Show f THE SAUNA CALL SAUNA Installment 25 Towards the close of June Washington ventured to go for a little while' to Mount Vernon for rest At once A there was trouble privateer was found taking arms and stores aboard In the very river at Philadelphia Jefferson allowed her to drop down to Chester believing Genet Instead of the agents of the government and she was upon the point of getting to sea before could reach Washington the seat of government Jefferson was not In town when the president arrived “What is to be done In the case of the 'Little Sarah' now at Chester?" came Washington's hot questions after him "Is the minister of the French republic to eet the acts of this government at defiance with Impunity? And then threaten the executive with an appeal to the people? What must the world think of such conduct and f the United States In submitting to it? Circumstances press for decision and as you have had time to consider them I wish to know your opinion for upon them even before tomorrow It the vessel may then be gone” was Indeed too late to stop her a gross violation of neutrality had been permitted under the very eyes of the stayed secretary of state Washington in personhenceforth In Philadelphia It was an apal control of affairs peal to the people that finally delivered Genet into his hands Washington revoked the exequatur of one French consul at Boston for continuing to ignore the laws of neutrality Genet declared he would appeal from the president to the sovrumors ereign state of Massachusetts of the silly threat got abroad and Genet demanded of the president that he deny them Washington answered with a chilling rebuke the correspond-'encwas given to the public prints the saw and at last the country A French minister for what he was demand for his recall had been resolved upon in the cabinet In August slow the 1794 processes by February action were complete of diplomatic and a successor had arrived Genet did not venture to return to his distracted country but he was as promptly in America and as readily 'forgotten Some might find it possible to love France still but no one could any longer stomach Genet had divined French afWashington fairs much too clearly to be for a moment tempted to think with anything but contempt of the French party who bad truckled to Genet It was his dear perception what the danger would be should America be drawn to the gathering European wars that had led him to accept a second term as president It had been his wish to remain only four years in the arduous office but he had no thought to leave a task unfinished knew that he was In the very midst of the critical of holding to the the country course which should make it a nation and consented to submit himself once more to the vote ef the electors Elected for Second Term Parties were organizing but there He was no opposition to Washington received again a unanimous vote and John Adams was again chosen The second inauguration (March 1793) seemed but a routine confirmation of the first But the elections to congress showed a change setting in In the senate the avowed supporters of the administration had still a narrow majority but in the house they fell ten votes had short of control and Washington to put his policy of neutrality into execution against the mad Genet with nothing but doubts how he should be The insane folly of Genet supported saved the president serious embarrassment after all made the evidence was right too plain that Washington to be missed by anybody and gave the country at last vision enough to see what was in fact the course of within and without unaffairs abroad happy France Before that trying year 1793 was out an attack upon Hamilton in the had bouse though led by Madison failed Jefferson had left the cabinet and the hands of those who definitely and heartily supported the president were not a litle strengthened There was sharp bitterness between parties— a bitterness sharper as yet Indeed than their differences of view but the “federalists” who stood to the support of Washington and Hamilton were able none the less to carry their more indispensable measure — even an act of prutrality which made the president’s policy the explicit law of the The sober second thought of land the country was slowly coming about to tbeir aid Doubts About England altoThe air might have cleared gether had the right method of dealwith France been the only quesing but the ill fortune tion that pressed of the lime forced the president to seem not only the recreant friend of France but alBO the too complacent partisan of England seemed as mischievGreat Britain ously bent upon forcing the United States to waf as Genet himself had her She would not withdraw been it from the border noeta: garrlsrns was believed that she was inciting the Indians to their savage inroadB upon the border aa the French had done in the old day a she set herself to destroy neutral trade by seizing all vessels that carried the products of the French islands or were laden with provisions for their porta ahe would admit American vessels to her own West Indian harbors only upon sufferance and within the limits of a moat jealouB restriction It gave a touch of added bitterness to the country’s feeling against her that she should thus levy as it were covert war upon the Union while affecting to be at peace with it as if she counted on its weakness especialwould ly on the seas and congress have taken measures of retaliation which must certainly have led to open hostilities had not Washington intervened despatching John Jay the trusted chief Jystice across sea as minister extraordinary to negotiate terms of accommodation and so giving pause to the trouble Riots Suppressed country waited upon the it witnessed a wholesome in the power of its new government In March 1791 congress had passed