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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH .,vr Sdence ls Not the Fos of Religion A Joint that WASHINGTON, be- tween science and religion Is issued here as representing the conclusions of a group of 40 distinguished Americans on a subject which recently has aroused bitter and widespread controversy. The names of two cabinet officers, Secretaries Hoover and Davis, three bishops and many others in positions of leadership In the political, business, scientific and religious worlds are attached to the declaration, which was prepared by R. A. Milliken, director of the Norman Bridge Laboratory of . Physics at Pasadena, Cal i The purpose, said an accompanying explanation, Is to assist In correcting two erroneous impressions that seem to be current among certain groups of persons. The first Is that religion today stands for medieval theology ; the second that science is materialistic and IrreThe statement follows: ligious. We, the undersigned, deeply . regret that In recent controversies there has been a tendency to present science and religion as Irreconcilable, and antagonistic domains of thought, for in fact they meet distinct human needs, and In the rounding out of human life they supplement rather than displace or oppose each other. , c Canadas thrrii&firuf J&ttAl t2? lrl THE By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN .T1 Congress shall have power, concur-i'Ti iw4 of the several states, to limit or pro the labor of persons under eighteen years. ?i HILD labor must go I ' Such seems to be the sentiment of the American people, notwithstanding the fact that the United States Supreme court has declared unconstitutional two acts to that end passed by congress. The stage Is all set for attempt No. 3, In the next congress. This time a constitutional amendment in the foregoing form is the selected method. In the closing days of the last congress Senator Shortridge of California, from the committee on the (sdlclary, submitted a report on senate Joint resolutions 200, 224, 232, 256 and 262, proposing an amendment to the Constitution conferring on congress power to legislate In respect to child labor, In favor of submitting to the legislatures of the several states the following proposed amendment' to the Constitution: Resolved by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America In s assembled of each house concurring therein). That the following article Is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which when ratified by the legislas tures of of the several states, shall be valid to all Intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution: Article. The congress shall have power, concurrent with that of the several states, to limit or prohibit the labor of persons under the age of eighteen years. It appears that the several senate Joint resolutions were referred to a consisting of Senators Shortridge, Colt of Rhode Island and Walsh at Montana. Their conclusions and recommendations are made a part of the report. The several Joint resolutions were introduced by I the following senators: 200, Senator Johnson of California 224, Senator Townsend of Michigan; 232, Senator McCormick of Illinois; 256, Senator Lodge of Massachusetts; 262, Senator Walsh of Montana. There is the same basic idea In all as in the form recommended by the committee, with the exception of that of Senator Walsh which would declare the power of congress to regulate commerce among the several states to embrace the power to prohibit transportation in Interstate commerce of commodities being the products of any employer of child labor. It will be remembered that the act of September, 1016, undertook to prohibit child labor by prohibiting transportation In Interstate commerce of goods made In factories where child labor was Used. The Supreme court held this act unconstitutional because it exceeds the constitutional authority of congress. Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinlou of the court and used the following language; In our view the necessary effect of this act Is, by means of a prohibition against the movement In Interstate' commerce of ordinary commercial commodities, to regulate the hours of labor ot children In factories and mines within the states, a purely state authority. Thus the act In a twofold sense Is repugnant to the Constitution. It not only transcends the authority delegated to congress over commerce, but also exerts a power as to a purely local matter to which the federal result does not extend. The of upholding the act cannot be more plainly Indicated than by pointing out that if congress can thus regulate matters entrusted to local authority by prohibition of the movement of commodities In interstate commerce, all freedom of coyjmere will be at an end and the power of the states ovei local mutters may be eliminated, and thus our system of government be practically destroyed. The act of Feb. 24, 1919, undertook to prohibit child labor by Imposing a tax of 10 per cent of the net profits of the year upon an employer using child labor. The Supreme court held It unconstitutional on the ground that It Is not a valid exercise by congress of Its powers of taxation under . United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 8. but is an unconstitutional regulation by the use tax as a penalty of the employof the ment of child labor in' the states, which, under United States Constitution, tenth amendment, Is exclusively a state function. folThe- report of ..the committee contains the for the of protecting necessity exposltlo lowing won and explanation of the the hfalld life ' con-gre- ss (two-third- three-fourth- ; . . . ty ' reasons for the form of the constitutional amendment adopted: Inasmuch at the congress has twice considered It necessary and wise to, enact a law for the pro-- tectlon of the child life of our nation It would seem to be the mature and deliberate Judgment of the people that such a law would be beneficial. We must assume that the congress considered that It had the power to enact such laws and thought It for the welfare of the nation to exercise that power. But Inasmuch as the Supreme court of the United States, In Hammer v. Dagenhart and Bailey v. Drexel Furniture eo. decided that the congress under the existing Constitution did not have that Is power, it proposed to confer or delegate that power by way of a proposed amendment. First. It cannot be questioned but that it Is a paramount duty of government to guard and protect the welfare of Its children to the end that they may have the utmost opportunity possible to attain the maximum development of their moral, Intellectual, and physical beings. This is manifestly the due of all Children since they are brought Into the world without their volition, entirely helpless and dependent. But this Is not alone simple Justice to childhood. , It is also of the greatest Importance to every state that Its citizens should attain the highest development above Indicated. And It may be observed that while under our dual system of government the power and duty to make adequate provision by law for the accomplishment? of those most desirable ends are now vested In the several states, nevertheless it is as important to the national government as it Is to the government of every state that Its citizenry be afforded every opportunity for legitimate development, and that such development should neither be stunted nor destroyed. Herein there lies the Justification for the government of the United States In asking of the states that upon It be conferred power concurrent with their own to legislate upon this matter so vital to both. It the states shall have passed appropriate laws, it Is safe to say that any legislation of congress will march side by side with such laws. If a btate has been unmindful of Its then such congressional legislation will workduty no lnjuty but rather a positive benefit to the state Itself as well as to the national government Hence your committee reports In favor of the " submission to the legislatures of the several states of some form of constitutional amendment conferring power' upon the congress to legislate upon the subject j Second. What form shall that proposed amendment bearf Unquestionably It should take the form of a grant of power, and unquestionably the limitations of that power should be precisely defined. Beyond peradventure It should contemplate the future ps well as th e present Indisputably It should be a power concurrent with that of the states, since Its purpose Is not to deprive the states of any of their powers but only to confer like powers on the national government Still further, It will not be questioned but that that power should be given to control, regulate, or even to prohibit the use of such labor In all cases where the character of the labor Is dangerous In Itself or may become dangerous through the Inexperience or heedlessness of childhood ; where In itself or In its surroundings It Is detrimental to the physical or moral welfare of childhood, or where it Is In character too onerous for the growing bodies of youth. Equally manifest Is It that In all occupations where child labor is permitted, legislative authority should have a determinative voice as to the terms, times, conditions, and environment of Its use such as day and night work, reasonable hours, dangerous machinery, hygienic conditions and the like. These are the fundamental considerations ) which have controlled the action of this committee. It has given painstaking consideration to the varying phraseology of the five concurrent resolutions set forth herein above and to be found In part 1 of bearings; It has made extended research Into the legal and popular meanings of words whose use has been recommended, and It has decided to submit the following as the form of he proposed constitutional amendment, which It approves:' , agent , Sir Robert Borden and his government maintained, on the other hand, that In view of Canadas part In the war and the increased constitutional statuB Indicated by their dominion being a separate signatory to the treaty of Versailles, Its. representative, at Washington should be vested with a standing In consonance with the newer conception of Canadian dignity. i The congress shall have power ' concurrent with that of the several states to limit or prohibit labor of persons under the age of eighteen years. A few words may be pertinent here to explain the