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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH President Is Studying Wheat Situation will Include to that President serious WASHINGTON. agricultural situation and is seeking to extend relief to the farmers. The President had one suggestion, which Secretary of Agriculture Wallace also has been considering as emergency relief to wheat fanners and that Is for them to turn some of their wheat lands over to the other crops, particularly to flax and sugar, which the United States imports to great quantities. President Coolldge let it be known that he thought such a shift would be Mse In view of the slump in the wheat market and the fact that Europe has a large wheat production and will Import 200,000,000 bushels less than in previous years. The Agriculture department heads are studying the situation with a view to suggesting to the wheat farmers how to use their land to the best advantage. While the President and his advisers will give serious consideration to emergency relief, they are more deeply Interested In a policy which will restore agriculture on "sound economic lines, and it seems unlikely that the giving administration formulation of such a policy many suggestions for legislation which have been advocated as panaceas for the farmers Ills. President Coolldge authorized the announcement that regional confer-ence-s would be arranged to agricultural sections to order that the needs of different groups of farmers might be separately considered. It has been made known that the administration does not favor price fixing legislation or proposals for the establishment of government corporations to buy and sell wheat. Many suggestions are being made to the President. For example, a delegation of a dozen farmers and bankers from the Minneapolis federal reserve district urged that a special session of congress be called to enact legislation for relief of wheat growers through revival of the United States Grain corporation. The delegation further asked that a reduction to freight rates on wheat and flour be made. At th Presidents request Secretaries Wallace and Hoover and Managing Director Meyer of the War Finance corporation attended the conference. Uncle Sam Always Seeking New Foods miter sills. The minimum depth of the pools formed by the dams will be nine feet, which la the available depth for navigation In the Mississippi from Cairo to New Orleans. The Lockport lock the picture fives an Idea of Its size as reckoned In skyscrapers will have the highest lift of any lock of Its size to the world 41 feet. This will enable boats to get from the Desplaines river Into the Chicago Sanitary district channel which affords a navigable channel of 21 feet Into Chicago an Important link In the Imstretch of provement by the state of the the Desplaines and Illinois rivers from Lockport to Utica and considered the most valuable potential artery of transportation for Its length In the world. These locks will permit transportation to fleets, without breaking bulk, from New Orleans to Chicago, of 9,000 tons cargo capacity, which Is eqnal to 13 average trainloads In 1920. The waterway, When completed will have an annual tonnage capacity of more than sixty million. The cost of d haul by water Is about the railroad rate of 192L freight " The fall from Chicago to Utica Is 140 feet. This will afford a power development at each of the dams totaling 75,000 horsepower. This, It Is estimated, should net the state an annual Income of e' By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN LLINOIS Is making progress to the work on the Illinois Water- ways Under Instructions from Governor Small, Col. C. R. Miller, director of the department of public works and buildings, has- - received bids for the construction of another lock, the second of five to be constructed between Lockport and Utica. This lock Is to be built at Lock-poand will connect the channel of the Chicago Sanitary district with the river at that. point. Bids were also received at the same time for furnishing and erecting the steel gates for this lock and for the lock at Marseilles. The Marseilles lock, begun November 20. 1920. Is now ready for the steel gates and operating machinery. The contract bid price was $1,375,115 at the peak of war prices, but William L. Sackett, superintendent of the division of waterways, reports that It has been completed for $100,000 less than the contract price. Bids received last February for the Starved Rock lock and dam were substantially below the state's estimate of cost for that work. These figures, Superintendent Sackett points out, show that the Illinois Waterway can be completed well within the $20,000,000 bond Issue authorized by the state. DeSotos bones lie In the bed of tbe Mississippi river. Radlssons are who knows? Joliet's are In Canada. Marquettes are at St. Ignace, Mich. LaSalles are In Texas. Suppose one could wake these famous explorers from tbe dead and take them from the Great Lakes to the Gulf through Chicago and Its drainage canal, down the Illinois and Michigan canal and the Illinois river to the Mississippi and down the Mississippi to New Orleans. Just imagine what they would feel and say For DeSoto saw the. Lower Mississippi to 1541. Radisson was on the Upper Mississippi about 1655. LaSalle may or may not have crossed the Chicago portage ns early as 1670, but he certainly Id 1682 built Fort Crevecoeur at Peoria. Then, descending the Illinois and the Mississippi to the Gulf, he took possession of the region in the name of France and named it Louisiana, after Louis XIV. Joliet and Marquette, In 1673, went by canoe from Mackinac to the mouth of the Arkansas by way of Green Bay and the Wisconsin.