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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH. UTAH is tnorougbty dependable. Thin is n fortunate for there are undoubtedly Af.IONG FARMERS many reliable selling agencies. However, the failure to establish suitable connections and the general lack of confidence among farmers' organization in existing marketing agencies fflv Or. W. L. Wanlass, Dean of the has led the American Farm Bureau School of Commerce and BusiFederation, through various corporaness Administration Utah tions which It has fostered to estabAgricultural College lish at various markets selling , organizations which are supposed to Ol'any ventures in the field of co- represent the organized farmers diThus livestock commission operation have failed because the rectly. rooperators ' did not differentiate be- houses have been established in sevmartween the things they should and eral of the principal could not and should not attempt to kets. It Is the slut of these commisdo. This does not mean that all sion houses to connect up with coopshipping associations groups should attempt to do the same erative in such a way as to handle all shipMuch the genthings. depends upon eral situation. What is the principal ments madeby these organizations. object to be attained through coop- Already, a large volume of business To eration? What is to be the size of has been handled In this way. a less extent but In a similar manner organization? What commodity ' or commodities are to be grown or grain is being marketed tlirougn handled? What will be the probable agencies that are supposed to be directly representative of the organ volume? The point to those and izd farmers themselves. Upon the answers similar questions the scope or activl-te- s to be noted Is that these cooperative of the cooperative enterprise selling agencies becom available to should be determined.But through farmers only after they have perfected , it all this fundamental principle must local organization to do the things he kept In mind; Successful coopera-- , indicated In the earlier part of this tlon, like charity, must begin at home. discussion. Up to the present time an effort It Is futile for any group of fanners to think of reaching away out to per-fo.- has been made to set more or less the complex functions of mar- well defined limits to the field of keting or distribution until they have cooperation. Before concluding H learned to do well the things that are should be pointed out that there are close at hand. Failure to recognize a few fundamentals upon which all this Important principal has been the successful cooperation must be based. These principles must be adrock upon which many a hered be whether to the organization As enterprise has founered. one studies the history of our most large or small. They may be briefly , successful cooperative organizations slated as follows: First, there must be intellectual be finds that nearly all of them have had to back up for a second start or spiritual cooperation before there simply because they did not at first can bo successful material cooperarecognize their own limitations. Na- tion. To be good cooperators, men turally, the lesson is learned at ter-rll- c must be thoroughly convinced of the cost. Most organizations are so value of cooperation. For this reainjured by the shock that they do not son it Is much better that the move ment be initiated by the people imhave (the power to start anew. Wlhat then, are some of the things mediately concerned than that it be that a group of farmers can do In a brought to them by some one from cooperative way with reasonable hope qutside. the physical conditions Second, of success? If it is a marketing organization, one of tne easiest and at must be favorable. There should be the same time one of the most im- a sufficient volume of business, acportant things such a group can do is tual or potential, to warrant the forto determine with great care Just mation of an organization. Only one what commodity or commodities can commbdlty or a small number of simbe most successfully produced. There ilar commodities should be handled. are many- factors to be considered. Third, no business, cooperative or Soil and climatic conditions, distance otherwise, win succeed without reato market, methods of reaching the sonably goo management. As volume market, the particular variety or fope of business done or number of functhat Is in greatest demand these nnd tions performed increases arrange and more Impomany other, iteiiis mup he carefully ment becomes ' more ' ' weighed end examined. The writer rtant .has In mind one locality which set Fourth, there must be absolute out, cooperatively to gain its economic loyalty on the part ef the membersalvation by growing strawberries for ship toward the organization. To this rather distant markets. After much end the association