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Show 1 V THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH, UTAH tric car la the eler alights at la Lima, the thriving city Not far away city of Callao the travone of the many plazas capital of Peru and a of 200,000 inhabitants. he will find- the center of the citys life and' traditions the Plaza Mayor, or great square. . Ail of the citys street car lines radiate from this center as though representing the Influence and power that radiated from the same spt to all South America when Lima was the City of ' tlie King. On one side of the JPlaza Mayor rises the Cathedral with its lofty twin towers. Pizarro is said to have laid the foundation stones. His mummy exhibited inside the structure. Facing another side, of the main plaza is the old vice-regpalace, still used for governmental purposes. Not far away-ithe oldest .university in tlie western hemisphere,' the Universi-da- d de San Marcos, established more than half a century before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. In tlie Lima of the present tlie classic old Unlversi-da- d shares the educational field with the thoroughly modern technical colleges devoted to engineering, medicine, and agriculture. Lima and Callao, thought of vaguely perhaps byciuauy as somewhere near the northern end of South Americas Pacific coast, are approximately 1,600 miles sduth of Panama as far from the isthmus as Key West is from Nova Scotia.' Though only ten degrees south of tlie equator, anil ' therefore well within the tropics, these cities, due to the dryness, of the western slopes of the Andes and to the cold Humboldt Current that washes the coast, have an equable climate. The temperature in summer (December ' to' May) seldom rises above 80 degrees Fahren-'hei- t, and in winter rarely falls below 60 degrees. . ow .WHERE AMERICAS UED DOCUMENTS KEPT VAL-- j ARE . The most Important chronicles of some ancieDt nations have come down to present generations engraved on The United porphyry and marble. States, however,, having existed wholly in an age of paper, has all its most precious historical records in the form of paper documents, which can easily be destroyed by fire, and injured by dampness, extreme dryness, or s . rough-handling- A recent fire, which destroyed Irreplaceable records in the census bureau at Washington, and ad almost simultaneous fire in the Statf capitol of West Virginia, which practically wiped out the archives of that State, have reinforced the argument of those urging that a fireproof hall of records be built-iWashington so the federal governments priceless papers may be kept In safety! While the Constitution is the most important document possessed by the United States, the. Declaration of Independence com.es first among our great state papers in point of time and probably in the hearts of the American people. The original of this challenge to' tyranny whlch, like the shot fired at Lexington, has been heard round the World, and has helped to mould monarchies and colonies Into republics, is In the hands of the department of state and Is kept In a steel case In the State, War and Navy building, whleh adjoins the White House on the west. The original ot the Constitution is locked In the same case, which may therefore be considered the steel Ark of the Covenant of the government of the .United States. Washingtons farewell address may fairly be considered one of the greatest papers produced in the 145 years of the republic's independence. Ttds document is not owned by the federal government, but is kept in the New York public library, at Forty-seconstreet and Fifth avenue. The next paper to stand out as a milepost In the shaping of a national Policy is the message to congress by President Monroe proclaiming the Monroe Doctrine. The original message la in the files of the senate in the apitoL building at Washington. , The Gettysburg address of Lincoln, scrawled in longhand, is in the library f' congress at Washington. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is in the library of the state partment in Washington, and there too are all the treaties entered into by the United States, from that ot 1778 with the French and that of 1783 which closed the Revolution, down to the present' Among these perhaps the most Interesting are those which have contributed to the great territorial growth of the country. . There is the treaty of 1803 with France which arranged for what is probably the greatest real estate deal In history the Louisiana Purchase. There is the treaty with Spain, which added Florida to the new republic; and the uncompleted 'treaty with the Independent republic of Texas which led to the only instance in which a separate nation has merged itself with the United States. Near them In the files