- They returned by way of the Illinois and the Chicago portage. And Marquette spent the winter of 1674-- 5 In a hut on the site of Chicago. DeSoto, after the failure of his expedition for conquest, was bent on escaping from the wilder-- , ness by marching across the continent. Radisson, out of whose explorations came the Hudsons Bay company, was looking for furs. Marquette was a Jesuit priest engaged in religious work. But LaSalle and Joliet were empire builders and they saw in the Chicago portage the key to water transportation from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico through the heart of the New World of North America. They said a few men with shovels on the Chicago portage could unite the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico and they may be pardoned the exaggeration; for in season of flood it was usual to travel by canoe over the Chicago portage. They had the vision to see the full meaning of this uniting of the waters at the Chicago portage between the Chicago river and the Desplaines. Hard upon the heels of these great Frenchmen s who had like visions. came a race of Could the explorers now revisit the Mississippi valley they would stand aghast at what has already1 been accomplished along the line of their vision.' They would marvel ut the slowness of these latter days. They would be puzzled by complications. with ramifications seemingly without limit. They would see Chicago of 1923 the third city of the world; the second city of the wealthiest and most powerful nation of earth ; the first city of the heart of that nation, the Mississippi valley. oaek-warThey would see the Chicago river turned and flowing Into the Illinois, furnishing san itation and electric power but not yet a channel for commerce. They would see New Orleans with Its slogan, The second port of the United States and Its $20,000,000 new harbor. They would see the Great Lakes teeming with commerce, but not yet with a path to the sea; the Mississippi with Its barges but not yet a path to the Great Lakes. They would see the East and the West at variance over the Great Lakes-St- . Lawrence route to the sea. They would see Illinois and some of her neighbor states at variance over the Great Lakes-Gul- f route via the Illinois Waterway. . They would see to Illinois Itself legal complications which threaten further delay. But they would see, looking with the eyes of within the space of ten the 1923 nation-builderyears one great path leading to the Atlantic and Europe and another great path to the Gulf leading to the Panama canal and South America. Doubtless this vision will be fulfilled. What was done at the Soo can be done at Lacblne ; the channeling of the St. Clair flats can be repeated to tbe mudbanks of tbe Illinois. The Illinois river, which flows Into the Mississippi above Alton, Is connected with Chicago and tbe Great Lakes by the Illinois and Michigan canal, which begins at LaSalle. This canal was completed and opened In 1848. It contributed largely to the Initial growth of Chicago and aided to the development of northern Illinois. Until 1887, when the railroads were able to haul greater tonnage and the state was unable, because of the restrictions in the constitution of 1870, to enlarge it to greater capacity, It carried a commerce that paid. Its right of way Is stated to be now worth rt Des-plain- 1 0. twenty-milllon-doll- nation-builder- d It was the necessity of a more adequate channel of navigation and water transportation from Chicago to tbe Gulf that impelled tbe people of Ilbond linois to vote In 1908 the Issue for the purpose. Power development was an important factor In the final selection of the river route as against an attempt to enlarge the canal. Following the bond Issue authorization In 1908 all efforts to get action In the legislature were blocked by differences of opinion and political jealousies. In 1915 the legislature agreed on a bill incorporating a plan for the work, which became a law. It provided for locks of a minimum width of 55 feet and a length of 250 feet The chief of engineers of the War department refused to approve the plan on the ground the size of locks was but little Improvement on the old canal and that a water power scheme was paramount. This refusal resulted In a delay of four years more. In 1916 Superintendent Sackett had a conference with Gen. William M. Black, then chief of engineers, and succeeded In working out an agreement with him. This was incorporated in the law of 1919 passed by the Fifty-firs- t general Plans for the work by M. G. Barnes, assembly. chief engineer, who had been in government service in connection with the construction of the PaDama canal, gained approval of the chief of engineers of the War department and secretary of war in March, 1920, after five years of. effort following the first enaetjnent by the general assembly. The plan approved provides for the improvement of the Desplaines river from Lockport to its mouth eight miles west of Joliet at Its confluence with rhe Kankakee river, the