sould have definite expenditure of effort they discovered objects in vjew and there should be that the particular variety of berry a common understanding as to what selected and planted though lovely to these objects are. Where there la look upon, would hardly stand ship- any doubt as te the loyalty of memconping across the street. Necessarily, ber there should he a binding their salvation was considerably de- tract between them and the association. layed If not seriously jeopardized. The thousands of highly successful Other localities that have studied organizations In this these matters with great care hawe cooperative built up reputations which are worth country show conclusively that coopmillions of dollars. There is much eration among farmers is both feasto be accomplished In this direction. ible and profitable if they will but and adVery rarely are markets glutted with recognize their limitations superior products that have attained here to sound fundamental principles. a market reputation. Another marketing function closely They Were Honeymoonere. She had said something that disrelated to the one already described which farmers working cooperatively tressed him and, seeing the look on his can perform better and cheaper than face, she exclaimed : Oh, my darling, anyone else is tbat of grading and I'm afraid I have hurt you. No, dearest, he replied, gravely, packing products for market Here to the fact that again the opportunities for improve- I the hurt I feel is due know it hurts you to feel that yon ment are great Few Indeed are the have hurt me. cooperative enterprises that have Ah, not she said. Do not let that realized their full possibilties In this hurt you for an Instant My hurt is direction. Everywhere consumers are because I know it hurts you to feel more and more demanding commodthat I have hurt myself hurting yon. ities that are uniform and dependable I No, no, my My hurt Is To meet this demand because you areprecious throughout. hurt over feeling that markets and market agencies are will- I am hurt because you feel that you ing to pay a premium for products of have hurt me and are therefore hurt this doss. Here is the producer's op- yourself and portunity. .But let ua leave them, dear reader. To do these two things thoroughly They will get over It In time. Boston and well Is an adequate program for Evening Transcript. Canada's Canal system. any now cooperative enterprise no There are six canal systems undet matter how ambitious it may be. Steps beyond this In the marketing the control of the Dominion governprocess should be left to other agen- ment, the most Important of which Is cies wblch, by reason of experience that between Fort William and Monand specialization, are much better treal. The other systems are between fitted to do the work than a new or- Montreal and the international bounnear Lake Champlain; Montreal ganization of farmers can possibly be. dary and Kingston, th WKh a local group, actively coop-- h and Ottawa, Ottawa canal from the Atlantic St. Peters orating to do the things they ere so ocean to the Bras d'Or lakes, Cape prominently fitted to do, properly co- Breton and the lncompleted canal from nnected up with a dependable distribu- - Trenton to Lake Huron. agency, wb have an almost Ideal ' arrangement itlve Generally, Tho Homecoming Turtle. should be the permanent ar- . For several years a turtle, althougi rangement It may be, however, that owing to damage dene It was removed as the local organization gains ex- several miles from Milford, N. J., had perience and Is able to acquire effi- been coming back to a tomato patch cient management it may with profit In that city. Scientists became inter teach out and perform other furic-tlon- s ested and It was taken several miles that are more strictly a part beyond the Delaware river. After fom of the marketing- process. This Is years It was again found among the particularly true where the volume of tomato plants. ,. business handled in Inrga A conThrough the Little Window. siderable f number of our most sucSo youre back from your vacation cessful cooperative enterprises, after most bumble beginning, have grad- ehT we remarked to our favorita ually widened their scope until they postal clerk. Yes, he replied, back to the old now cover practically the, entire disBoston Tran , ground. stamping to consumer. tance from producer-script r Most frequently this is accomplished by a numjber of local organizations In ' Pensive. a district federating themselves toWhat are you girls going to & a fohn sales central agency. next? gether to It Is not Always possible for a coWhat now?" operative association to establish conJust saw one standing In front of , nections with an independent marker-ta- a barber ahop rubbing bar chin."