an act laying taxes on distilled spirits: 'twas part of Hamilton’s plan to show that the federal government could and would use its great authority The act bore nowhere so hard upon the people as in the vast far counties of Pennsylvania and Virginia beyond the mountains— and there the very allegiance of the people had been but the other day doubtful as Washington very well knew How were they to get their corn to market over the long roads if they were not to be permitted to reduce its bulk and increase its value by turnThe tax seemed ing It into whisky? to them intolerable and the remedy plain They would not pay it They had not been punctilious to obey the laws of the states they would not benow by submitting to gin obedience the worst laws of the United States At first they only amused themselves by tarring and feathering an exciseman here and there but resistance could not stop with that in the face of a government bent upon having its own way Opposition organized itself and spread till the writs of federal courts bad been defied by violent mobs and the western counties of Pennsylvania were fairly quick with incipient insurrection Whisky While the negotiation bad said “and my aim has been and will continue to be neither to stretch nor to relax from them in any Instance whatever unless compelled to it by imperious circumstances” and that was what be meant the country to know whether the law’s purpose was good or bad Wrath Over English Treaty The next year the people knew what He reached New Mr Jay had done York May 28 1796 and the treaty he brought with him was laid before the senate qp the 8th of June On the 2d of July the country knew what he had agreed to and the senate bad ratified There was an instant outburst of wrath It swept from one end of the country to the other The treaty yielded so much gained a bo little that to accept it Beemed The northwestveritable humiliation ern posts were indeed to be given dp at last the boundaries between English and American territory were to unbe determined by commissioners restricted commerce with England herself and a free direct trade with her East Indian possessions were conceded but not a word was said about the impressment of American seamen claims for damages for unAmerican coveted trade with the West Indian referred to a commission along with the American debts to Englishmen coveted trade with the Weet Indies islands was secured only to vessels of seventy tons and under and at the cost of renouncing the right to export sugar molasses coffee cocoa or cotton to Europe Washington agreed with the senate that ratifications of the treaty ought not to be exchanged without a modifthe ication of the clauses respecting West Indian trade and October had come before new and better terms could be agreed upon but he had no doubt that the treaty as a whole ought to be accepted The opposition party In congress had refused to vote money for an efficient navy and so had made to check British aggresIt impossible sions they must now accept this unpalatable treaty as better at any rate than war Storm Rages Fiercely It was hard to stand steady in the storm The country took fire as It had done at the passage of the Stamp Act Harder things had never been said of king and parliament than were now said of Washington and his advisers Many stout champions stood to his defence-nostouter or more try”“ Wifi:- Washington and His Family (TO BE CONTINUED) “ - When Jove Threatens Engage the people by their affeo tlons convince their reason — and will be loyal from the only printhey ciple that can make loyalty sincere vigorous or rational— a conviction that it is to their truest interest and that their government is for tbeii good Constraint is the natural parent of resistance and a pregnant proof that reason Is not on the side of those who use it You must all remember Lucian’s pleasant story Jupiter and a countryman were walking togeti r conversing with great freedom and familiarity upon the subject of heaven and earth The countryman listened with attention and while Jupiter strove acquiescence only to convince him but happening to hint a doubt Jupiter turned hastily around and threatened him with his thunder “Ah! ah!” says the countryman “now Jupiter I know that you are wrong you are always wrong when you appeal to your thunder”— From Thomas Lord Erskine’s Argument In behalf of Thomas Paine at hiB trial for For two years Washington watched formidable than Hamilton no longer a the slow gathering of the storm warn- member of the cabinet for imperative ing those who resisted keeping conprivate interests had withdrawn him these six months and more but none gress abreast of him in preparation for action when the right time shotild the less redoubtable in the field of come letting all the country know controversy For long nevertheless what was afoot and prepare its mind the battle It must have went heavily against the treaty Even for what was to come von him to a stern humor to learn for once stood a little Washington while men had that seven thousand armed perplexed not doubting his own on Indeed but very anxious purpose gathered in field to defy him At last he what the outcome should be Proan army of militia out of tests against his signing the treaty summoned he states sent it straight to the lawpoured in upon him from every quarless counties going with It himself till ter of the country many of them earnest almost to the point of he learned there would be no serious resistance — and taught the country treaty some hot with angry comment Hamil- Hia reply when he vouchsafed any what was back of federal law that his very gratitude ton had had his way the country Its was always for the approbation of the country in lesson the past fixed him but the more firmJefferson’s Sneer "The servile copyist of Mr Pitt ly In his