two forming the Illinois river, and of the Illinois river from that point to Utica where the present navigable water of the river Is This will be done by construction of reached. four dams creating navigable pools and live locks, compared with fifteen locks in the old Illluois and Michigan canal. The locks will be the same width as the locks of the Panama canal, 110 feet, s the length of the but 600 feet long, or locks of the Panama canal. These locks, are tbot two city clocks In length and nearly half a block to width They will have a depth of 14 feet over 1 , two-third- one-thir- $1,500,000. With the completion of tylcago will be 400 miles the Illinois Waterway nearer to New Orleans than is Pittsburgh and there will be five locks on the Illinois Waterway route as against fifty-foon the Ohio river route. Chicago will have a 7,000-mll- e route to San Francisco with one barge-to-shl- p transfer at New Orleans a saving of over $1,000 per car between Chicago and Pacific coast ports. In 1922 it was planned to proceed with the construction of the Starved Pock lock and dam, for which plans were ready. The site for the lock had to be acquired. Because of complications to title the attorney generals office held It would be necessary to acquire this land by condemnation proceedings. Tbe decision of the county court of LaSalle county in this case was adverse to the state. That work may not be entirely suspended pending the decision of tbe state supreme court, where the LaSalle county casa Is on appeal. Governor Small has authorized the construction the Lockport lock. Several questions have been raised to the LaSalle county case which threaten years of delay to actual construction. If It would be possible to construct the waterway at all. It is contended : That complete detailed plans, not only for construction of the waterway, but for all water power plants and appurtenances must be prepared and submitted to the court. That the court must pass on the sufficiency of these plans and determine if the waterway and power plants can be built according to the plans for $20,000,000. That detailed plans must be submitted to all the cities and villages along the route of the waterway and must be approved by them. That all this must be done before tbe state has any right to bring condemnation suits to acquire land for any part of the construction of the waterway at any point. Chief Engineer Barnes contends for the state that it Is physically Impossible to prepare detailed plans for the waterway and water power and apr purtenances to advance of any construction. T! d waterway construction for navigation must first the locks and dams. Following that will proceed come details of water power and other appurtenant construction. The rights of the cities, contends the state, Is limited to cases where public prop erty is affected by construction. Another complication Is this : The statfe of Wisconsin. in an original Injunction suit filed in the United States Supreme court, contends the Chicago Sanitary district is unlawfully diverting water from Lake Michigan to facilitate sewage disposal and that this diversion has lowered the lake level six inches, impairing navigation facilities and inflicting an annual loss to lake commerce ot from would yon think of a that may be used soup, stuffed, stewed fried, made Into fritters, baked or lyonqalsed, and that is s delectable salad when served with either French or mayonnaise dressing? Moreover, It Is a vegetable that, although shipped as early as October, Its keeping qualities make it seasonable as late as March. Such Is the chayote, known in New Orleans among the Creoles as rnlrtl-toIt has been brought Into this country from Mexico and the West Indies, and already Is fairly familiar to people throughout the South, and Is finding its way to northern and western markets. It Is Ipit one of the numerous new foods that the government Is constantly introducing to the people of the United States. Among his many and varied activities, Uncle Sam sends out agricultural explorers into the far and near comers of tbe earth to search for fruits and vegetables that he may Introduce to his home folks. Anything that the people of other countries find palatable and valuable WHAT n. Coolidge Is for Railroad Consolidation President Is convinced that of tbe railroad lies to consolidation of the transportation companies of the country into a limited number of regional systems. The Presidents conviction has been that he will express himself on the subject to his first message to congress in December. The President, it Is declared, believes to the consolidated plan as a cure for railroad Ills, first, because It will make possible material reductions to commodity rates, a reduction which he regards as necessary. He believes, further, that consolidation will assure security holders a fair return and promise greater efficiency in transportation. Tbe convictions of the President became known following a ' conference with Nathan Amster, president of the City National Railroad league of Boston. The President and Mr. Amster are old friends. According to information obtained after the conference, the President outlined for the first time his attitude toward railroad mergers under the terms of the transportation act He did not, however, make known whether he believed congress should amend the Cummlns-Escact to make