Show Romances of Progress UNSETTLED NEW Bv Albert Payson Terhune HENRY BESSEMER— The Man A young inventor — Henry Bessemer name — awoke one morning in the first half of the nineteenth century to find himself the laughing-stocof His name was on all lips England and the story of his latest folly was told and retold amid the derision of a nation He was pointed out as a foreordained failure in life Here in brief Is the tale of his odd The stamping system in the British government offices was carried on in an expensive and wray Bessemer though little more than a boy invented an Improved stamping device which was so excellent that in spite of the increased money outlay involved the government decided to adopt it In payment Bessemer was to receive a life position as superintendent of stamps at a salary of $4000 a year It was unheard-ogood luck for so young a man Bessemer inhi3 delight became overzealous and forthwith spoiled his prospects by inventing still another system whereby the arrangements for stamping could be continued profitably at no extra expense or special alteration In other words he “improved" away the necessity of his own promised position There was no longer any need of his services The government adopted his second system thereby Bessemer resaving much money ceived not one penny for the invention and was moreover out of a All a year job $4000 England laughed for there is scant sympathy for a fool and "fool" was the mildest of the many terms applied to the youngster He stood ridicule bravely and by means of several lesser inventions (gold paint velvet making and imhe manprovements in Soon the aged to support himself Crimean war broke out England was Besill prepared semer devised a long projectile for use in smooth-borcannon His government would not So he carried it adopt the invention to France where a test was made It was proven that such cannon as were then in use were not strong enough to fire the new oblong by v DAGUERRE— The Man Who Made Sunlight Work for Him ' A little French boy lay sick in his darkened bedroom one summer day in 1775 Outside was a glarq of sunlight but heavy shutters rendered the gloomy and dark The whitewashed ceiling alone reflected patches of light from holes and cracks in the wooden blinds The little invalid was Joseph As he lay staring upNiepce ward very lonely and very sick he saw acart and horses drive slowly across the ceiling Then a drove of cattle and after a while his father’s figure and that of his pet dog As the sun went under a cloud these wonderful images faded The child’s mother came in and he told her of the procession that had crossed his ceiling He had merely been side the first A chink in the camera in existence blinds had served as lens and the ceiling had been the plate or “finder” reflecting objects passing in the road The boy did not forget As outside he grew up his memory often returned to the strange phenomenon and he began to figure out in his own mind the cause of it At last in the course of time he hit upon a very fair solution of the mystery This decided he set to work trying to reproduce the process in real life and to obtain some permanent Image After of objects thus photographed First many How the found in Niepce Photograph Was 182?i that by coat Made’ ing the surface of a metal plate with a mixture of lavthe ender oil and asphalt putting plate in a primitive camera and exposing it a long tim& a very faint image of the object or landscape in front of it would be cast upon the He developed such plates by metal washing them with a combination of petroleum and lavender oil Great as was Niepce’s discovery it remained for another man to put it to This collaborator was practical use Jacques Daguerre who had begun life as a soldier and had later won fame lri Paris as a scene painter and maker of the first Diorama A theater fire made Daguerre poor and out of employment He met Niepce and went into partnership with him Soon aft-- erward Niepce died and Daguerre carried on the work to completion The Ideas were practically all Niepce’s failures But it was Daguerre who got the credit for them and who had the honor of making the first successful photoHe too it was after whom graph such early photographs were named for the term “heliographic picture” was shortened to “Daguerreo type” The process whereby Daguertfe made these first pictures was absolutely crude A sheet of copper was highly polished and freed from Then it was every particle of dust hung face downward over a saucer containing iodine The fumes of the iodine formed on- the surface of the plate a substance known as silver iodide which is sensitive to light When enough of this had collected to turn the surface of an orange color the plate was ready for exposure and was put into the dark side of a The exposure itself which had formerly taken several hours was now cut down to between three minutes and half an' hour according to the light But another difficulty confronted Daguerre He could not hit upon the fight chemical for