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Show K THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Briton Says Japan Fooled Conference and every shape or form. The result that today, barely twelve months after the acceptance of the limitation treaty, a, revival of ship building competition seemk inevitable if the balance of power as regulated by that treaty is to be maintained. To state the case in a sentence: Japan, by diverting to the construction of cruisers and submarines no small part of the energy she formerly expended on capital ships, will soon be in possession of a fleet of auxiliary combatant to vessels superior in some respects that of any other power. Mr. Bywater says that as soon as Japan learned that the Washington government was contemplating a naval armament conference it set to work feverishly to complete the fortification of the Bonin islands under the strictest secrecy. By December, 1921, the work was finished. Meanwhile, says Mr. Bywater, the Washington conference ( had assembled and Admiral Baron Kato of the Japanese delegation had taken the first opportunity to inform hla American colleagues that Japan regarded the abandonment of the Philippine and Guam fortifications as the condition precedent to negotiations for the reduction of he shipbuilding program. is- VX7ASHINGTON. Something of a furor has been stirred up In naval, political and diplomatic Circles here by the publication in the Atlantic Monthly of an article written by Hector Bywater, celebrated British naval authority, calling the Washington armament conference a patent failure in its main purpose and describing in rather frank manner how the Japanese outwitted the American delegates. Senator Robinson (Dem., Ark.) laid the article before the senate and had it published in' the Congressional Record. The Initial fact that emerges from a survey of the situation today," Mr. Bywater wrote, Is the patent failure of the conference to achieve Its main purpose, namely, to check the further expansion of sea armaments in any Development of Water Transportation! rpHERE are numerous indications that a tremendous development of water transportation in this country is at hand. High freight rates and the inability of the railroads to finance extensions and the additional equipment required by Increased agricultural and Industrial production are accelerating the development of other means of transportation, , notably : motortrucks and vessels. Reviving prosperity indicates that the day is not far distant when every carrier resource of the country will be taxed to the limit The demand for adequate and cheap transportation then will be so great it Is calculated, as to carry the St Lawrence seaway and the lakes to the gulf waterway projects to swift consummation, making the Great Lakes system the greatest waterway in the world In volume of commerce. Already Washington is being bombarded by the shipping interests with appeals to remove alleged rate discriminations that have grown up in favor of all rail transportation and against water or rail and water carriage. Such discriminations, it is asserted, are hampering the development of waterways to meet transpor' tation needs. 5C3 . ' STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL TO THE CONFEDERACY A NEW WONDER OF THE WORLD By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN OBK has been begun upon a new wonder of the world the "Lost Cause" In granite the memorial to the Confederate States of America to be carved on the face of Stone mountain, sixteen miles east of Atlanta, Ga. Stone mountalnn Is In Itself a , natural wonder. It Is a solid mass of granite rising abruptly It from the level farmlands. covers an area of 6even miles. It slopes on three sides. There Is ,a path to the summit from the south side; Its length Is approximately a mile. It Is estimated that the mountain contains gran-- ' tte enough to pave a highway 70 times around the 'earth. Quarrying has been done for years and many notable buildings the country over are : built of Its granite. 'The Venable family owns the ' mountain and quarrying has made them rich. It Is said that Sam H. Venable swapped a mule for the mountain. It is a popular belief In Atlanta and towns adjacent to the mountain that It was once the home of a great Indian tribe and that the Indians were the only ones who were ever able to scale the perpendicular side. But so far as known history goes there has never been a human being who has succeeded In climbing this side. Many have tried, some have met death, others have been able to get a part of the way up, but never has a man .been able to go all the way to the top of Stone mountain except along the one beaten track from the south approach. The present day Ku Klux Klan held Its first initiation at midnight atop the mountain and since that time has held many ceremonials on it It Is said that In the carpetbag days Just after the Civil war the real Ku Klux Klan held many meetings ; i there. Mr. Venable has donated the sheer north cliff to the Daughters of the Confederacy, under whose auspices the memorial is being made. The memorial will be carved on the sheer face to of stone mountain. Therefore this memorial accidental an north the faces Cause Lost the fact, but Interesting! This sheer north face of Stone mountain is about 700 feet high. It is only slightly corroded centuries and bears by the elements through themade it ready for the no vegetation. Nature has ' ' man. of chisel The memorial, in brief, represents the fighting snen of the Confederacy marching across the face of the cliff. The host will occupy a space of 700 by 100 feet The carved strip 300 svlil have about 800 feet of cliff below it and Incidentally, the illustration herewith is . above it not in proportion. Gen. Robert E. Lee, with Jefferson Davis, presimuster. His dent of the Confederacy, leadsin the would A proportion body bead Is nine feet high. horse stands 15 hands A good-size- d horse man on a A to hat from ground feet 81 high would be about IhSes. 