of the state department are the treaties with Mexico adding to the United States, California and the other territory west of Texas and south ot Oregon; the treaty with Great Britain adding Oregon ; the treaty with Russia arranging for the second greatest purchase of territory, the Alaska Purchase ; and the treaties which have ' resulted in bringing Hawaii, the Philippines, Port Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands 'under the American flag. d ' WHERE FLEET VISITED ' LIMA AND CALLAO American Blue Jackets of the Atlantic fleet recently visited Lima, capital of Peru, after the passage of the fighting ships through the Panama canal. The fleet lay at anchor at Callao, the port of Lima, only a few miles away. The history of Callaos sheltered bay, which constitutes one 'of the best harbors oh the Pacific coast of South America may be considered to have' begun shortly after Pizarro and his bearded Comrades entered Per,u in 1532. 7 From Callao in the years that followed sailed a constant stream of gab leons loaded with the gold aiyl silver - ' t T ' VALPARAISO, WHERE OUR FLEET VISITED m Valparaiso, home of Chiles naval academy, was visited recently by the United States Pacific fleet while the Atlantic fleet was anchored at Callao, Peru. " The harbor of Valparaiso, while not so remarkable as that of Rio de' Janeiro where tropical verdure runs riot among granite crags, nor so idyllic as d Naples, still deserves vivid, to rank with them and three or four others as the most beautiful and striking of the important harbors ' of the world. It is no detraction to say that Valparaisos name Vale of Paradise? is not merited. Such a name suggests soft lines, rolling reensward, n meadows, shady paths, noble groves. The beauty of Va: , lparaiso is more austere. Sailing into Valparaiso the voyager enters a wide bay flanked by high capes. On a narrow level strip of ground that borders the curving shore. line is the well built business section of the blty. Behind and above this level portion of Valparaiso bills. tower bluffs and steep semi-ariThese highlands once hemmed in the old. city, but modern Valparaiso has resiburst its bonds. Fine castle-lik- e dences now cling to the slopes of Tnany of the hills or perch upon the edges flovVer-strew- - semi-circul- d of the bluffs. Valparaiso has a population of 230,-00It is by far the most jmportant South American Pacific port, and the annual value of its commerce exceeds that of Montevideo . on the Atlantic coast. While BeunfiS Aires and Montevideo on the east coast have been handicapped by the shallowness of their harbors, Valparaisos difficulties have lain in the opposite direction. Its waters are so deep that the building of breakwaters and jetties was delayed . until 1912. The carrying out of the entire harbor Improvement now under way will cost $15,000,600 or more. In 1906, the year in which San Francisco was destroyed by earthquake and fire, Valparaiso was a'so devastated by the same two forces of destruction. Like San Francisco,. South America's greatest Pacific port city has risen from its crumbled stone and ashes not merely to rehabilitate, itself, but to become even greater and more prosperous. same in practically the Valparaiso is latitude as Buenos Aires, Cape Town, and Sydney, and is about the same distance from the equator in the south as San Francisco, and Charleston, S. C., in the north. Because of South Americas position considerably to the east of. North America, Chiles greatest port is almost due south of New York, and therefore has about the same time. ' Warships are always to be found in the harbor of Valparaiso, for this is one of Chiles chief naval bases. It is also the location of the Chilean naval academy, whose buildings, on a great prdmontory, dominate the harbor. No better view of the city and harbor of Valparaiso can be had thijn that from the parked grounds of tO . fine institution. 0. BIRTHPLACE OF BOARDS OF TRADE AND TRUSTS that the Conquistadores stripped from " He who thinks that vast monopolies the rich continent on which, they had modern enterprises, or that chamare foothold. a Lima, only eight gained miles inland, became the seat of tne bers of commerce are latter day civic fit's t government by which all institutions, or that Prussians vice-rega- l' South America was ruled, and Callao was practically the only gate through which the treasure gathered by the colonial agencies was poured into the lap of the Spanish king. Close to Callao ' often hovered British and Du-cpirates to swoop down on the treasure ships. Callao was the first Pacific port In South America to have completed modern harbor works. A half hour after boarding an elec strove to implant Kultur with a sword in 1914, will be disillusioned if he reads the history of Riga, chief city of Latvia, on