Show 7 r TIE OUTCAST GYPSY Now the Modern Ishmael Among Civilized Nations England 'and the United States Now Turned Against Them— Efforts to Induce Them to Settle Down Unavailing v u XT cient supervision most of the unnecessary fires can be prevented As part of this supervision by the forest service all the government forest reserves are posted with warnThese warnings are printed in ings Italian English French and Spanish They warn against carelessness and describe tho penalties The four languages are used because many Italians are at work on the railroads and more Mexicans are adrift all over the west Watch for Incipient Fires All over the forest reserves are lookout stations In the flat country they consist of platforms in the tops of high trees approached by ladders If there are no tall trees towers are erected counIn the mountainous try any high peak or crag will do From these lookoutB the keen eyed rangers and guards provided with the best long distance glasses keep a constant watch over the territory assigned to them From one to another they signal in various ways It is possible the telephone Is used In the wilder regions more primitive methods must need be em ployed Among the most effective is the old fire system the system used by the Plots of Scotland the system the white men of Europe found the red men of America using when they first struck the shores of the western hemisphere At a time when fire signals are not needed the rangers and guards build little brush piles all over their terriPlaced about 100 feet apart tory they are ready to burn at a moment's A regular code of signals prenotice vails The number of brush fires burning at the same time conveys the signal One fire means a forest fire on the west of a certain mountain Two fires mean one to the east and so on Where there are no brush fire signals the simple Indian system of a small fire and a blanket serves the purpose of Uncle Sam’s forest guardians The small fire Is started Then wet grass or earth is used to deaden it and make the smoke heavy Over the fire a blanket is thrown to hold the smoke down When the blanket is released a solid puff of smoke goes skyward Again the blanket is applied and quickly removed Up goes another puff of smoke Other methods are the heliograph-1-windmill with small mirrors attached to its wheels which flash the signal of a fire and In some cases the flag system of the army signal corps Best of all however is the teleSince 1906 the forest service phone has built 4850 miles of telephone line and 1b extending them as rapidly as the money congress appropriates In a report on the forest fire question Chief Forester Graves says it is impossible to give a specific rule for the number of men required to protect tracts of different sizes although he supports Mr Pinchot in saying that the forest service is undermanned In some cases a single man has to More watch a tract of 1000 acres men are required in flat regions as in the mountain regions a single man may by climbing to a high peak and there pitching his camp keep guard over a vast territory The fire fighting crews of the for est service are well organized One man is always in charge All know The first rule Is to their business get there as quickly as possible Then A well counts organized organization small crew can do more work in an hour than an ordinary gang of able bodied men well lntentioned but norant could accomplish in answer to this description ranges but others are for forests densely consists Their population populated of small landholders — “nesters” they are called in the west They are men who with their families take up small claims on government forest reservations and farm and raise stock on a small scale under the limitations set down by the government It is nothing for a forest reservation to have a population of 10000 exclusive 6f the employes of persons the forest service Several of the nomads forests in Idaho and Montana ore filled France decided some years ago with "nesters” that the gypsy was a public menace As for the loss in money from forand in the summary fashion of the est fires in ordinary years that in itrepublic when it makes up its mind self is enough to warrant extraorto a thing expelled him as relentlessdinary effort and expense in the prely as it has expelled the monks vention of such disasters which is a grim manufacGermany to "Will it pay support an adequate turing establishment after fire protection system?” ply ordered its thousands of sentinels This is the question practical lumalong its bayoneted border to turn The bermen of the old school ask back every gypsy who showed his forest service men are confident it nose at the line will They have had experience and Wrathful and perplexed the Romreknow that reasonable protection any moved on to Belgium but hostile no secret quires no patented tools bayonets met them there Desperate on the part of method for they hate water like so many more the and stale governments wildcats they took to the canals of will from about money bring congress But the phlegmatic placid Holland the desired results Dutchmen tradition of their every “Does the maintenance of an expenat sight plodding Industry outraged sive force pay a city?” is of the gay wanderers drove them out the counter question of the forest again service experts The affirmative anMeanwhile the Balkans where the swer comes promptly gypsy has ever roamed as free as any The government methods of fight other bird of prey have begun to feel forest fires are ing and controlling the call of settled prosperity — if Balconsist of nothing simple They kan politics will ever give agriculture more than extreme care to prevent as — its chance that attends the lowing as fires many possible and plain bus klne and the importation of Amerilnessllke methods of getting to work can reapers and binders Sheep steal the flames as soon as they are die