 feet, and was shown at the old New York Academy of Music, the first special showing of a picture. The same year one Alexander Victor, a magician, opened the first motion-picturtheater' with 200 chairs In' It". This was in Newark, N. J and admission was 25 cents. It soon failed. The war with Spain helped boost the new art. Here was an opportunity to get real action. The Vitagraph company, formed by Jimmy Blackton, a New York reporter, Albert E. Smith, a spirit cabinet exhibitor, and one Pop Rock, a Harlem billiard hall keeper, concocted a picture called Tearing Down the Spanish Flag." In Chicago ws dealer by day and ticket George K. Spoor.-neende" by night in a cheap vaudeville house, and Edwin 11. Amet, the Inventor of one kind of projector, showed the destruction of Cerveras fleet. Roth of them were fakes. The flag was "toru down" on a lot in Brooklyn, and the fleet was maneuvered In a wash tub at the Waukegan (111.) studio of Spoor and Amet. This was the day of the film pirate. If anyone made a picture which attracted the public, others Immediately would copy It. The industry had lured the unscrupulous entrepreneur as well ns those who lived by higher ethics, and where money is at stake anything Is likely to happen. One company produced the story of the crucifixion ' and another promptly copied It and bootlegged" It to not unwilling exhibitors. The status of general production of pictures for o The-poll- ce Corbett-FItzsimmon- e Appealed to Rough Element The cinema, Jt seems, had been in bad odor, more or less, from the start. . Its appeal, its critics asserted, was mainly to the rough element." Then, too, followed "the theater disasters In which many persons lost their lives'. Films often caught fire in the crude projection machines, and main persons feared to enter such theaters because of the reported danger to .their lives. Everyone had heard of the'Charity Bazar fire in 1S97 at Purls. Nearly 180 persons, among them many French nobles, had lost their lives when a projector lamp exploded. Prejudicial feeling arose td Impair seriously the stfitus immediate! of the screen jn the mln'ds of the upper classes. 'With the establishment throughout the country of many theaters there was created a 'demand for more and better films.. People were tiring of ths old variety of subjects. Exhibitors Wanted story pictures, and the producers! anew. The motion picture had no respectability then, and actors were scornful. It was necessary to seek out the hungry ones and tactfully "suggest work In the pictures." Actors" who niet on the movie stages of Edison, Vitagraph and Biograph in those days kept their film shame a secret. It was the accepted practice of the time to Impress the actors Into'service. as carpenters, scene painters, and the like. Florence Turner, an early favorite, when not acting was mistress of the wardrobe. But when Maurice Costello went over to Vitagrftph from Edison a precedent was set up. I am an actor and I will act but I will not build sets and paint scenery. He won on his dignity. . Enter Charlie and His Pants . Charles Chapman made Ills screen debut In 1913. His big pants and curious gait caught the eye of Adam Kessel of the New York Motion Picture compnny, who strolled into a theater Just In time to see the act go on. Kessel offered him Charlie re- $75 "a week to appear in the films. fused It, as he did a subsequent offer of $100 a week. Finally the ante was raised to $150 and he His first picture was made at Los accepted. Angeles for Keystone. It was called the Kids Auto Races, arid made a hit. Other Chapman-picturefollowed, and the little Englishman be-- , came famous before his name was known. Later-hi- s name was changed to Chaplin. Of the Inter developments in the Industry, the most significant was the effort to avoid censorship and regulation that might seriously Interfere with progress. In 1917 a wild .party for Fatty Arbuckle in Boston drew unfavorable attention both to the players and film officials who attended It. In 1921, Arbuckle with other movie-peoplsmashed into a screen scandal. The divorce of Mary Bickford from Owen Moore In Nevada was another cause' of scandal because of her early marriage to Douglas Fairbanks, an actor just winning public favor. The producers felt that something had to be done. They formed an association of motion picture producers, and chairplaced at the head of R Will Hays, one-tim- e man of the Republican national committee, and ' postmaster general. Hays tackled his Job seriously, and Is now the screens most powerful figure when It comes to deciding on what may be shown. He can "kiir any story and can exile any actor from the screen And be has used this power. Mr. Ramsaye has brought his fascinating history down to the separation of the producing department from the exhibiting department of the FaBalaban A Katz of mous Players organization. Chicago took over the theaters. On June 5, 1920, Famous Players bought them back. This present article mentions only' scattered s gleanings from the eighty-on- e chapters of work. For one incident set down here there ' are scores of equally interesting ones gathered In the two volumes. The one thing about this history which appeals perhaps more than any other single quality is the attitude of the historian. Ills face was not long and stern when be wrote. lie saw the human side of til's comedy drama. He hat a tw'ukle in his eye. p s Ram-saye'- l A oclock Satcarloads of cherries had been shipped out of the state so far this season by express, according to information received by Paul Kelly, chairman of the agricultural committee of the chamber of commerce. Until the corresponding date last year, twenty straight carloads had left Utah. . Logan. July 3 is the date set for the annual Wheat day on the Levan ridge, located close to Nephl, accord-Into an announcement made by Superintendent A. F. Bracken of the Nephl substation of the Utah Experiment station. The original date was July 8, but a change was considered necessary In view of the rapidity with which the wheat crop Is maturing. Vernal. At a hearing before the public utilities commission Wednesday on the matter of grantnig a franchise to operate an auto freignt line from Vernal to Salt Lake City, a compromise was effected between the Sterling and the Transportation company smaller trucking companies of the basin, whereby it was agreed between the parties that the former company should operate between Vernal and Salt Lake City over .the Strawberry route, and .the latter companies would operate