the Baltic, through which city such intercourse as has been had with Russia in recent months has largely been carried on. fter-ma- n Riga, which was attacked by troops in 1919, had to wrest itself free from Prussian control once before, and thereby hangs the story of an early exploit li&e the attempted subjugation of Belgium and the deportation of its workers. . About the middle of the twelfth century a few German merchants established settlements about "the mouth of the Dvina, which empties into the Gulf of Riga nine miles below the present city of Riga. Whereupon Bishop AI- -. bert. in tlie role of missionary, sought to colonize tlie territory .In 1201 by building a town where Riga now stands and the following year 7 he founded the Brethren ot tlie Sword,' The new order was well named.. It killed where it could not convert, though slaughter was not the main object after a foo.tliold on the promising Baltic pbrt was obtained. The mis-- , sionaries were satisfied to reduce the native population to - serfdom,- - appropriate tlie land, and build fortified towns and castles to uphold this miniature feudal system in a. land they - - -- aimed to exploit. , 7. But the Livonians are a liberty loving people. They resisted despotism then! and many times' later, just as a yearor so ago they rebelled against When their early oppresBolshevism. sors became too severe they arose and Later drove out 'tlie missionaries. Livonia, and Riga! which became its capital, espoused the Christian religion ; and the Order of the Sword merged with the Teutonic Knights and continued to operate In ofher quarters. Though Prussias political hold was shaken off' Riga, it maintained its economic - ties there, and individual Germans usually have been Important factors . in its commerce; " This phase of German influence was consummated when Riga,, in the thirteenth century, became a member of the Hanseatic league, the first great trust which : for two centuries controfied practically all the trade channels of continental Enrope north of the Alps. The third modern aspect of medieval Riga is to be found in the famous Blackheads. It was this body which soon came to have the civic importance, and apparently many of the functions, of a chamber of commerce or board of trade today. Originally it was organized by the young traders who came to Riga, as a social club, to afford fellowship in addition to the needful board and lodgings during their sojourn.. 'Since the members were mostly young men, progressive, and somewhat assertive, they took their name to distinguish themselves from their elders, or grey beards. - Naturally their table talk turned to ways of promoting- business, and soon the club became, in effect, -- an organization for a Bigger, Better and Busier Riga, as the modefh trade body would phrase it. From the beginning ot the World war Riga was an objective of the Central powers, because of Its importance as a focal point for the lumber from White Bussia and Volhynia, the flax from northwestern Russia, and other products from a wide area with which it has rail and water 'communir cation. Its prosperity is indicated by the growth of its population from 102,000 in 1867 to more than . -- pre-wa- 500,000- - in 1913. KLAGENFURT: A AREA SELF-DETERMIN- The Klagenfurt area, the only region in which a plebiscite was provided for In the treaty between the allies and Austria, has been retained by Austria as a result of the vote which was 'taken several months ago. patch-wor- k of When the crazy-quidiverse peoples that made up the old empire was ripped apart by the treaty of St. Germain and rearranged more nearly in accordance with nationality and language, it was clear that the old Austrian province of Carnlola,- - extending from the Klagenfurt area south almost to Flume, was Slavonic in its population. It was therefore included in the Jugoslav kingdom along with the other obviously Slavonic provinces m the southern part of the old empire: Bosnia, Dalmatia, Herzegovina, Croatia and Slavonia. lt Austro-Hungari- Carinthia, the province adjoining Carnlola on the north and containing the Klagenfurt area, was recognized, on the other hand, to be predominantly Teutonic as a whole. But it was seen that the southeastern section, of the province, the valley of the Drave river about Klagenfurt, had a heavy population of Slovenes. It was felt by the allies that the question whether the Teutons or the Slavs predominated in the region should be definitely determined and that the area should be attached, according to the desires of the majority of the residents, to the Teutonic republic' of Austria or to the Slav kingdom to the south. The region which Austria retains as a result of the plebiscite is roughly almond-shapeapproximately fifty miles in extreme length and twenty-fiv- e