resolution to deserve it now thought he must have his alarms his by obeying his own conscience "It Is very desirable" he wrote to Insurrections and plots against the "to ascertain if possible constitution" sneered Jefferson "It Hamilton of after the paroxysm of the fever is a purposes aroused the favorite little abated what the real temper of strengthening government and increasIt for at ing the public debt and therefore an the people is concerning Insurrection was announced and pro- present the cry against the treaty is armed and claimed against and like that against a mad dog” hut he showed himself very calm to the genmarched against but coukd never be And all this under the sanc- eral eye found making his uneasiness The tion of a name which has done too known only to his intimates cruel abuse heaped upon him cut him much good not to be sufficient to covto “Such exaggerated and the quick er harm also" Indecent of executive he terms” cried "could "The powers of the scarcely be applied to a Nero a nothis country are more definite and better understood perhaps than those torious defaulter or even to a common pickpocket” of any other country” Washington UTAH But the men who sneered and etormed talked of usurpation and lm peuchment called him base incompe tent traitorous even were permitted to see not so much as the quiver of an eyelid as they watched him go steadily from step to step In the course he had chosen Abuse Is Regretted At last the etorm cleared the bitter months were over men at the ports saw at length how much more freely trade ran under the terms of the that treaty and remembered while and they had been abusing Jay the president maligning Thomas a had Pinckney obtained treaty from Spain which settled the Florida boundary opened the Mississippi without restriction secured a place of deposit at New Orleans and made commerce with the Spaniards as free as commerce with the FTench The whole country felt a new ImThe "paroxysm pulse of prosperity of the fever” was over and shame came upon the men who had so vilely abused the great president And had made him wish In his bitterness that he were in his grave rather than In the presidency who had even said that he had played false In the Revolution and bad squandered public moneys who had gone beyond threats of Impeachment and dared to hint at assassination! saw the of end They his term approach and would have recalled their insults But they had alienated his great spirit forever Becomes Flat Federalist When he had seen parties forming In his cabinet in the quiet days of hiB first term as president he had sought to placate differences had tried to bring Hamilton and Jefferson to a cordial understanding which should be purged of partisan bias as he meant his own Judgments to be bad deemed parties unnecessary and loyalty to the new constitution the only standard of preferment to office But he had come to another mind In the hard years that followed “I shall not whilst I have the honor to administer the government bring a man into any office of consequence knowingly” he declared in the closing days of 1795 "whose political tenets are adverse to the tenets which the general government are pursuing for this in my opinion would be a sort of political suicide” and he left the presidency ready to call himself very flatly a “Federalist"— of the party that stood for the constitution and abated nothing of its powers "You could as soon scrub a white” he cried "as to change the principle of a profest Democrat”— “he will leave nothing unattempted to overturn the government of thlB coun- libel Braved Death for Small Sum A meek heathen "Chink” routed a gang of robbers at Brooklyn N Y recently Jow Chang the hero is a type of Orienplacid tal without much fight ’n him but when two holdup men went after his cash register In his Brooklyn chop suey restaurant early in the morning the spirit of his honorable ancestors called him valiantly to battle When the robbers ordered him to hold up his bands Chong obeyed with a whimper of fear but as one of the men started for the cash register Chang's With a squeal of meekness vanished knife and rage he seized a carving leaped to the defence of his exchequer Jow had one of left and right Slashing the men on the floor bleeding like a The other badly slaughtered pig cut ran into the street but seeing a r raised his policeman coming to his temple and shot himself He may die Jow was badly bruised In the fight hut the policeman found him tenderly counting the money in It was all there — the cash register $137 The "Intimate Friend" about the cab“The information inet” a dispatch sayB "was not obWilson tained from President-elec- t but from an intimate friend who Is aboard the Wilson train for part of the Journey" There is always an "intimate friend" around to prevent any secret from being kept too closely But far be it from any newspaper to make unkind reHe is one of the marks about him most useful persons In public life and every newspaper Is under infinite obligations to him to the "intimate Here's a health friend” who is In a position to know cannot peror his name Star but 'for obvious reasons mit himself to be quoted to b used— Kansas City that organized labor should have day to review the past year and plan in advance for the future It is only that even the toilers themselves can realize the wide scope that labor taKes the ST is well own variety of its interests and the character of those who maKe up its ranhs Union labor seems to be passing into a new stage of progress Its war of independence its fight for the idea for existence is drawing to a close But as this becomes apparent it also more clearly appears that union labor’s chief enemies are within itself This was true of the American republic and is apparent in America today Having won our freedom we have to fight