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Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER, RANDOLPH, UTAH Food Supply Expected to Be lighter Than Ever Womens Land Army Faces Its Greatest Challenge Cooperation for Peace Girls and Women Based on Compromise With City Needed for Are Urgently Every Sort of Farm Job Nations Must Yield Some Sovereignty to Lend Helping Hand Against Threats to Women have done an outstanding job in this war, and nowhere World Security. their efforts been more important than in helping with the farm harvest. Until complete victory is won, there must be no letup on the home front. In this critical year of the war, the high rate of food production must be continued. At the same time, the farm labor shortage will be even more serious in many areas. have By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. ,WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. SAN FRANCISCO. The tumult ... answer is for town and city people especially women and youth -t-o step into the breach, as they have done for the past three years. The Farm people themselves are worki- ng harder and longer hours than But they need extra ever before. during the hargroup of women emergency wartime farm doing work comprise the Womens Land army. Their patriotic efforts have saved farm crops in thousands of helpers, especially vest season. That cases. The Womens Land army is a movement rather than an organization. It is mainly a seasonal army. In each state, it is under the direction of the state extension service, headquarters at the state agricultural college. Most states have a Womens Land army supervisor with works closely with the county agricultural agents and their farm who labor assistants. In most localities, the county agent administers the emergency farm labor program . . . recruiting and placing workers on farms. Last year, these local placement offices . . . 12,000 over the country . . . placed about 350,000 women in farm work, and about as many other women were recruited directly by farmers or found their Probably the greatest need for seasonal help is in harvesting perishable vegetables and fruits. It is particularly important that all of the tomato crop be brought to market, as this vegetable is a cheap and abundant source of vitamin C. many of which they have never done before, putting in long hours at the double job of housework and farm work. Typical is one midwestem farm woman who, during com planting time, drove a tractor from 4 to 8 a. m. each day, and then did the farm chores before starting her regular housework, which she does without benefit of electricity and running water. Town' Women Prove Capable. Even though town wofnen were at first accepted reluctantly by many farmers, they have now proved themselves in farm work. Their help is especially valuable at harvest time, for crops like apples, peaches and other fruit;' for beans, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts and cotton. Teachers and college girls often spend two or three summer months in farm work. Business women work part of their vacation time, evenings and week ends harvesting tomatoes, beans and carrots, detasseling com and picking apples, peaches and grapes. Homemakers also answer the lon cal call for harvesting. For example, in an Oregon county last year, 500 homemakers helped save the bean crop. Each day they boarded the Housewives Special buses leaving for the field at 8:30 a. m. and returning at 3 p. m. This . gave them time to do the family breakfast before leaving and to market for supper in the late afternoon. In Washington, as in other states, women joined groups of twilight pickers ... . working evenings in the big berry crop. And in a California county, women working 7 to 11 p. m. as peach cutters to help save 20,000 tons of peaches by drying were known as the Victory peak-seaso- Her husband is fighting on some island, and she is doing her bit on the home front by working on a Connecticut farm. Her Pacific duties barn, dairy include milking, cleaning the and caring for the calves. own jobs. These women received prevailing farm wages for the amount and type of work done. Besides these a great farm women worked many on their own and neighboring farms. Who Are WLA Workers? All women who help in the wartime production of food, feed, or fiber are a part of the Womens Land army. Women from farms, cities and towns . . . farm women who work longer hours than ever before . women from offices, factories and stores . . . women whose husbands are overseas . . . housewives, college girls and teachers. . . . They are women of all ages who spend all summer, all year, or only a few hours, a week end or a vacation period helping bring through the tarm crops our country must have. North, south, east and west, women do all kinds of farm work. Singly and in groups, they pick beans, tomatoes and other vegetables. They ne tassel corn, shock grain, pick s, pick and pack berries, fruits other peaches, grapes, nd nuts. They work in cotton, grain, tobacco and flax; drive tracers, farm, trucks and combines; muk the cows and care for poultry ocks. In brief, as and where need-- u women help cultivate, and narvest the food plant, and fiber crops and care for the