miles in extreme breadth, with an area of something more than 600 d less than square miles-sligh- tly that of Delaware. It contains much mountain land but also a portion of the rich Drave valley, one of the most productive parts of Carinthia. One of the most important results of the vote to the Austrians is that they will retain the rich lead mines of Bleiburg, perhaps the most important in all the old territory of Austria-HungarIn the city, of Klagenfurt, with its population of about 25,000, the Austrian republic retains one of Its important centers ' The Klagenfurt region came near being a bone of contention - among three nations instead of two. Its western end almost touches the flaring top of the Italian boot, and during a great part of the World war Its mountain peaks echoed the thunder of the great Italian and Austrian guns on the Isonzo front, a few miles to the southwest. one-thir- y. metal-workin- g tsweswwsweeMiiiiiiimw guess well have to overlook It M Bobs account. Reminding me, exclaimed Murray, Waffle of wbat they are thinking of the stranger who wanted the five o'clock I awoke early, walked breakfast. around the block to get a mouthful of air and .was just thinking of the ROAD CONSTRUCTION IK 1920 old ham-an- d and breakfast when - By BARBARA KERR he feltf his ear, ( And I thought it was Bob looking Distinct Shortage of Labor and Higher Cost of Material Among for the morning paper," laughed Ruth. 1921, by McClure Newepever, Syndicate.) 'j Encountered. . often have waffles for Do you Isnt It' a pity, slgheck Ruth Gen- breakfast? asked Murray.- try to her brother Bob as she took Now and then, admitted Ruth, ' Every kind of road cost about twfeo mental nbte of some new arrivals at but as much to build In 1920 as. ft did in too early for the neighgenerally the rooming house next door, that bors. 1917, according to the chief of the . , these dear old houses Jliat have I love to get up early for waffles bureau of public roads, United States ' like" their days must inevitably, maybe I might, be called over some Department of Agriculture, and highstricken old owners, go into the dis- time our porch is so near, and his way construction suffered more than'' card? I know that the Gentry home any other class of work through railwere, appealing. eyes must shudder when it contemplates road congestion, strikes, Jabor trouBob he about ask thinks what Ill the fact that you and 1 are the only bles, .and material shortages. it, said Ruth.' living things that' keep up , its respecBut she didnt need to, for Murray-askeAfter tlie war there was a great also becoming tability. and prevent It Bob himself, and he asked him public demand for' improved Toads. e a rooming house with noisy rooming-jious- a lot of other things, asked him to Many roads had been seriously dam- -' kids - sliding down its walnut look the Mcllvains and one Mur- aged by war traffic, and it appeared np and gossiping clacking, banisters, and find out if be was that the return of men from military ray especially e women infesting its boarding-hous- and fit to 7 be bis brother-in-law- , service would provide an abundance of sacred precincts. wouldnt lie use his influence with his Pon - Bob laughed. my soul, Ruth, pretty sister? you talk like a man why clacking? 'Bob was delighted, declaring that They are; they have nothing to the only thing against Murray was do; their prying 'eyes follow me from that he was a waffle fiend, but if Ruth cellar to garret till I want to ask them wanted to take the contract of baking to epme over and help to do something the waffles and they would agree to useful, declared Ruth, who had been set in the (gentry up., housekeeping asked three times that day if hers was mansion, hed haVe no objection to a rooming house, she kept house so him as a brother-in-la' strenuously for Bob. Of course Ruth agreed after a reaIts yours for an early breakfast if sonable amount of persuasion to take -y train. Bud- the waffle contract and the Gentry you catch tliaf dy. Better make that page your last house by Murrays agreement was one, and she rumpled his hair lovsaved from becoming.it rooming house. ! ingly as 'she passed bis chair. She arose noiselessly next morning, OLD FRENCH BOTTLE BOOKS hurried into a bungalow apron and nifty cap and went down to prepare Pronounced Favorites With the Bibp-F ' the waffles, her usual treat for- - Bob ' lous Volumes Were Bound That when he was going away for the day. ' A-in Human Skin. They were very devoted, trying to make up to each- other-- for the loneli$SPH&r An article in the Bookman by Walness of the big house since their pater Blumenthal Hart tells of the most rents died. curious books in the world, and among - Sand-Cla- y Road Is .Satisfactory Ruth paused a- momept, thinking It them he classifies the French bottle