OCR Text |
Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER, RANDOLPH, UTAH Raising the Hindenburg at Scapa Flow One of Bucharests Modern Public Buildings. by the National Geographic Society. Washington. D. C.t (Prepared Looking down bottom of the sea 1919 the seaweed covered deck of the German battle crnlser Hindenburg as she was raised from the at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys. Of the twenty-nin- e ships which the Germans scuttled there in after their surrender, the Hindenburg was the last to be salvaged. Historic Ararat Is Scene of Big Battle 3- Noahs Landing Place Sees Conflict Between Troops and Raiders. Washington, D. C. Mt. Ararat, most Christendoms famous peak, where, according to the Biblical narrative, humanity had its second start after Noah landed his Ark. has become the worlds most recent battle field. News dispatches tell of clashes on the flanks of Ararat between Turkish forces and Kurdish raiders from across the Persian border. The mountain is the subject of a bulletin from the National Geographic society. Because of the wars of the past century, Mt. Ararat has been a sort of fugitie mountain," says the bulletin. It has not moved as Mohammed would have his mountain move, but Its change of jurisdiction has been just as effective by the simpler device of shifting boundary lines. Meeting Place of Three Empires. Before 1S78 Ararat was shared by Turkey and Persia, with the main peak, Greater Ararat, in Turkish territory; and tiie smaller eminence, Lesser Ararat, six miles to the southeast, marking the Persian-Turkisborder. Then came a further southern advance of Russia that made the Arboun arat mountain mass dary mark. From that time until the World wTar the mountain marked the southern mundary of Russia. During the war the Muscovite line surged back and forth over Ararat, only the Persian border remaining fixed. The treaty of Sevres, signed in 1920, which attempted to fix the status of Turkey and adjoining territories, created an Armenian republic which Included Ararat and pushed the Turkish boundary approximately 100 miles to the south. But the salne year the Turks pushed the boundary back even beyond the point established in 1878, placing Greatei Ararat entirely under Turkish sovereignty. This has been the status of the mountain since that h time. "Ararat, capped with eternal snow, has a certain austere beauty from a distance; but on close inspection it discloses little to endear it to a beholder as mother of the world,' as Armenians have called It. Owing to its peculiar porous structure the water from its melting snow is swallowed up and does not produce a rill or torrent to water the lower slopes and near-bplains. This is in striking contrast to other mountains of the general region. Once Flooded; Now Arid. Today the slopes of Ararat are arid. A certain amount of herbage exists daring the rainy season up to an altitude of 12,500 feet. Between that point and the snow line at 14,300 feet the peak is bare. The total altitude of Greater Ararat is 16,700 feet, and that of Lesser Ararat, 11,680 feet. Sheep graze on the lower slopes during the moist season, but when the dry season sets in and the sun beats down glaringly, everything Is parched and the mountain becomes uninhabitable. Even the birds leave. "Ararat Is difficult to climb and for ages the Armenians asserted that it was supernaturally guarded to prevent any man from gaining Its summit When it was first scaled In 1829 by Tarrot, the Armenians Insisted (hat - Find France Has Only 11,500 Out of Work Geneva. The latest figures on unemployment in the continent show that Germany has 2.7S6.912 registered unemployed ; Russia, 1,235,600; Italy, 373,236 h (tills figure represents only of those who are out of work, as in Italy only Fascists one-fourt- he tvas lying. A number of mountain climbers have since readied the top and in 1850 a Russian engineer passed five days there making triangulation observations. The mountain is volcanic and had an eruption of considerable magnitude in 1840 from an old crater on the side. The village of Argurl With 2.000 inhabitants, on the lowest slopes, was destroyed. The Armenians looked upon Argurl as the oldest village In the world, asserting that it was founded when Noah planted a grape vine there. Vines did not find their In first resting place the vicinity of Ararat they must be buried each winter to protect them from the extreme cold. The name Ararat, supposedly of Aramaean origin, means supereminence.' To the Armenians the mountain is Masis, meaning sublime. The or steep Turkish name is mountain. The Persians alone bear out the Hebraic and Christian tradition. To them the peak is Noahs