from Vernal to Price. Price. For the first time, etoragq water behind the big Horsley dam near Scofield has been turned out and is being distributed over the through the network of canals. JValJace R. Wayroan, water commissioner for (he Price river system and Orson P. Madsen, agricultural agent opened the valves at the dam, the simple ceremony marking the beginning of an era of agricultural development in the Price river irrigation disUntil Salt Lake City. urday night, fifty-eigh- 8 t dsi-tri- trict.. Salt Lake City. A gqvernment check for $16,249.47 final federal aid payment on the Fort Duchesne-Verna- l project, was received at the office of the state road commission receiftly. Weber county funds amounting to $19,-18which will be applied on the Gate project, Morgan county-Devil- s also were received by the road commission, as was a check for $5000, betterment funds for the extension of the rock wall In Ogden canyon., Mt. Pleasant. At a recent meeting of the Sanpete county commissioners and representative citizens of ML .with Supervisor Pleasant, together J. W. Humphries pf the forest service. Commissioners George E. Cook and L. P. Nelson, pledged the support of the hoard 'on the road building pro0, Supply Bill In House Brings Battle Washington. Indulging. .Jn one of its favorite pastimes of the present session, the house Monday participated in a round of prohibition debate. Consideration of the second deficiency supply bill, which among other Items Carries $2,686,700 to supplement the $10,635,685 already provided for prohibition enforcement during the fiscal year beginning July 1, served as the vehicle for bringing up the subject. While Representatives Gorman, Republican, Illinois, and La Guardia, Progressive-Socialist-- , New York, vig- gram between Fairview and Hunting-ton- ! orously assailed the .dry law and conditions under It, Representative UpBrigham City. W- - H. Wattis, vice shaw,. Democrat, . Georgia, urged his "president and manager and D. B. Pratt party tp come out with a ringing agricultural engineer, of the Utah-Idah- o pronouncement in support of the eightSugar company, came to Brigeenth amendment In the 1928 presi- ham City with the view of inspecting dential campaign. some, of the beet fields in this part of. the county. Final Vote On Farm Bill Soo.n The first .crop of alfalfa Roosevelt. is cut in the lower centraf section of Washington. With the .hope that the basin, and most of it .has Keen in farm legislation can be disposed of the stack for two weeks. The second this' week, Republican leaders of the crop growths are well advanced. In house and senate are preparing for the all of tlie lower or central part of the adjournment of congress next .Satur- basin, for the first time, the farmers day. This program fontemplates the are cuting the first crop for hay, wi.th postponement until the next, and short .few exceptions, and depending on tho sessions, of the rivers and harbors second crop for seed. This is done bill, cal legislation, the French debt not only to get more hay, tiut to better settlement and a number of other mat- control the chalcis fly and other pest. ters of Importance now on the calendar. A final vote. on the farm relief Salt Lake. City. Indications are bill In the senate. is looked for by thath the total tonnage of all fruit Tuesday, and, with that idea In view, crops in Idaho will compare favorably, house leaders "are leaving Wednesday with last year, says Julius Jacobson, open for action on whatever measure agricultural statistician for Idaho, in the senate, puts through. Administraoutlook summary.- Peachtion leaders are to press the es promise 197,000 bushels, against amendment to the house. co- last years almost dismal failure of operative marketing bill, with the 23.000 bushels. Pears are forecast at hope that President Coolidges ap- 69.000 bushels, compared with 39,000 proval of this farm relief plan can bushels in 1925. The cherry crop will also be larger, and is now being harswing a majority for this as a substitute for "the defeated McNary-Haugevested. Last year 115 carloads were measure.- shipped and the 1926 figure is expected tb exceed this. total by several dozGermans Condemn Prohibition Laws en carloads. Salt Lake City. Instruction in citiEisenach, Germany The conference zenship and millitary courtesy was of German physicians meeting here, given to the citizen soldiers at their which included, as well, prominent camp a Fort Douglas Wednestraining temperence advocates, adopted a reso- day. These Instructions will he folr lution Saturday against "all forms of lowed by close order drill and lee prohibition laws," declaring that legal tures in first aid work. Major John restrictions on . personal freedom J. McCormick of .the medical corps would lead to race demoralization. will have charge of the first The conference almost unanimously voted In favor of an educational camMonticello. State Engineer H. J. paign against intemperance by propwho has the work of surveyNielson, aganda In the "schools, the promotion ing the federal aid road from Montiof sports and the curbing of the treatcello to the state line, reports that the ing habit The physicians expressed line is completed a disthe belief that the Swedish system of. center survey of twelve tance miles, which brings" government control of the sale of end of project No. 7 to the from the it was the most noteworthy In the state line. Mr. Nielson world, but asserted that even It was route inexpensive, the reports wrong In principle. Salt Lake City. Application for permission to abandon its mixed Jtraia Flood Victims Toll Mounts schedule between Utah Railway JuncMexico City. Burial of the several tion and the Hiawatha mine in Car-jo- n hundred victims dfthe flood at Leon, conuty and between Jacobs and "iuanapuato state, in trenches and Standardville was filed with the Pubic Utilities commission by the Utah ivithout Identification if necessary has seen ordered by the authorities as a Railway company. The company sets orecaution against epidemic. Difficult orth the fact that there has been a communication still makes it imposjig shrinkage in the passenger traf-"ion the road and that receipts" from sible to obtain a nacurate estimate of ;he casualties, the latest figures rang-n- g .his source have dropped from $9,. all the way from 100 to 1000. Tho J24.42 in 1922 to $3,160.36 in 1925, and :o $429.11 In the first three months maximum is given by El Universals f 1926. sorrespondent in the stricken zone - Fess-Tinch- er n Utah-Colorad- o c |