time to run up and call Bob, but, bearbooks, which were used a century ago labor. The army of laborers which we ing a noise of a moving chair on the to carry more fortifying liquors than expected to apply for the work did porch, she ran out and in the hazy the literary. "Bottle books are as rare not, however, materialize. ' On .the dawn, noting his comfortable pose, his as fish that climb trees, a distinct shortage says Mr. Blu- contrary, there feet on the balustrade, she slipped up menthal. "These curiosities were made of labor, and wages reached the high: Waffles In southern France about a and, nibbling ills ear, said century est levels attained in tlie history of and maple sirup now ready in the dinwere in esteem and held ago, high by the country. In 1917, competent labor ' ing car. judges, advocates and the learn ed gen-tr- y could be secured for from $1.50 to $3 , She darted back, snatching open the generally. The legal profession was per day, but the corresponding wages waffle iron and filing a nice, hot plate, given to carrying its authorities back in 1920 were from $3 to $5 for a shortplaced it .for Bob before he came into and forth under its austere arm. Hence er days work. ' the dining room. these bottle books, which were made of Is proportion to this demand there She was filling the Iron when Bob lustrous decorated dark blue faience, was also a pronounced scarcity of conelentered the kitchen, paused at her in appearance not unlike tooled levant. struction materials. Sand, gravel, bow and in a most peculiar tone The contents were wholly liquid, or stone and cement, and materials asked : May I Inquire who is the partly literary with a fortifying comused in road work increased in waffle flend? partment. Then the bibliophile took a price between 1917 and 1920 from 50 Ruth looked up, trying to fathom nip for his constitution. Now the conto 100 per cent. Naturally, these inhis expression; he gazed at her. Yes, stitution nips the blbulousUibllophlle. creases in cost were reflected in the stows them away like a tramp. Nor are the hook curiosities all so prices paid to- contractors for road The 4inkle of a knife against a glass in redolent of the barroom. Mr. Blumen-tha- l work. Gravel roads increased from the dining room startled her. - She goes on: More than once have $4,535 to $7,250 per mile;, concrete rushed ip ; a nice, mellow voice asked : books been bound in human skin. A frqm $21,165 to upward of $40,000 per Any more of those wonderful waf- Russian poet is said to have presented mile, and brick roads from $33,000 to fles, darling? and a pair of fine browm to the lady of his affections a collection $55,000 per mile.. of his sonnets bound in his own integueyes smiled at her as she leaned weakAs funds available for road conment. The astronomer Flammarion struction are largely limited by statute, ly against the door, while Bob, brishaving admired the exquisite' skin of a or by the returns from taxation, a tling like a terrier, strode forward. What do you mean by speaking to beautiful lady of title whom he mdt at majority of the states this year hgve a reception, she bequeathed it to him. deliberately withheld work, fhe plans my sister Iff that way? Yes, and what do you mean by When she died he received a square of for which had been completed,, until' iff accordance with Instruccoming into our, house in this way?" tissue aj)d, they could obtain a greater return for tions accompanying the legacy, had a their expenditure. demanded the angry Ruth. Ciel et Terre, The young man arose hurriedly to copy of his own work, s . his feet, looking, from one to the oth- bound therein. MORE GOOD ROADS BIG NEED er, as if not sure that he was awake. Never Refused ink. Paper My .waffles are burning, . moaned Not long ago, at the most famous Wilt Increase Growing Popularity of Ruth, dashing to the kitchen. hotel in the United States, the cashier, , and Help Build hurry-r-oh: Automobiles Please what a trag- an Irishman, hesitated about cashing ' exclaimed the unexpected a check Communities. edy ! Up for a newcomer. The guest And waffles the real Ive guest. only indignantly showed his handsomely tasted since my mother died ! To determine the average mileage business card which indiengraved Of course, with the mutinous blue cated that he was the automobile owner covers in a of a bigpresident eyesjff Ruth in the kitchen, the men corporation the North and pleasure trip iu the evening after -soon adjusted everything. Bob saw soundingAmerican the days work is over, an Investiga- comSouth Development bow easy it was for a stranger next or some such flame. Still the tion among .250 owners in a middle pany, door to wander onto the wrong porch Irish cashier hesifhted. he western city of around 300,000 popuat such an hour, as he was to motor tapped