- or distributive organization which Louisville Courier Journal. PROPER FIELD FOR GOOD CALF STANCHION EASILY MADE DAIRY FACTS ' wipe the cows udder and flunks before milking. Dont milk with wet hands. Dont run cold milk through the separator. Dont forget to cool the cream Immediately after separation is . completed. Dont live-stoc- k - m - . , ( , - g -- GREAT ADVANTAGE Dont forget to live-stoc- k - Don'ts Some Good Dairy mix and warm cool cieam. Dont put dirty vessels. Dont forget to wash the separator after each separation. Dont separate the milk without first straining it. ' Dont fail to operate the separator according to directions. Dont expect .the cream can to reach destination unless it Is plainly addressed. Dont feed dusty hay or feeds Just before milk- Calf Stanchion Designed by the Dairy Division of the Department of Farmers and dRfrymen are well acquainted with the disposition of young calves to upset pails cf feed, and when several young members of the bovine family eat together their respective appetites are not easily regulated where the self-helor cafeteria plan of feeding prevails. Manufacturers of mechanlcul devices have capitalized this condition and there are on the market steel stanchions for inclosing calves at mealtimes. These appliances, however, entail an expenditure of money which, the dairyman may object to in the event .hat makeshift arrangements are to be found. May Be Built Cheaply. K. L. Parks, dairy engineer of the dairy division. United States Department ef Agriculture, has designed a calf stanchion that may be built by the farmer or dairyman at a eost of approximately $2. Tlijs home-mad- e unit Is In use at the xperlmental dairy farm at Beltsville, Md. The stanchion cun be ' built singly or arranged in series so as to accommodate as many yonng animals us -- re maintained on the particular farm employing this convenient device. Common pine lumber is used as the p CUT-OVE- R WOODLOT FAVORED Value increased in After Years by Taking Out Defective and Undesirable Trees. The owner of a farm woodlot who la looking to the future as well as to the present will prefer wlint Is known as an improvement cutting, to a less systematic harvesting of his timber crop, forestry specialists declare. They say that It will pay the farmer to leave standing a considerable percentage of those kinds of trees which he wants to encourage In his woodlot. These trees will seed the soil and fill up the gaps left by the cutting. All logging operations should be made with the preservation and extension of the stand of young growth tn mind. It is considered a good practice at the first cutting to remove trees like the chestnut, aspen, Ironwood and beech, since they are considered less desirable and satisfactory In New York wood I fits. construction material, the unit at the government farm requiring about twenty board feet of lumber. A space of two feet Is allowed for each stanchion where the arrangement Is In series. When young calves are thus temporarily Imprisoned, the feed pall Is immune from the kicking tendencies of the future dairy cow and a group of these members of the bovine family may take luncheon together without there being an evidence of greediness of any calf to the displeasure of another. Calves from the time they-given access to the feed pail until three months of age may he caged In. these stanchions when partaking of their meals. After the elapse of 00 days of their life, they can he placed in pens. Blueprints of these stanchions may be had by addressing requests to the dairy division. United States Depart-ifien- t of Agriculture, Washington. Al ing. GIVE batt-injure- Most Excellent Plan ready, In testimony to the remarkable cheapness and value of these homemade stanchions, there are hundreds of them in service, faithfully duplicating the structural outline of the dairy engineer of this federal Cost must not play the important part In caring for the herd bull, which needs as much attention as does the milking herd. When six months old the bull calf should be separated from the heifer calves and fed a ration that will keep him growing rapidly. At this age from four to eight pounds of DOES NOT CAUSE SOUR SOILS grain daily, depending on his size. Is Ihe amount recommended by dairy speNo Ground for Common Belief That cialists of the New Jersey State Agricultural college. Use of Acid Phosphate Will Most dairymen prefer to feed bulls Prove Injurious. the same grain ration that is fed to I ' adContrary to popular belief, the use the other growing stock. But tn of arid phosphate will not produce dition, a good leguminous roughage is on aclditj In the soils, according to a necessary, the amount depending sthterdent made by the workers in the the size of the animal. Mature bulls field of agronomy at the New York will often consume 15 pounds of hay state college of agriculture at Ithaca. daily. Silage may be fed to the grow- The college long has advocated a greater use of acid phosphate with or without manure for