63-fo- 50-fo- This indicates the size of the figures of the memorial The memorial Is to represent the mobilization of the Confederate forces. All branches of the army Infantry, cavalry, artillery will be shown marching across the face of the mountain. A group of Confederate leaders will be seen in the foreground reviewing these troops. This group will Include Lee, Davis, Jackson, Johnston, Beauregard, Steu-ar- t, Gordon and Wheeler. Gutzon Borglum, the American sculptor of worldwide fame. Is the presiding genius of the work. He is quoted as saying that he has donated his services; that the memorial Is with him a labor of artistic love; that he Intends to make it his life work; that completion may be expected In about eight years ; that the completed memorial will take a front rank among the wonders of the world. If the memorial Is to be one of the wonders of the world, the methods of Its making are scarcely less wonderful. As a preliminary to the actual carvihg of the figures, the biggest photographs ever Imagined by man will be printed on the face of the cliff. These photographs will be printed on the cliff exactly as a photographer In his dark room prints a picture on a piece of sensitized paper. The side of the mountain will be the piece of paper. It will be sensitized with chemicals. At a distance of 700 feet away on the flat plain will be stationed a huge projecting machine. Mr. Borglum will stand at the machine and throw his picture on the mountain side, where the chemicals will retain, the impression on the solid rock. ... First I will determine the exact location for General Lees figure, which will be the first to be carved. I will make that spot on the mountain sensitive to light by pouring chemicals over it Men wdll be lowered down the mountain side with several barrels of nitrate of silver. The application of the nitrate will, In effect, turn the granite. into a sensitized plate. Working only at night, because the night itself will be my dark room, I will let the rays of the lamp shine against' the sensitized mountain side for several hours. After that, more men will be lowered down the mountain side. They will pour over the exposed spot developing fluid and then fixing fluid. , At last the spot will be washed with about 10,000 gallons of water poured over the brink of the precipice. When daybreak comes the picture should , be Imprinted plainly. "When one spot Is printed the workmen will begin carving on it at once in order to avoid the picture fading by any chance, though It should remain there for months, perhaps years. ; I will treat the side of the mountain In this way, section by section, until the entire memorial is printed and carved." The lamp to which Mr. Borglum refers is thus explained by him: When I first thought of this plan I wrote to different manufacturers of lamps, but at first my plan appeared to them to be impossible. It wasnt, however. I have finished assembling at my studio in Stamford, Connecticut, a lamp, the most power-- . ful ever built in this country, that will throw its , . rays a distance of 700 feet, which is the distance I must project my drawing from the foot of Stone mountain to the point where I intend to carve. It will be necessary to fix the lamp so that it can be held absolutely motionless. This will be due to the fact that the negative I place in the lamp will be magnified many times over on the mountainside. For instance, in experiments I have made in my studio at Stamford, the head of General Lees horse was little more than the size of a pinhead on the slide, and yet when I projected it on a canvas 600 feet away, it was enlarged to the height of 24 feet A tiny error in the adjustment of the lamp or in the proportions of the drawing on the negative will be magnified manyfold on the mountain. This means that we will have to use great pains, and that our task of completing the outline of the memorial will not be finished In a night. It Is evident that the carving of the memorial Is a dangerous undertaking. Mr. Borglum says on this point: Of course the work will be filled with dangers. Many of the men engaged In It may lose their lives, for a false step at any time will mean an instantaneous death yet the thought of danger only heightens my desire to overcome all obstacles. It Is my plan to carve the figures of Lee and of Davis first, a work that will cost about $100,000 ; then I will proceed with the others in the main group; and after that I hope to carve an 'entire army marching across the face of the mountain. If I am able to do that, the various groups of the memorial will extend for a distance of 700 feet across the mountainside. The memorial, as I plan it, will without doubt be the greatest monument ever built. The single figures will dwarf other pieces of sculpture, and the entire effect of