Show review of the year 1930 at home flonie and in a other lands unemployment and economic depression generally prevalent steps toward world peace democrats win in united states elections south american revolutions EDWARD W prosperity which was just around the corner at the beginning of 1930 gave the world no more than nn an occasional glimpse of tier her face during the year business depression increasing creasing la unemployment continuing low prices for agricultural products arid declining markets for securities prevailed generally skilled observers erS professed to see war clouds again gathering over tile the balkans Kal kans but notable steps were mere taken in the direction of world peace and disarmament the united states great britain and japan signed tin the london imitation treaty arid and toward the close of the year there were m ere indications that france and italy settling gieir parity dispute would make it a five power pact some progress was by tile the preparatory disarmament commission of the league of nations the revision of german reparations known ns as the young plan was adopted by nil fill nations concerned and put into effect although germany mas as not hopeful of its ultimate success the evacuation of the rhineland by the allied forces was completed chinas cainas long bloody and confused civil war ended in victory for tile the nationalist tion alist government popular arid and military revolutions upset the governments of five latin american republics though governmental and other agencies in the united states strove throughout the year to relieve the unfortunate economic conditions results of these efforts were slow in appearing consequently the voters went to the polls sn in november find and expressed their dissatisfy dissat action in the customary manner there was uns a democratic Derno cr itic landslide that covered most of the country and tile the republican party virtually lost its control of both houses of the congress that convenes in march 1031 1531 however the national leaders of the victorious democrats pledged their party to operation cooperation co with the republican administration in all measures designed to bring prosperity around that corner and business was reassured by the promise that there would lie he no attempt for some time to revise the tariff act passed in june industrial and financial distress in the united states rates was mas greatly increased by drought that prevailed all summer in the mississippi and ohio river alver states and extended as far east as the VirgIn virginias fas national and state stale governments afforded speedy relief to the sufferers As winter neared numerous organizations throughout the country went into action to alleviate the unemployment situation their aim being to supply those out of work with jobs rather than charity doles public building and highway projects were started and speeded up and great industrial du trial and transportation concerns sought means to increase the number of their employees emp loees all in all 1030 1930 was not a happy 3 jear ear for the world international THRLE THREE months of intensive debate diplomatic negotiation study or of exports experts figures and mutual concessions brought baroug lit forth the london naval treaty which was signed on april 22 by the delegates of tile the united states great britain japan france and italy try liy this pact tile first three powers flowers agreed to the extension of bf the washington treaty so that the reduction and limitation of their navies should apply to cruisers and lesser vessels france find and italy failed utterly to reach an accord as to what their relative naval diral strength should be consequently they subscribed to t only those parts of the london treaty that provided for a battleship building buil dios and prescribed various rules designed to bunla humanize nize submarine warfare france and italy held intermittent conversations during the re rest st of tile lie year tear but could not settle their differences the one insurmountable obstacle was italis demand that tier her right to naval parity with france be admitted and frances flat refusal to yield tills point league receives arlands Br Bri lands ands scheme ili ID september the hie assembly of the league of nations listened politely while II 11 briand french foreign minister expounded his pet scheme for a federation of european states other Eta statesmen cautiously praised the plan and it was accepted in principle by the assembly and referred to a special committee which mill report to the wl 1911 meeting meet lne twenty eight of the nations represented at geneva signed on october 2 a treaty guaranteeing financial all aid to any state slate that Is tile the victim of warlike aggression late in august nine dine of the smaller nations of central etrope hold a conference in baraw and agreed on a concerted program of action mainly in furtherance of their agrarian interests tile pact mrs as signed fly by bulgaria czechoslovakia estonia finland hun allun gary lala poland rumania and lithuania was absent ile he cause of tier her political differences with poland france was quick to strength tier her friendship with these states by offering credits during tile year there were many indications that italy was drawing into close operation