our own weaKnesses This fact ought to be considered by the public as well as by union men The union movement has developed evils just as the whole political union has On a smaller scale it is the same fight the fight to maKe an efficient democracy Comfortable citizens find it easy to scold union men for not discovering and expelling grafters for not attending meetings and for not doing their whole duty But how about these ' same faults in themselves? What is needed by us all is a greater sense of our responsibilities and a less selfish disposition to shirK our public duties and our duties to one another The whole tendency throughout the nation is toward the raising of the condition of labor the abolition of social injustice and the realization of a larger democracy —Robert G IngersolL YEARS OF PROGRESS of EcoGratifying Betterment nomic Conditions Shown in of the Last Quarter a ing” as it is termed Is now entered Into between associations of mechan' ics and manufacturers of the most vital ImporLegislation tance to laboring men and women has been enacted in this last quarter century in New York state as well as In every other state in the union Regulation of child labor hours for wom- en’s employment protection of health employers’ liability — all have taken a conspicuous place not to mention the broad public provisions for laboring men’s comfort by way of establishing small parks recreation piers and the various movements calculated to stimulate all classes even the poorest to of standards higher living the last twenty-fivAnd now there is a Women’s Trade years In my Union league which corresponds to opinion is the bet- the men’s Central Federated union terment of the But this women's organization Includes condi- unions which have both women and economic tion of the work- men workers It Is a very effective ers through their Institution Century 8enlor By GEORGE A 8TEVENS Statistician of Labor Department of New York 8tate )ST important of the 'changes aflabor In fecting organizations Wages have largely Inwhile been creased there has been a in working time r The day is in force in a large number of trades especially in the building Industry and the printing trades is The Saturday also generally observed In that term of years through the efforts of the organized workers their standard of living has been greatly imTheir homes are better furproved nished and their children better dressed If there had been no organization conditions would not he what they are today The factory laws have been Improved the lives and limbs of employes are better protected Dangerous There is machinery is safeguarded over far closer supervision factory work The legislature Is constantly Increasing the force of factory inspectors and giving the department of labor sufficient means to carry on the work in a suitable manner Conditions under which men and women work are better sanitation ventilation light and other provisions for the comfort of employes have come in with saner architecture and more wholesome regard for the welfare of employes Credit Belongs to Labor Unions Tenement house work is now regulated The houses in which such work clean is done are licensed Insuring and sanitary workrooms All these advances are due to the agitation which has been carried on In recent years by the labor people themselves and social reformers and I mean perby this latter designation sons who really by their works have shown themselves vitally Interested in the general welfare of the people have aided Many church organizations in ameliorating the condition of working people With the more cordial relations thus sstabllshed strikes are not so numer-juand Instances of discontent are less frequent There is rather a agreepolicy and friendly ments as to hours and wagea and of work "Collective bargain of children has been Employment gradually restricted the minimum age limit eventually at 14 being fixed years and on June 15 1907 the legislature amended the act to provide that no child under sixteen be allowed to work in any factory except between 8 o'clock and 5 or for more than eight hours In any day or six days in a week The latest revision provides that no male minor under eighteen may be employed in any factory more than 54 hours a week or more than nine hours a day The same provision The proapplies to female workers vision reducing the hours from 60 to 64 for male minors and women becomes effective October 1 next There are a few exceptions fn the employment restrictions which may be disregarded in a general consideration of the subject like this Work Still to Be Done Some progress has been made In legislation regarding employers’ liability and workmen's but compensation much more on that score will have to be done In the way of amendatory acts that will stand the test of interpretation by the courts and accord with constitutional requirements before the working masses will receive any sub- stantial benefit The constitutional amendment passed In 1894 at the behest of the workers numerous manufacturers and those who favor Industrial reforms solved for all time the prison labor problem so far as the empire state Is concerned Here the competitive convict system has beea abolished Contract labor in penal Institutions is now a memory the state and its political divisions taking for their own use all goods made by prisoners If this method of employing convicts were established ia every state In the union free labor would not have any cause for com- plaint Organized labor aided by scores of advanced thinkers among the social and broad minded statesphilosophers men is at present agitating for uniform labor legislation in the different states Before the close of another quarter century doubtless the efforts now being put forth by these energetic elements will have a successful out come |