era and horse swindlers' are impresas on AN forest fires such covered and staying with the fire un mountaineers those whose devastation of sing the til it is out less than they used to and the bars life and property in Idaho An ax a mattock a pick a shovel are being steadily raised against and Montana is so fresh in and a wet gunny sack if water is obthe gypsy on the ground that he is the public mind be pretainable are the forest ranger’s fire a common tramp who contributes vented? human Cannot ingenuity In the more ac fighting apparatus nothing to the country and deserves caution and wealth devise some means cessible regions where water is abund of making such horrors impossible? nothing from it with hose are These questions have been asked ant wagons equipped Transylvania time out of mind has But these are Impossible far been the gypsy’s native heath The by thousands of persons throughout used where the most up in the mountains hills and caves let him live the life of the country in the last few weeks difhorses find progress he early troglodyte and the industrl ever since the first bad fire began ficult The Idaho disaster has given an add afforded ous among the population Get Quickly to Work him sustenance to these appeals for ined insistence all Romany But formation that indicate a There the work is done by the cool appeals hope that some preventive system nervy rangers Trained woodmen they and put into op- are who know their work and have may be discovered eration the heart to do it They haunt the In response to these questions Gifhigh places and keep persistent watch ford Plnchot former chief forester over the surrounding country for and Henry S Graves the present chief miles forester return the game answer: When they see a fire they go to it “No!" If it looks too big for one or two men Such a fire they say is to be classed to handle they hurry to the nearest with the great Chicago conflagration station for help In some of the the fire that set Baltimore back the ranges the telephone and telegraph San Francisco earthquake the Gal- wires and the railroads are at their veston flood Disasters of this sort disposal can neither be foreseen nor dealt with the forest service is layGradually in line of ordinary human endeavor lines ing out a network of telephone This fire according to Mr Pinchot through the forest reserves But such Mr Graves and the experts who have a is contemplated in conas system spent years in the forest service re- nection with forest preservation is in sulted from an unusual combination its Infancy today and in the last anof circumstances The main causes fire is alysis the average embryonic were the exceptional drought and the fought by small groups of men somefor times high steady winds that prevailed by only two men sometimes by a long period preceding the outbreak a single one of fire of fires that are Of the thousands But ordinary forest fires can be preConflict put out every year in the national revented Thousands upon thousands serves In most cases the battle between American before they get well started Type of Gypsy Woman of them are prevented every year by the the rangers and the fire is a nothing general public knows the forest rangers and forest guards can’t subsist on the loot of Transylcoats slickers conflict Using But they are ordinary fires which if They are part of the regular routine revania and Hungary and Austria or whatever they have of the forest guards and rangers ceived the first overflow caught early can be promptly supUncle Sam’s guardians go after the on The forest fire amount spent before pressed they attain serious proMarla Theresa a hundred and fifty fire as though it were a den of snakes fighting by the forest service is apyears ago had a brilliant idea for portions and beat it out Dirt if it is loose More forest rangers and forest proximately $50000 a year in ordinary may be dug up and thrown on the nomads the dangerous squelching Twice or three times that sum She provided dowerles for all gypsy guards” is the cry of the forest serv- years fire would not seem large in view of the ice Is has been the It that hurled cry would Aus who her maidens water is absolutely necmarry Sometimes of property saved to say nothIt was the most popu- from the department of agriculture amount trlan subjects essary Often it has to be brought of life prevented lar move any empress ever made es- of which the forest service is a bu- ing of loss from a distance and must be used Aside from the loss of life and leavreau to the capitol for several years with the gypsy maidens A little water is thrown pecially economically in But it has usually found congress ing out indirect results of forest fires on the ground to deaden the fire and They applied for the dowries stone deaf damage done by such conflagrations beautiful bridal droves got them The forest then beating begins inof trees include is not the death “There nearly men” standing enough and ran off with their gypsy husknow that the most effective trees that are not killed in- guardsto use water is by means of bands and lovers day after day until said Mr Pinchot sadly in talking of jury to' to the soil reduction of the way Maria Theresa concluded that gypsy the Idaho disaster “Just how many jury hand sprays These little pumps throw are really needed It is difficult to say growth of the stand and the effect on water from twenty to maidens were likely to prove unprofitfeet and but many more than the 2000 now reproduction Some of the resistant by them the water thirty can be placed able investments In fire prevention and fire species of trees are harmed but lit- where Emperor Joseph II thought he had engaged it will do the most good times while fires tle at forest utterly Where it is possible chemicals are them fixed forever when he gave them fighting” so vigilance is the price wipe out species of less vitality houses and lands