Mount. e. Agri-dag- are permitted to register) ; Great Britain, 1,770,100; while France has only 11,510. and take him to court they found It was later he had disappeared. learned that he had literally taken French leave, using a military plane to effect his escape. So far as is known, this Is the first case on record of a prisoner having fled by the air route. NEW KIWANIS HEAD h, Koh-i-Nu- U. S. Apparatus to Cool King of Siams Palace Bangkok, Siam. The king of Siam has tired of being warm all the year round in this land of perpetual summer, and has ordered a cooling plant for Dusit palace, where he passes most of his time. The system, which will come from the United States, will work along the same lines as the cooling plants used for theaters in America in hot weather. Every room in the palace, one of the largest buildings in Siam, will be cooled artificially and all the punkas, or natie fans, movea back and forth by hand, will be pulled old-tim- e down. French Army Prisoner Gets Away in Airplane Bourges, France. On the charge of having stolen a motorcycle an air service mechanic at the Avord military camp near here was being held for trial. When the officers went to the place of detention to get the prisoner Raymond M. Crossman of Omaha, a lawyer, who was elected president of Kiwanis International at the fourteenth annual convention held In Atlantic City. Intense Magnification Living organisms now can be studied through a microscope that magnifies as milch as 12,500 diameters as the result of a heat filter to prevent the strong light that has to be used from killing the specimens. Popular Mechanics Magazine. Ohio Reformatory Looks Like Palace y the latest of the to change monarchies RUMANIA, has undergone such great changes In the past dozen years that It has In effect aac r bloodless revolution. This perloa has seen the distribution of 8,500.060 acres of land to more than 1,400,000 peasants. Before the war Rumania was a country of the landed rich and the landless poor. Today the maximum holding permitted to one Individual Is 1,235 acres. King and nobles gave up their estates to fulfill tin demands of the agrarian reform. What Russia, Mexico and other countries have done In the matter of land distribution at the cost ot many lives and much money, Rumania accomplished without a shot But reform was not without cost. Uncertainties, lack of organization to meet new conditions, and lack of transportation facilities Increased the cost f borrowed money to 12 and 14 per cent. Credit Is tight In a country where all the money in circulation must pass through the national treasury as taxes three times per year. Greater Rumania is nearly three r Rumania. times as large is The new nation took in Transylvania, the Banat, Bucovina and Bessarabia, and has yet to digest them. Old Rumania was the size of England. Greater Rumania is larger than England adding to itself Wales, Scotland and Like the units of Great Ireland. Britain, each Is different; Bessarabia Is an extension of the Russian black earth prairie ; Bucovina, a forested region; Transylvania an upland notable for Industrie as well as agriculture; the Banat a lowland. Farming Comes First. After the war Rumania saw visions of an industrial future. The country has ample resources; oil, water pow-- r, wood, ore, and a good labor supply. Ten years have dimmed the vision but have not wiped It out. Eight out of ten Rumanians still are farmers so the nation has decided to make a good job of farming before turning to inhavj been ordustry. ganized. Groups of peasants find they can aff d to buy American farm machinery. A grain grading law was passed In 1928. Silk culture starting from nothing has increased to an enterprise enlisting 4,000 workers and $18,000,000 capital. Sinr.e the World war Romanians have turned definitely from wheat to American corn. Greater acreage Is planted In corn han wheat Corn mush displaces bread as a national food. Bessarabia locks like Kansas. But in 1928 a second drought hit the country. The corn crop was failure and Rumania, a country which has exported cereals for years, had to Import corn. The government acted to forestall famlne In some regions. The similarity of parts of Rumania to Kansas extends to sunflowers for which hoth regions are famous. In Rumania sunflowers are a standard crop; 394,355 acres were planted In sunflowers last vear. Oil pressed from sunflower seeds serves as a constituent of butter substitutes. Four foundation stones support life in Rumania; cereals, oil, lumber, and live stock. Production of oil and lumber has progressed vigorously, not enough, however, to offset losses in cereals and live stock. Buys American Automobiles. Despite the