an army marching across the mountain in review before their leaders wdll be bigger than anything of Its sort ever before attempted." The successful completion of the memorial will doubtless result In other features that will transform the neighborhood. Mr. Venable, who lives in Atlanta and is a millionaire, has subscribed liberally to a project for an open-ai- r theater at the foot of the cliff, below the memorial. It has been demonstrated that the sheer cliff constitutes a most remarkable sounding board. Marie Tiffany, an opera star, sang with hef back to the cliff and It is said that her voice was heard at a distance of a mile. As orchestral, concert was recently given at the foot of the cliff with astonishing results. So it is proposed to build an enormous open-ai- r theater, patterned after the Coliseum of Rome and seating 20,000 persons. Mr. Venable also says that he hopes the Daughters of the Confederacy will build a hotel adjacent to the park of several hundred acres to be established at the foot of the mountain. He intimates that unless they do he wdll himself build a fine tourist hotel to take care of the crowds of visitors. Then there is talk of a museum along lines suggested by the memorial. This may be establlshnd in chambers to be blasted out of the mountain.. . Progress of the Birth Control Bill Seen bills; have received only one adverse letter each up to the present , The protest to Senator Cummins . ' Julius Barnes, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, has called a conference of transportation and shipping interests to study the rate structure and other problems with a view to removing obstacles to the expansion of transit . facilities. . One of the most comprehensive presentations Of the complaint of rate discrimination against Great Lakes traffic has been made to the federal coal commission by H. E. Smith, prefr ident of the Northwestern Coal Dock ' Operators association, and Fred G. Hartwell of Chicago. They told the' commission that except in the case of strikes, shortages and high prices of coal are due exclusively to lack of transportation. TUT EMBERS of the Judiciary mlttees of the senate and were deluged with letters from all parts of the country urging favorable action on Oummlns-Klssbill by the Voluntary Parenthood league for the purpose of removing from the old Anthony Comstock law of 1873 the prohibition against circulation of contraceptive information. The pending bill is known as the birth control bill. Contrary to general expectations, organized opposition has not developed, according to its sponsors, who say the appeal for its adoption is growing steadily. Senator Cummins (Rep. Ia) and Representative Kissel (Rep., N. Y.), who Introduced the corn-hou- se 1 el piro-pos- came from John Sumner, successor to Anthony Comstock as head of the New York Society for Suppression of Vice. Comstock initiated the old statute which the Cummlns-Klsse- l bill would amend by taking out the words that prohibit circulation of sclentlfla knowledge as to the control of con. ception. Although the birth control advocates finally have succeeded in getting the bill before congress, there is a demonstration of official timidity there in dealing with this vexatious social Issue in which multitudes of people are deeply Interested. Members of both houses realize that the practice of birth control has been growing in this country, particularly among what are called the upper classes. They know that books, magazine articles and studies have appeared, in the last few years dealing with this subject There is a Washington office in charge of energetic and zealous advocates. There is a campaign paper, called the Birth Control Herald, which Is described as the official organ of the league. Why Congress and Country Get T T IS ftn open secret that when a Rest President Harding decided not to eall an- extra session of congress official Washington breathed a sigh of relief. To be sure, when he came to his decision, everything pointed , to the failure of the pending ship subsidy bill, through the inability of its sponsors to bring it to a vote in the senate. The President, however, concluded . that it would be a waste of time to have the bill taken up again by the new congress in an extra session. There were other reasons for the Presidents decision. He thought the country needed a long rest from congressional agitation. The rest is especially desired by business interests which have been uneasy over certain tendencies of a considerable portion of the membership of the senate and house regarded by the business interests as radical. Of special Interest in this connection is the Presidents decision to take no further steps toward an investigation of the railroad situation during the congressional recess. As proposed originally by the elation of Owners of Railroad Securities, the plan was to direct that all railway freight cars should be pooled under the control of a federal commission which should have authority to allocate them as conditions warranted according to localities, seasonal activities and other considerations. To recognise all the elements which his conferees desired to have Included is the commissions personnel would mean the appointment of a body of about 60 persons. After consideration of all the suggestions made the President came to the conclusion that the plan was not feasible and he therefore abandoned the whole schema |