fertilizing soils. Some farmers, however, have feared that to do this would mean that greatly Increased quantities of limestone or lime would then be required for the growth of clover and alfalfa. These fears, however, are groundless, it is stated. Indeed, experiments made at .Rhode Island show that acid phosphute actually served to reduce soli acidity. Dr. Burgess, who made the test, declares positively that there Is no foundation for the statement that soils will become more add from the continuous use of acid phosphate. The soil specialists state, however, that sour soil should be limed In advance of the application of ncid phosDo not fear soil acidity from phate. the use of acid phosphate. conclude the workers at Cornell, who add that with legumes and manure about 200 Hsrd Bull NeedB as Much Care as Milkers. pounds of .acid phosphate a year, on an average, when used for grain and f. Ing bull In small amounts, and up to bay crops, give excellent results. 15 pounds to a mature anlinu). A common grain ration for the maREMOVE TRASH FROM GARDEN ture bull after complete growth Is: It la perhaps best to remove trash from the garden and burn it, because fer Eradication HERD BULL GOOD CARE Animal Entitled to and Needs as Much Attention as Milking Herd-F-eed Some Grain. Thrss parts cornmeal. Three parts ground oata Three parts wheat bran. One part Unseed meal. by Manuring. POISON FOR POCKET GOPHERS fertility can be maintained through the application of manure and fertilizers. Although diseases cunnot In 15 years an Oregon farmer paid be controlled entirely by this method, In keeping out $2,500 in bounties on pocket go- the burning will assist them In check. The garden, of court 750 25 to cents nt get apiece, phers, acres of land cleared of those pests. should be plowed in the fall to perasHis private opinion was that I he mit early working. This will also sist is insect and disease control. bounty men always left a few animals so that they could come back ugnin. LIME REQUIRED IN GARDENS A demonstrator of the biological sur-veof the United States Department of Agriculture visited this man's farm Scatter Shovelful or Two of Material and showed him how to use poison. Into Compost Heap Easy Way of Applying. The cost of the first application was $1.50 for poison and $21 for labor for As the leaves, lawn clippings, vegeseven days time. A second application Is yet to be made to complete table leaves, and stulks are raked up eradication, but after the first applica- und throwu Into piles to be composted tion only one fresh gopher mound could during the winter, scatter in a shoveh be found. ful or two of lime. Lime is often needed In gardens more than fertilize! GIVE MACHINERY GOOD CARE materials, and this is one of the eae lest ways of applying 1L Ground lime, When Exposed te Open Weather It stone may be bought at a low price at building material yards. Detrioratee Quickly Prevent Action ef Rust. BURN RUBBISH FROM GARDEN One of mans chief obligations om earth seems te be to see that some- Excellent Plan to Destroy Injurious Insect and Prevent Many Plant thing is done to combat some of the Diseases. hostile and destructive forces of nature. It must' be done, else we lose Many- - plant diseases and Injurious much In money, time end : property. All kinds of machinery, when exposed Insects live over winter In the dead to the open weather, mast be protected stalks of garden vegetables and other In some way to hinder and, (f possible, refuse left after the cropping season prevent the action of rust that de- is over. The best plan Is to rake all structive formation on metal which Is this material together, and when dry so expensive and such a bother. You set a match to tt. While some organic need but three elements to form rust matter will be destroyed, much troublr for next year will be obviated. end these ere iron, water and air, of Pesta as Bounty Men Leave Few Animals. y Along with this ration should be some To keep 'the corn fodder or stover. bull in excellent condition, but not fat, exercise is a facto that must not be forgotten. If the bull cannot have access to a yard at all times, he should at least be tied outdoors each day and allowed to go back and forth by a cable. fed' leguminous roughage and m FARM INDUSTRY NEW DAIRY Shipment of Surplus Cream In Georgia County Makes Largs Growth. In the spring - In Argument That Roads Do Not Dry Out Readily After Rains Does Held Good Nowadays. The forestry department of Minnesota is said to have aroused an active enthusiasm In the state for securing shaded highways and the department will this year plant 30,000 trees along the roadways and plans to add an equal number each successive year. In Pennsylvania a similar movement Is under way. One objection heretofore to shade trees by the roadsides has. been that the roads did not dry out readily after ruins, but that mudholes lingered, dmee