depression, and lack of roads, sales of automobiles, most of them American, continue to tncrease. In 1928 12,000 were sold a record. Many of them go to the oil fields where they permit the engineers in charge of outlying wells to get to Ploesti occasionally for the enjoyment of companionship in the International pre-wa- t club. This beautiful building, surrounded by excellently landscaped grounds, Is the home of 263 of Ohios most dangerous criminals. It is the Ohio state reformatory at Mansfield. When built In 1896 the maximum capacity of the reformatory was believed to be 1,500. Prior to the fire and riot In the Ohio state penitentiary at Columbus the Mansfield institution was housing 8,321 inmates. Automobiles are the biggest Item of American imports vhicb include accessories. Aims, oil field equipment, radios, phonographs and records, en- gines, Insecticides and electric refrigerators to the amount of $12,000,000. Walnuts and fur skins are Rumanias chief exports to the United States. Among the Improvements to which Rumania looks forward Is the reclamation of vast areas of swamp land. Seven thousand square miles of marsh will afford ample land for the remainnumbering ing landless peasants, about 600,000. Bucharest (BucurestI), capital ol Rumania, has long been known aa II The Little Paris of the Balkans. has many earmarks of the French d capital. One of its widi LittU Is called the thoroughfares Champs Elysee and there is an Arc de Triomphe, both of which suggest the atmosphere of Paris. The bridle paths flanking the thoroughfare constantly resound with the thua of hoofs of blooded horses, mounted by smart looking men and women ; and the seemingly endless mass of pedestrians strolls In a gay mood with no apparent destination. Bucharest Has Fine Shops. Bucharest Impresses the traveler from the time he emerges from one ol Its modern hotels downtown. Shops most capas fine as can be found itals of the world line the business streets. Behind large plate glass windows the American traveler finds such familiar articles as Amerlcan-mad- s flashlights, radios and phonographs. It is not necessary to find an automobile salesman to see American automobiles on display. The streets ars full of them. In front of a hotel or business building six to eight of a dozen automobiles are popular American makes and across the street a billboard s plastered wlui an advertisement of a popplar car made In Michigan. The doorways of the large movie or ciaema houses display bright colored advertisements with the names of American actresses emblazoned In large letters. Bucharest is a walled town, without the wall.' Crowned, as was the custom when city walls were the main defense, Bucharest drops away from the glitter of the Calea Vlctoriel and Orienthe boulevards to the talism of the outer sections and then abruptly to the empty, dusty plain. Its popuatlon has more than doubled Id the last decade and houses, as elsewhere In eastern Europe, are at a premium. It requires Influence, persistence and bribery to get into one of the few hotels the main i.ttractions of which are the dining rooms, often open to the sky. Surrounded as It is by rich farming country, Bucharest has not lacked for food, and the restaurants are well filled at all times. The Rumanian loves the uniform, and high heels on soft laced boots like those of the French aviators suit he fancy of the young dandles whose perfumed mustaches preserve their dignity by reaching straight out Instead of turning up at the ends. The women are chic. Some Striking Contrasts. The few fine buildings are mixed In with unassuming structures which would never be nt home In Paris or Berlin, and opposite the Imposing War College Tzigane women may be working at a noisy power saw which is reducing crooked poles to Hrewooq. The few main streets are lined with modern buildings and new residence avenues are stretching out toward the periphery of the circular city; but In the crowded center of the town the confusing litter of tiny streets and alleys reminds one of a rabbit warren. In the market place, the traveler gets a glimpse of tire rural folk who cluster about stands of vegetables which they bring to the city from the rolling farm land nearby. Here the men seem to display no particular type of costume, most of them wearing European coats and trousers and there are as many derbies as there are caps and soft hats and woolen head coverings. On the other hand the women folk blaze forth In shawls which cover the head and shoulders, and aprons wlch stripes of a half dozen unblendlng colors. Their dresses are Just short enough to reveal In the summer time all feet art not shod. tree-line- run-dow- n fez-shap- bright-colore- d |