reasons which influenced the committee In the adoption of the particular form of verbiage in which the resolution Is cast. The use of the words power, concurred, speaks for Itself. The amendment is not designed to deprive the states of any of their police powers but only to have them confer on the national government the right to exercise similar powers. That In so doing they will not deprive themselves of any of their own powers may be taken as conclusively adjudicated by the Supreme court of the United States In the case of United States v. Lansa, decided December 11, 1922. It seemed wise to adopt the word labor in The former word lieu of the word employment expresses precisely the matter, of the proposed amendment It Is the use of the labor rather than the matter of Its employment which Is of direct concern, and to state It thus avoids all possibility of the shufflings and evasions which might follow the adoption of the latter, word. An age limit is declared. It unquestionably would have been simpler to have provided for the regulation and prohibition of the labor of children and to have stopped there.. But your committee became convinced that In asking for this It might fall utterly. - A marked difference of opinion was developed at the hearings before the subcommittee, it being argued on the one hand that after eighteen years of age, girls and boys bad passed the period of dependency and were physically and mentally capable of fending for themselves. so that, the power to protect them which was sought by the amendment could safely be limited to the Indicated age; while, on the other hand. It was argued that many cases and classes merited protection after the age fixed, and that as the states police power embraced Hie protection of Its children during the period of.thelr nonage and up to the Instant of their majorities It was reasonable to ask that Identical police power be ferred on the nation government. Reason ts found In both points of view. But your committee finally concluded to Insert the eighteen-yea- r limitation; because such limitation would certainly embrace the vast majority of cases calling for protection and remedial legislation, while the exceptional cases calling for legislation after that age might arise In one state and not In another, and therefore might safely be left to each state. And, finally, In conthe wisdom-o- f templation of the opposition which almost certainly would arise should the word child be used, and having In mind the common-ladefinition of the word child and the many decisions of courts as to the legal meaning of that word. It was thought expedient to ask for that which would accomplish the greatest good while being subject to the least opposition. In order to removt all doubt a to the power to be delegated. It wad thought wise t6 use the word persons. A conference of progressive governors of botl. parties Is to be held this summer to agree oh certain amendments to the Constitution. Be 8trlctIon of Child Labor" Is one subject certain w be considered. w . , age-lon- to United States Minister appointment of a minister plenipotentiary Washington, which has been under advisement by ' succeeding Canadian governments for four years, Is unlikely to be made until after the Imperial conference In London In October. Such Is the Intimation In official circles both at Ottawa and Washington. The proposition originated when Sir Robert Borden was prime minister and was the subject of prolonged negotiations with the British government.' When London did not object to Canada having a representative at Washington, the British Idea In the first Instance was that such an officer should have only the status of a commissioner or glorified commercial ECZRt&Z&? The purpose of science Is to dewithout prejudice or preconception of any kind, a knowledge ot the facts, the laws and the processes of nature. The even more Important task of religion, on the other hand, Is to develop the conscience, the ideals and the aspirations of mankind. Each of these two activities represents a deep and vital function of man,' and both are necessary for the life, the progress and the happiness of the human race. It Is a sublime conception of God which Is furnished by science, and one wholly consonant with the highest Ideals of religion, when It represents Him as revealing Himself through countless ages In the devel- opment of the earth as an abode for g man, and in the Inbreathing of life Into Its constituent matter, culminating In man with his spiritual nature and all his godlike powers. Those whose names' were attached to the - statement included Bishops William Lawrence and William Thomas Manning of the Episcopal church, and Bishop Francis J. McConnell of the Methodist Episcopal church; Dr. Charles W. Walcott, president of the National Academy of Science; President Angell of Tale, President Burton of the University of Chicago, and Dr. W. T. Mayo. velop, Finally this view prevailed and an agreement was made whereby the Canadian minister should have plenipotentiary powers and also should be the deputy of a British ambassador In case of his absence. No appointment was made, however, the reason as-signed being that a suitable man for the position could not be found. Since the government changed In 1921 the matter has remained in statu quo. The reason put forth by the liberals was also the difficulty of securing a man properly equipped Intellectually, diplomatically, and materially particularly the last for the post The government, however, has Indicated that the proposal of the Canadian minister being deputy of the ambassador was not to their liking, It being feared that complications might readily insult from such action. Another consideration is the attitude of the other dominions and how they would regard Canada having a representative there with plenipotentiary powers, although the adjacency of this dominion to the United States places It In. a position utterly dissimilar from the rest of the British commonwealth. 