seed grain and of Just as eternal used but they are not feasible in the peace bo eternal vigilance Is the that they never return Jo the terri- remote If the fire cannot be The seeds were places farming Implements which has been swept by the of safety from forest fires tory As price houses eaten became the checked light trenches are quickly promptly well as it is possible with the number flames the Implements were of horse stables dug ahead of it in its direct line of men it has the forest service now In the of fires causes cpnsidering sold and the owners moved on march and the fight is made over lqoks after this part of its business the forest service has learned by ex- these trenches There are believed to be 300000 of It has fire fighting down to a system perience that the principal ones are So much for the ordinary surface them In Austria and Hungary still and so far as ordinary cases go its sparks from locomotives sparks from fires 150000 in Russia 100000 in Turkey They are handled with comworks force The brush effectively camp fires burning only sawmills 50000 200000 in Spain and Portugal parative ease if caught in time The trouble lies in the size of the force smokers incendiarism careless and in Italy 10000 in the United States danger lies in what are known great Situation lightning Becoming Acute They are the fires as crown fires and several thousand in South Amerof fires or lesFor the prevention But with the recent disasters in which move along the tops of the ica to whose broad pampas and rich their ravages the following trees sening plantations their nomad fancy has mind it is likely that congress will are in necessary this line in the Naturally been turning for some years past In do something better they move more rapidly The loss of human life Elimination so far as possible of because of the air that fans them as near future all the whole race of gypsies and the loss of property (not only to the causes of fires a proper organ- Also they jump distances while a surknown to the white nations numbers ization of the forest by the careful disbut to corporations face fire creeps slowly and steadily fewer than a million and the whole the government as well) are position of slash by which is meant and private individuals Backfiring is usually required mass of them is forever moving on along the opening almost sure to arouse a keener and chips and cut branches The great traveler and ethnologist to head off a crown fire This sysSir Richard Burton whose translation greater interest in the whole forest of roads and trails adequate super- tem is effective on level ground but vision and sufficient men armed with a crown fire running question of the Arabian Nights has immortalthrough the Wood is becoming scarce is almost Its de- the proper apparatus mountains ized him is one of the few genuinely impossible to The forest service gives great im- check even by the most skilful backmen who have studied the pletion is being felt by the railroads scientific other of to and and the big corporations carefully their portance necessity firing origins of the gypsies in a genuinely with the government brush and of the establishin burning The crown fires were responsible manner He does not conscientific demn them utterly and is at pains to the matter of fire protection is almost ment of trails through the forest so for the great damage recently done in the small fires may be the more easily Idaho They got ahead of the guards note that the race has at times pro- a certainty been expressed at the got at The brush should be piled in and rangers passed beyond all human has Surprise of distinction He men real duced extent of the probable loss of life in small piles and each pile burned in- control and took their tribute in life quotes the families of the Hungarian fires This have is work certhat best done and property swept dependently the Russian Tolstoys the the great Hunyadls To the unin the winter when there is snow on After all the handling of ordinary the Cassllis and the tain sections of the west Scotch Melvllles initiated a government forest reserva- the ground or when the air is moist forest fires Is a simple question It Contis in France under Louis XIV to spread the flames tion means a great wilderness liable and of less is one of an organized force sufficientchief the famous Thomas gypsy and uninhabited save trees The increase of the present a of itinerant by The careful tract ly large watching Pulgar who in 1496 gave Bishop hunters and the forest rangers and makes it safer because hunters campforce is apt to receive atthe help he needed to beat back In ers and others crossing that tract are tention at the hands Of congrfess guards the Turkish Invader from Europe It is true that some of the forest more careful of their fires the near future By effi through-cuWashington — Everywhere the civilized world of the hand mankind seems to be raised against The last two refuges to the gypsies which they betook themselves — the United States and England— have set their faces against them Hereafter In England they are to be treated like common vagrants without visible means of support while in the United States the immigration laws serve to debar them as idle and dangerous aV 'T The Tenderfoot Farmer It was one of these experimental farmers who put green Iin theory speetacles on his cow and fed her shavings was that it didn't matter what the cow ate so long as she was fed The questions of digestion and nourishment had not entered into hia calculations It’s only a "tenderfoot” farmer that would try such But many a farmer feeds hint en experiment with a cow He might almost as well eat shav ttlf regardless of digestion andoutnutrition The result ia that the stomach of hia food ings for all the good he gets grows "weak” the action of the organs of digestion and nutrition are 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