livestock all so neces-ar- y in the war effort. Frrn wives and daughters hun-re, of thousands of them do a, gncent i job, r helping with hay-- l J rHring, feeding livestock. They aodle just about every farm task, po-tato- es, ap-Pie- ds and the shouting dies, the captains and the kings depart, still stands Thine ancient sacrifice an humble and a contrite heart. so said Kipling in describing the end of a war (far-calle- d our navies melt away.) As I review this chapter of current history here at San Francisco where the world security organization is in the making, I am 'impressed with one thing: what has already been achieved containing merit and the seeds of hope for a .peaceful world has been achieved by the sacrifice offered by the humble and contrite hearts. That sounds somewhat idealistic perhaps but let me explain. I think it is not an exaggeration to say that compromise is the keystone of harmony whether it is a question of interpersonal, interparty, interstate or international relations. And what is compromise but sacrifice? Applied to the United Nations conference on international organization, sacrifice of national aspiration, and compromise which meant yielding actual selfish advantage of the moment in the hope of gaining potential advantage for the general good, hatfe at least given evidence of good will. Good will, implemented by popular endorsement, means practical progress toward peace. ning of recreation in camp, all friends, and thats what fighting for, isnt it? Were were Even more interesting than pickcherries was the contact with different people, wrote another camp worker on returning home. Her fellow campers included an Italian teacher, a woman who had fled from Germany, college students, a librarian, a magazine writer, a governess, and a mother of 12 children. In some cases, women live right on the farm for the summer. They do such work as taking care of the garden, planting, hoeing and harvesting onions, carrots or other vegetables, or helping do a hired mans job. Typical of such workers are a servicemans wife who has full care of the poultry flock on a large general farm, and a woman who has charge of the milk room, on a dairy farm. hired Some women serve as hands. They milk, take care of the poultry flock, feed livestock, and work in the field. Of the approxid mately 9,000 women placed for work in 1944, many of them were wives of men employed on the same farm. How to Get a Farm Job. A woman who can work for the entire summer or for several weeks, should consult her county extension agent or local farm employment office immediately. These offices usu- ing year-roun- Shift. Womens underlying motive for doing farm work is, for the most part, patriotism a deep desire to to have a part in feeding help our soldiers and our allies and an intense conviction that no food should go to waste. As a woman said, after picking 3 tons of beans, Im glad to do it . . . you see, I have a son in the air corps. Of women who do farm work by far the greatest number live at home and work by the day, or part-timon'farms nearby. end Vacations 'on Farms. ; women, especially college eachers and business women, in part of their vacation time sur-n- g on mpply camps, working farms. For one week, two or the entire summer, they te and pick vegetables or t fruit. Many Smith college ts, as a part of their colleges ;r plan of work or study one I groups which lived as l0ld in the farming area where ... workers women ps for rorked. are op-i- n Last year, many states. fork states WLA camps in-abo- ut New York City their vacation on and girls i not all work, is Life in camp and broad-wit- h interesting it n find the companionship of i from many different places. 3,000 B worker said, after an eve student from William and Mary part of her summer vacation picking, grading and packing peaches in a Virginia orchard. A college spends ally are located in the county courthouse or federal (post office) building. If she cannot find this local office, she may write to the Womens Land army supervisor at her state agricultural college, or to Womens Land army, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C. A woman who can work for only short periods of time should stand by for the call in her community, It will come through her local newspapers and over the radio. She will then be told when and where to apply. sacrifice involves. And who makes the sacrifice? The people themselves or some abstraction known as the government? At this point let me quote that other student of international relations, who, it is true, does not raise his sight to the point of world federation but who has urged it on a more limited basis. I refer to Clarence Streit who has long campaigned for a federal union of the north Atlantic democracies. He says that the only loss of sover-eight- y involved is the subordination of the ruling bodies to the ruling body of the union, that a citizen still has the right of franchise and all the rest of his rights. Does the citizen of Richmond, Va., who, after the secession of the south--' ern states owed his allegiance to the Confederacy, enjoy any less rights today when the seat of his federal government is the capital of all the United States. Is the Scotsman in Edinburgh deprived