1 , Warship Still Backbone of U. S. Navy win continue the merits of various types of fightthe United ing weapons, and has sought opinions and the airplane from officers of every school, from the will serve' as an adjunct, not as old bitter-ender- s who believe that a Substitute, for the dreadnaught and metal Is the cardinal facThis Is Indicated finally by a series of weight tor In seaflghtlng to the extremists statements Issued . by carry the fleet Into the the Navy News Service, forecasting who would with certainty the findings of the gen- air. Summed up by opinions issued eral board. The statements include In the Navy News manifesto, the board believes aviation as a opinions from Secretary Denby, As- vital branch of that the service cannot be sistant Secretary Roosevelt and Admirals Coontz, Rodgers and Moffett. pushed too strongly, but at the same The general board, after weeks of re- time the surface fleet must be roundout to the ratio provided for search, wUl recommend that congress ed be asked to appropriate funds for by the naval treaty." Secretary Denby points out that buUding not less than twelve and not more than twenty In each type of once the battleship is accepted as g 10,000-toand doomed by aircraft supremacy, the cruisers, scout submarines and six gunboats, logical conclusion must be to scrap all ships since the floating craft must next session. : The summary of the general board speedily be extinct. This Is not true, as to Its findings of the importance he warns, and since the battleship Is of aircraft has not been made public, still the most powerful weapon of a but aviation enthusiasts who believe fleet, the ships which float upon the that the airplane has eclipsed the bat- sea are a nations strongest power. The tremendous importance of the tleship will find the deathknell of Immediate hopes-- . In Secretary Denbys new weapon, the airplane. Is clear, sentence that the battleship Is still l)e says. Every effort Is being made the strongest element In the nation's to develop It and make it as effective sea defense and will be so long as as possible for offense and defense. most of us now living are concerned The place of the airplane In armies with mundane affairs. , and navies is assured and vital but The general board has been con- the ships that float upon the sea are ducting an exhaustive research Into still the nations strongest power. ships Floating of ly . , n mine-layin- Motor Tourists Given Spice of Life Intersections In some places; In others, an effort to comply with that regulation may prove a short cat to the repair station and station house. With due consideration for1 other traffic you may turn around any place In the streets of some cities ; In oth- erg, you do your turning at corners only or you are out of luck. As to speed, in some states you can use your own judgment, provided It la good, while In others every little village has a limit all its own. As standardization Is the watchword of the hour In Industry, so ths same idea has been taken up with respect to traffic laws. Motor yebldo administrators from the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine have formed a conference " which Is making a drive to secure uniing, Judge I In Pennsylvania you pass a trolley formity In laws. car, traveling In the same direction Strangely enough, one of the greatd that you are going, on the est obstacles In the way of this reside. Cross over Into New Jersey form movement Is to be found in the and you must do exactly the opposite attitude taken by ths motor' pts themf you dont like trouble. selves In many Instances. They de - The vehicle approaching from the not seem to know what Is good for , Igbt ha tn right of way at street them. Is the spice of life, tourists get plenty of spice when they undertake to Inform themselves concerning the vehicular and traffic laws of different states and municipalities and to conform thereto. And If they are not nimble wltted and quick to learn, they may find themselves with ample time to pursue their studies during a few days In Jail or hospital, or an Indefinite sojourn in that bourne whence no traveler returns. For the law as applied to motors speaks a decidedly varied language. Headlights that are approved In one state are taboo In another. You pass around to the right of :he traffic officer In making a d turn In one city, and If you try It In another the next thing you know you hear yourself saying, Good morn- IF 'VARIETY motor . left-han- left-han- - - , i |