cooperation co with germany and ami russia after being ratified by all the nations concerned the lie young plan for reparations was pot pill into effect on may 0 9 gates IV mcgarrah of new york already had find been elected president of tile the bank fur for international settlements tle ments created by the plan on may mn v 19 tile lie last of the french troops in the Khi rhineland neland began moving out tile evacuation being completed june SO 10 A separate reparations settlement was tits signed in april by hungary austria nud and the states in tile the little entente frank B kellogg former secretary of strife state of the united 13 tates stales was elected a member of the world court in september to fill out the term of charles livans evans hughes the man mandile clate commission of the league of nations made in august its long iong awaited report on the Pal palestine sIne conflicts between jews rind and arabs placing the blame on great creat britain in tile the fiill fall the british announced bounced a new policy concerning rules palos tine tide which millet would stop for the lie pre present ent any further immigration of jews into the holy land zionists everywhere protested vigorously rigorously and president chalm chain and other chief boffl cers of the world zionists organization resigned dussias Rus sias great conspiracy story early in november the government of russia announced t that thai it had find uncovered a gigantic plot against the soviet regime in which a number of capitalistic states were sald to he In involved voled among many individuals who mere alleged to have a part ili n the conspiracy were former Pre premier niler Pol poincare and foreign minister briand of france and sir uearl deterding british oil magnate eight russian engi engineers Leers were mere put on oil trial confessed and were sentenced to terms in prison paris and london looked on the whole thing p as a frame up tip late in january mexico severed diplomatic relations with russin russia boo because aleso of alleged communist insults in th united states slates the advocates of a pollay of n resumption of relations with tile the soviet government were jolted bv revelations that the latter hall had been selling wheat short on tile the american grain exchanges aiding in the demoralization of prices at the same time 1 became evident that the moscow government was dumping damping grain in tile the kuropcak p Kurop can markets at prices far below the cost of brodu tion ion the whole affair created a great stir here anti anil abroad hut but nOtt nothing lin much could be done about it FOREIGN REAT S labor government struggled manfully throughout the file year to solve the nat nations lons economic problems but found that tills this could not be done in a short time un ull employment continued to increase passing the two million nil linn mark in time june and industrial depression was little lightened if at all however no one seemed to have a better solution ro t offer kofl cr than prime minister macdonald Mac Donnld and ills his ministers so they held hot on to their power pomer they hall had the aid of a national advisory council chancellor snowden devised a satisfactory budget that was by no menns socialistic an and 1 I parliament passed some of f the legislation asked by tile the government two matters mailers of vast import demanded nuch attention from tile lie british empires rulers one effort to develop tile lie empire as an economic unit anti and the imperial conference which was held in london undertook tills this task the various domini dominions ins were represented by some of their best minds and the discussions continued until well into november rut but the results were extremely 11 appoint ing tile miln main issue was economic cooperation coper atlon and in tills nothing wits was accomplished complis hed because tile the dominions and the british government could not agree concerning free trade protection and preferential rates within the lie empire problem of india the increasing independence of the dominions was mariter by ane tacit understanding that helicer henceforth irth they shall have the right to accredit their own diplomats to countries and may communicate with one another anti and with great britain not through governors general hut but directly it was decided to create a tribunal for the settlement of disputes the future status of india within tile the empire was its a question quil that troubled tle me british pritim s through throughout ut the year and it was complicated by tile the rion rebellion conducted by mahatma gandhi arid and hla big nur numerous nerous followers As Is their custom cru the communists took advantage of tile sit bation to coi convert ivert the hi pence ful fill revolt of nf tile the indian into riotous denion st ra rations t ions arid and the lie police and military forces had to handle not no only three these hut but alpo alm buttac attacks on the lie northwestern fron ller by h v uichi Gani lill und and many of its his lieutenants levuli were put in prison but their civil disobedience campaign never slackened one of its frequent manifest at ions was the making I 1 ng of salt contrary to the taws laws the all india con congram grem consisting largely lamely of Gand his adherents decided to to boycott the