the engraved card Smilingly with his in- lation resulted in an average of 38 to a nearby village at daybreak. So dex miles. Sixty-tw- o per cent stated they finger and sagely remarked:. when Ruth returned with another make would never ink. refused trips if the roads longer Paper plate of hot waffles they were so ena deal of philosophy in that. permitted, 85 per cent stated they usu- - n Theres grossed with each other that Bob al- The remark should be remembered by ally made their trips out into the" most forgot to introduce her tilL an ex- all business men who are Too , 'easily 'country. asperated clearing of her throat warn- impressed by a pretentious letterhead, From these figures it is easy to ed him. Both rose promptly. or by a beautifully printed stock cer- qpe that more good roads will inPardon, sis, begged Bob. "This tificate. You can Isay anything you crease the growing popularity of the Is Murray Men vain, brother of an old wish to oh paper and the paper cant automobile, which will In turn help next door. help itself. Fred Kelly in the Nations to build up communities, college mate; relieving Weve been brushing up mutual ac- Business. ' congestion in the crowded cities, crequaintances. ate a iider circulation of money, in' Ruth, her. face a study, looked as if Clever Smuggling Scheme. crease realty values, lower transporshe were not going to acknowledge the Two customs officials were on duty tation costs and introduce America ' introduction, but. Mr. Mcllvain, with the other day on the road from First to more people. . his most Ingratiating 'smiler held out when .their flagging attention I know any one who can was hlthand. g attracted to a young ROAD BOILS DIFFER WIDELY make such waffles as these will not woman approaching their post, achold a grudge against a poor innocent to a from Brussels cording dispatch j whom fate led into an ambush. Be- to a Paris paper. She appeared to be Just What Characteristics Are Which sides I am the injured party think of physically ill at ease. The men drew Make Them Different Puzzle , my lacerated earhear to question her and one of them Highway Engineers. The waffles, she quite inadvertently touched her deRuth blushed. murmured, an excuse to take refuge cidedly opulent er corsage. It was . The federal' highway engineers in the kitchen. When she returned s.he as hard and unyielding as steel. Sureout that soils differ widely in point did not mind the rallying of Bob and ly but no further Investigation disto support loads, particuclosed a breastplate so fashioned as their ability Murray about her biting his ear. You must nave tnougnt it a most to form a receptacle. This receptacle larly when they are wet. Just why this is true and just what are the was full of alcohol.' playful waitress, teased Bob, which make them difcharacteristics Another container, fashioned with WeH, I was a bit stunned, admitferent is little understood' at present. ted Murray, but after seeing and equal skill and artistry, was worn on It is in this field of investigation,' 6f was just going the back: The young woman was tasting those waflies importance because of the Increasing . to ask her to bite the otlie? ear,, when taken to the Arlou Jail, growing volume of heavy traffic, that appeared. you the federal investigators expect to seHow about your train, Buddy? She Hurried Up. cure important information. warned motherly Ruth. Ethel, he whispered, will you Youll excuse me, marry me? Bob sprang Up. ADVANTAGES OF PAVED ROADS I dont knoy, Charlie, she replied Murray; well continue this evening. coyly. j , Maybe theres more batter, sis Give 8hare of. Service - Reluctantly Ruth admitted a little Weil, when you find out, he said, In Safe Providing Highways for one more. Using, "send me word; 'will you?' I Enough fop you and just Motor Traffic. . little quarter for me? pleaded Mur- shall be at Mabel Hicks until 10 v ray ; he wasnt going to be hurried off oclock. Ifi I dont bear from you by Paved are giving an roads am to I ask her. going before he had won a welcome frota then, share of service in providing ; Ruth. . safe, permanent, dependable highways Your taking our house for a roomBeginning of Electrical 8tudy. for heavy motortruck traffic, - The scientific study of ing bouse was almost the unpardonelectricity be- -' railroads of much short haul,relieving lessen-- . able offense, declared Ruth, - smiling gan in the sixteenth century. when certerminal congestion and in these as they leisurely finished- - their waf- tain experiments were shown ' to Ing ways making the handling. and shipfles in spite of the motogfjorn, but I Queen Elizabeth, ment of supplies much easier. proved ROADS Murray, the Fiend Difft-cutti- . seen-'bette- ' five-thirt- - vs . y . ' '. - - . hea-rooml- ng . . Eis-che- n good-lookin- , . - 1 . . g ' ' l |