developing his picOne day after taking a phototures graph he was called away Before going he stuck the plate into a closet near his stove Taking it out on his return he found to his amazement a picture perfectly developed He was utterly mystified until he searched the cupboard There he round a jar of mercur The warmth of the closet had vol tilized the me A Discovery That Was Made by cury &nd the v Accident had developed tt plate by condensing on such places i had been acted on by the light nearly the same ration as the intent ty of the light’s action Next the prii was “fixed” by dipping it into a sol tion of hyposulphite of soda In 181 yie first Daguerrotype was exhibite Other men took up the idea ar Improved it In 1840 Prof John V Draper of the University of Ne York invented an improved lens ar by it made the first “sunlight pictur of a human face This revolutionizf From that time furthi photography was a comparative: improvement easy matter Though an American did so muc for photography yet France right: claims the credit of originating the ar (Copyrighted) HISTORY ON They were commemorating the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown with the usual fiery speeches At the close of the regular program the chairman announced with a wink to those near him: “We are happy to have with us on this auspicious occasion a representative of King Edward if not of King George Ladies and gentlemen I beg to present to you Maj Arthur Forrester of the First Royal Dragoons who will now say a few words” The- major looked a little surprised as he strolled to the front of the platform polished his eyeglass and began with a drawl: “It ha3 long been a wonder to me how Cornwallis with the pick of the British army held Yorktown against a miserable force of militia for only a But ladies and gentlefew weeks and men I’ve seen your town my wonder is now' that he cared to hold such a spot for even one day” “Shake!” broke in the chairman “the drinks are on me” Whose Failure Won Success shot It was declared useless and once more people laughed at Bessemer these two failBut inadvertently ures formed the foundation of his fuIlad he reture fame and fortune ceived the easy government job promised him years before he would probably have rested content and done litHad his projectile tle for progress been adopted he might have remained inventor a mere cannon-balWhen however the French emperor rejected his new shot on the ground that no cannon was sufficiently strong to fire it Bessemer simply set to work to find some stronger material for cannon He knew little of metals but At began a careful study of them that time iron not steel was used for railways big guns and nearly every was structure requiring metal Steel hard to make and was far too expensive forgommon use Few men were employed in working on it and these used a tedious laborious process in its production But Bessemer was not content with the modes then in use He knew that steel was an alloy of iron and carbon in certain proportions and he invented the following process for making it: He drove a blast of air through inasses of pig iron that was in process of fusing until it was cleared of carbon Then by introducing the proper proportion of carbon he found he had an excellent quality of steel He could thus make steel far more rapidly than it had ever before been manufactured and at a mere fraction of its former high price He also found that by blowing through molten pig iron until all its carbon was oxidized he could produce a fine grade of malleable iron Steel became at a bound one of the The industries world’s foremost United States at once took the lead in its production Before Bessemer’s invention our annual production of steel A few years was about 11836 tons later it had risen to 3019906 tons a Bessemer wras the father of year steel rails steel frames for skyscrapers steel ships steel cannon and His invention modern gave work to millions of men (Copyrighted) SIDELIGHT Englishman Has Other Than Accepted Version for Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown And whose little glrj are you?” “I don’t know yet mister George fightin a duel over the question!” “Ah! in’ Jimmie is just In the lot to settle PAINT DURABILITY The first thought in painting should jf course be durability— and durability means simply pure paint propPure paint is pure erly applied white lead and linseed oil (with or without tinting material) was Some years ago the likely to get adulterated or counterfeit white lead if he was not familiar he may buy with brands with perfect safety if he only makes sure that the Dutch Boy Painter trademark is on the packages of white lead that he buys This trademark was adopted by National Lead the pure Company to distinguish white lead made by them from the worthless adulterated and fake goods It is a guarantee as valuable to the as the education of a paint expert could be UNDER The Ever Changing Waist Line Consider the mental agility 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