of any privileges which he held when he was a subject of chieftain, laird or Scottish king? On the contrary. U. S. Learns to Give and Take The American representative who sits in the assembly or is chosen to the council of the proposed United Nations organization is no less the servant of John Q. Citizen of Bing-vilPeace More than the man he elects. Natural Than War In proportion to their size, there You may have read a very trenchant article by Emery Reves, au- are no less rivalries between San Francisco and Los Angeles than thority and writer on international there are between any two nations affairs in the current Mercury of the earth. But cities and states which confutes the argumagazine, ment that since war is a part of of our federal union would no more human nature, it can never be pre- think of attempting armed warfare vented. Mr. Reves goes about his with each other than any decent le -- task of disproving this convent bromide of the pessimist in a highly scientific manner. Why, he asks, did cities once wage war against each other and why do they no longer fight each other with weapons today? Why, at certain times did great landowner barons war with each other and why have they ceased the practice? Why did the various churches plunge their adherents into armed warfare and why today, are they able to worship side by side without shooting each other? Why did Scotland and England, the author continues, and other parts of what are now single nations, once fight and now live together peacefully? Reves points but that these and other groups, presumably because it was the nature of the beast to once consider it natural to decide their differences with tooth, claw, powder and shot, or bow and arrow and yet that kind of legal murder no longer exists and would horrify modern man. This is his answer to these provocative questions: Wars between these social units cease to exist the moment sovereign power is transferred to a larger or higher unit. That is worth pondering. Yield Sovereignty e, If she will not, it is largely a matter of ignorance as to what that To Higher Community The sovereign power of the cities yielded to the power of the nation; England and Scotland yielded their separate sovereignty to the sovereignty of the British crown. This occurred as a part of the due process of civilization which began when the individual cave man agreed to abide by the rules of the tribe, the tribe submitted to the will of the community and so on until the process produced the United States. Here is a vast area occupying a huge sector of a great continent, which, after a bloody war where state rights versus federal authority was the issue, became a unified whole. Hates, rivalries, competition, religious and economic difference continue (as a part of human nature) but internecine strife is unthinkable. Wheres the rub, then? Just, "sovereignty which is a fighting word, still today. The United States is ing, anxious to participate in the the United Nations organization people have given that mandate to both parties. But will she yield her sovereignty? If so, how much? citizen would think of shooting up his neighbor to get his radio, his wife or his parking privileges. We are that civilized. We accept the sacrifice of sovereignty of our home state to sovereignty under the United States. When we advance to the point where we can sacrifice the degree of sovereignty of our nation necessary in order to guarantee world order we will be civilized enough to be sure that our sons wont run the chance of killing and being killed as part of a spectacle of mass murder which even the horrors of this war will pale. The San Francisco conference can present a blue print of the machinery for peace. Only civilization itself can implement it. It is easier to understand things we can see and touch than ideas. law-abidi- ng Brooks Harding was born in Nebraska and grew up with the normal nationalism of a boy who had never seen a foreign flag flying anywhere. He served in the last war in the artillery, later became interested in aviation. He had a small aircraft factory, and then small leather factory in New YorJ; state. He watched the League of Nation rise and fall. He saw the United Nations start. He became convinced that unless there was some outward symbol, some outward appeal which would stir the imagination and the emotions of the people, the second attempt at world harmony would fail as did the first. And so he literally left all he had with the sole purpose of making his contribution in the form of a United Nations flag. That flag has not been officially adopted but it flew in Washington and it flew in San Francisco a plain white field with four vertical red bars symbolizing, he says, victory, equality, unity and freedom. It is sponsored by the United Nations Honor Flag committee supported by such contributions which he could make or which he could solicit in travels about the coun- try. He hopes for its official sanction. He feels that this banner may some day become the rallying insignia for the people of all peace-lovin- g nations, who without slackening their loyalty to their own country will respect and support the forces for international good will which this emblem represents. I |