roundtable conference arranged for late in the year because their demand was for the absolute independence of india the roundtable conference opened in III london Noi november ember 12 with much pomp and ceremony the native princes the hindus tile moslems and even the untouchables untouchable being represented by their ablest men and by two brilliant women the indians made it clear they would accept nothing less than dominion domin lou status and some soe of them bitterly attacked tile the british methods of rule in ili india the problem before tile conference and the government was so complex that there as no chance for its solution for many months one definite decision readied reached was that burma should be made a separate dominion in ili the canadian national election on july as tire conservatives Conserva Con ties completely upset tie liberal government headed by prime crime minister AV L mackenzie king arid and secured a comfortable majority lit in llie he dominion parliament and richard li bennett Bei inett their tender lender lie IV cams came prime minister the new government took steps at once to celiene the lit situation and to help the lie farmers one being the almost complete discontinuance of immigration from europe german fascists win As in most other countries couil tries events in germany reflected the prevailing discontent of tile the pv olle and there it wits was aggravated by tile fling feeling that they were mere oppressed by the reparations rebii rat long chancellor mueller and tits his cabinet resigned in larch because of aissa dissatisfaction t Is faction with mith tire ratification of the lie young plan and with will the budget and financial reforms proposed dr heinrich bruening gruening Hru ening centrist lender leader became chancellor and formed firmed a I 1 ministry of members of the five middle parties the national socialists cia rin lists fists anti anil the lie communists kept of up continual agitation and president llin hill denburg dl dissolved solved the reichstag on july 18 in the elections which wore were gilld september 14 the national socialists cia lists commonly called tile fascists won a most surprising and ant tremendous victory they increased tile the nullifier of their seats in ili the reichstag from 12 to KIT and their popular vote from to more than their titular leader Is adolf hitler who being an austrian could not be elected to tile reichstag france spain and italy one small provision in the finance bill brought a vote of lack of confidence in the french chamber of deputies in february and the tardieu ministry was forced to resign if wits succeeded by a radical socialist cabinet formed by chautemps which was defeated on its first appearance tardieu then was recalled and held field on through a stormy summer and fall but early lu in december the senate forced him and his cabinet to resign and theodore steeg undertook to form a new ministry france maintained tier her position as one of the most prosperous countries of europe and gathered an tin im mense store of gold slie site anns as largely largel y preoccupied with mith national defense an and went ahead with ith her plan for a powerful chain of fortifications fortification a on her eastern frontier gen arinio de rivera who hall had been dictator of sputa spain for more than A als lears ears resigned on january 28 partly under compulsion when faced with the threat of a military revolt ile he was succeeded fly by gen Dain Dalti uso asco berenguer throughout the year there were repented repeated strikes food riots and dolent demonet demonstrations rations by students ani an in the middle of december a serious rebellion broke out in the northern part of the country economy was tile the continual cry of the italian government premier mus alus being its spokesman and his men measures toward that end were put through with thoroughness und and dis patch they extended to the reduction of salaries of all governmental employees who are remarkably numerous there and all employers were urged to follow suit in compensation the cost of living was brought donn don by the lowering of prices of rood food and other necessities at the same time the duce continued his program of eNt etensie eten ensle she public works like drainage and restoration resto raLlon of waste lands giving employment to ninny many men carol on rumanian throne carol former crown prince of rumania with the aid of prominent rumanians man ians executed a startling coup in june from ills his exile in prance ranee tie he lew flew to his native country in ili un an nIr airplane plane and two days luter later the parliament declared him king and his little son nho mho bad held the title heir to tile the throne carol soon began planning for ills his coronation but his estranged mire afe declined to be reconciled and the statesmen said the ceremony could not be held unless she were present or the marriage were dissolved As a result of this dispute Pre gremler maelu resigned in october anti and carol went ahead etli with his plans art an interesting if not important event was the marriage on october Oct oc olier toler 25 of king boris of bulgaria and princess giovanna daughter of tile the king dm and queen of italy latin american revolutions revolt named in four south american can republics |