consolidations compulsory. THE h In the Presidents judgment the most Important phase of the transportation problem is freight rates. Agriculture, he believes, is strangled to a degree by the excessive cost of transportation. In his opinion the same is true of other products known as commodities. Tbe President, it declared, has convinced that the railroads cannot put horizontal rate reductions into effect without losses which they cannot stand. This seems to be true particularly of those lines engaged to moving heavy grain products from the field to market and to export centers. Also the President is convinced. It is added, that the only means be knows of assuring the Investor In- railroad stocks and bonds a fair and continuous return Is so to group the lines as to cut down operation expenses, overhead, and other outlays incident to ths existing system. All this, it Is said, has placed President Coolldge squarely on the side of railway consolidations In principle. How he will go about putting his policy Into concrete form remains to bs determined. He will talk with Senator Cummins and other congressional leaders, It Is learned. become Babies in Backwoods Georgia County y Twentieth-centur- facing pioneer life, are described in a report on Maternity and Infant Care in a Mountain County In Georgia, made public by the United States Department of Labor through the childrens bureau. The Georgia county surveyed by the exbureau lies In the southern-mos- t tension of the Blue, Ridge mountain belt Its people are American by birth and descent. Because of the mountainous character of the district and the lack of good roads, their homes are isolated and often almost $750,000 to $1,000,000. inaccessible, and they have not shared The sanitary district officials, challenging these In the development of the rest of their of hut fact as rhcm matters granting allegations state and nation. Some homes visited offer to me meet tor the sake of prompt action, could not be reached even by wagon objections upon which they are based by building, and had to be sought out by trail over at a cost of $2,500,000 and ut the expense of mountains and through streams. A works or tin dams floating t compensating St. Clair, the Niagara, and the St. Lawrence riv- few mothers and fathers were visited ers. The sanitary district represents the invest- who had not been to nearby villages ment of $120,000,000. It was created in 1SS9 and in years; some had never iseen a the drainage and ship canal connecting the Chi train. . The county had almost no public cago and Desplaines rivers was finished to 1900. In the meantime Illinois and Indiana aided ana health resources. It contained no hosabetted by the War department, are getting ready pital ; none of the nearby Georgia for the completion of the Illinois Waterway. Elabcounties had hospitals. There, were orate plnns are well under way for harbors on mly seven physicians in the county Lake Michigan at the state line affording reship- md the difficulties of travel made it ping facilities for Great Lakes to Gulf traffic. ften impossible for the mountain tother to secure any ohvalclan. Some Clii-cag- j, is seized upon with the Idea that It may be shipped into the United States, or possibly grown here to the end that we may have a variety as well as an abundance of food, that the cost of living may be reduced, and that broad acres of our soil now unproductive may be tilled with profit The bur artichoke has long been imported from southern Europe, and la no novelty to those who are able to have what they want when they want It, but It Is now rapidly becoming available to those of modest expenditures as It is grown In California and In the South. It is good creamed, stuffed, made into soup, as a salad, used as an omelet filling or combined with scrambled eggs. From the tropics, where it Is the principal food staple of millions of people, there has been brought to ns a rival of the white potato the dasheen. In appearance it resembles both the potato and the sugar beet, and Its food value is obvious when It Is known that It contains half as much protein and starch as the white times a sick mother or child had to be carried over miles of rough road to reach the nearest doctor. Mothers and babies suffered from the lack of medical help. Elghty-sl- x per cent of the mothers who were questioned went through the period of pregnancy without any medical aid whatever. The others received totally s were atInadequate care. tended by physicians at childbirth, but in a number of cases the doctor did not arrive until after the baby was born. Seventy-seve- n per cent of the mothers who were attended . by physicians were not visited at all after the birth of the baby. No physician was reported in attendance at s the deaths of more than of the babies In the group studied who died in their first year. Few mothers knew the best way to feed and care for children, not only because they lacked medical advice, but also because many of them could not read or write.. Practically all mothers nursed their babies, but som babies received solid' food even during the first month. Buttermilk, sweetened coffee, sirup, butter, eggs, cornbread, meat, potatoes and other vegetables were among the foods Some of given In tbe first month. the foods given before the sixth month Included sausage, pickled beans and chocolate car.dv. Two-third- two-third- |