road building according te more modern methods has been so generally adopted, this argument is no longer good, says the Indianapolis Star. Thousands of miles of cement and asphalt pavement have been laid In states between Florida and Nebraska, and at first objection was made to tree planting along such roads on the ground that the tree roots would upAs this lift or crack the surface. rarely happens in city streets, no good reason is evident why it should be different along country roads, and, in fact, those who have experimented say if the trees are set far enough back no ill result follows. Much would depend, of course, on the character of the tree, whether or not It had a tap root or spreading surface roots. An intelligent person would hardly recommend the planting of a beech tree near a pavement It has been realized that cement and asphalt roads radiate a lient on summer days that dirt and grave! roads do not, and that wayside trees, always welcome to summer travelers not only for their cooiing shade, but for their softening of highway glare, are especially desirable with the new pavements. Trees grow slowly and the progress of planting will keep pace only with the public sentiment In its favor, so that at best It will be many years before onr Lincoln and Dixie highways and our state roads will be the shaded thoroughfares that they may become. The time will doubtless however, when American country roads will rival In beauty any citys suburban streets lined with tfees. Roads, as they are now, at least In the middle West, with Its improved farms, the clearing of much forest . Dont expect the milk or cream to be cooler than the surroundings where It is kept. . Dont skim too thin cream. Dont expect to get top price for cream unless cows, stable, utensils, separator, and milkers are kept clean. Dont forget that there is good money In dairying If it is properly done. d end heavy foliaged, llmby trees of every variety may likewise be disposed of at the first cutting. White pine, white ash, basswood, red oak, hard maple, tulip, poplar, and in some cases even hemlock should be encouraged. A special warning Is given against making the first cutting too heavy. It is said to be better to make this first cutting most carefully and If desirable to go over die woodlot again In five or ten years., If the first cutting Is too heavy, it may result in a tangle of brambles which will retard all devel- Best Plan to Gather It Up and Turn opment. It Fertility Can Be Maintained Stag-heade- d, milk or cream Into OF TREES a Georgia "of 1921 seven farmers county were tnduced by the comity extension agent te make a trial shipment of 20 pounds of surplus cream. In June, 1922, 14 months later, according to a report made to the United States Department of Agriculture, this new farm Industry had grown to the extent of 10,000 pounds shipped from that county during the month. ar-riv- Along an improved Highway in Min- nesota. land in recent years and the banishing of the old rail fences, lack much of the picturesqueness of the earlier days, with zigzag fence corners filled with seedling trees, berry bushes and shrubs and flowers of many sorts. Those fence corners were wild gardens and as much of a Joy to the soul of an artist as they were a trial to the thrifty farmer. It was only an occasional farmer, however, who took the time and trouble to keep his fences clear and they remained for many years an undisturbed feature of American country life, a harbor for birds and pestiferous small animals and a disseminator of weed seeds, but a joy to the eye of the appreciative passing traveler. William Hamilton Gibson, an artist and writer, onoe celebrated the American fence corner In a book, and Indianas poet, Benjamin Parker, mourned over the advent of barbed wire as a highway boundary. But trees lining the thoroughfares up and down and across the country wilt add a charm that every one coubl enjoy. ' Texas and New York Lead. Texas and New York are the states which receive the largest' allotments of federal aid for highways,, which U distributed on the basis of population, area, and mHeage of rural highways. Prevent Spoiled Sitaga, There wlU always be more or less spotted silage around the doors unless something is done to make the Joint airtight. Concrete Highway Pavement. square yarC of concrete highway pavemeot, equivalent to 6,000 miles of road, were built lu the United States last fear. Roughage of Importance. In planning a ration for dairy cows the roughage is of first Importance. It affords the bulk that Is necessary to every good ratlou. Road Work In Missouri. In August Missouri placed 126.7 work trader miles of new federal-ai- d construction. Better Half of Herd. The pnrebred sire U the better half tt the herd Nineteen thousand three htndred road and eight miles of Federal-ai- d md b;en completed on August St. . More than .63,000,000 18-fo- ot |