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Show I t THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH j Profitable Feed for Farm Stock Some Ways of Using Big Sweet Potatoes Methods for Converting Secretary Pugsley Sees Way Them Into Useful Products. for Two Classes of Farm(Prepared by the United State Department of Agriculture.) ers to Help Each Other. (Prepared b thi United State j of Agriculture.) Department t Distress calls have been coming to the United States Department of Agriculture from two large classes of farmers from the wheat growers, who dnd their market extremely bad, and from live stock feeders In the corn belt proper who have used up the com In their own neighborhoods and are finding difficulty getting It at a reasonable price from outside. In view of these facts says acting Secretary of Agriculture C. W. Pugsley, these two classes may find it possible to assist each other. He calls attention to the fact that wheat is a good feed for live stock and that when certain ratios exist between the prices of com and wheat the latter can be fed with as good results as are obtained by feeding com If proper methods are followed. Supply of Corn Low. The visible supply of com on the first of July of this year was extremely low. In fact the lowest In more than ten years, and compared with the same time in 1922 the supply Is very short Indeed. Department figures show that on July first the visible supply of com was 3,167,000 bushels, compared with 29,337,000 last year. The average visible supply on that date from 1915 was 8,500,000 to 1921, Inclusive, bushels, and for the period from 1910 to 1914 was just about 8,000,000 bushels. There is a possibility that In many places wheat may now be fed to stock, particularly the lower grades which have about the same farm feeding value as the better grades. However, It should be remembered that more labor Is necessary In feeding wheat than in feeding carp because of the advisability of grinding or crushing it The bureau of animal Industry has studied the relative values of wheat and com and the methods of feeding wheat to the different domestic animals. Price ratios have been determined so the farmer may make up his mind from this Information when the relation of prices of these two grains makes It comparatively profitable to feed wheat to stock. Thus, for example, It Is figured that when com Is 75 cents a bushel on the farm, 80 cent wheat can be fed profitably to all animals Including poultry; 84 cent wheat to cattle and hogs but not for sheep and poultry ; while 92 cent wheat Is profitable for beef cattle only. However, It must be kept In mind that the cost of grinding or crashing has not been considered. A table showing the relative prices at which wheat can be used as feed has been prepared covering the entire range of prices at which these grains are likely to sell In the near future. It Is as follows : Methods of using oversized sweet potatoes, or Jumbo sweet potatoes, which are produced in large number when the growing season has been unusually good constitute one of the problems with which the United States Department of Agriculture Is concerned. The small or standard market sizes of sweet potatoes, U. S. grade No. 1 and U. S. grade No. 2, find more ready sale because they are suitable for storing, canning, and shipping to distant markets. When good growing conditions prevail up to harvest time, oftentimes as much as 40 per cent of the crop Is composed of overgrown potatoes, and the development of profitable methods for converting them Into useful products Is therefore of great Importance. Sweet potatoes rank second In Importance of all vegetables grown in the United States and are richer In carbohydrates, especially starch, than any other vegetable commonly grown. For this reason they are a possible source of many products containing or derived from starch, such as potato flour, dehydrated potatoes, starch, sirup, alcohol, vinegar, breakfast foods, and various kinds of feeds. All of these products have been prepared but at Inpresent no sweet-potat- o dustry on a commercial scale exists in this country. A method for the commercial manufacture of sweet-potat- o simp, based on laboratory and plant experimental work, has been developed by the bureau of chemistry of the United States Department of . Agriculture. While this work has shown that the use of this simp is limited by Its cost of manufacture as compared with that of other commonly used sirups. In any emergency, when the price of sugar and simp Is greatly Increased, It might be possible to manufacture this simp profitably- and to the benefit of American agriculture. If a method for mannfacturing It more cheaply could be devised the simp from sweet potatoes has distinct commercial possibilities. Wisconsin Herd of Cows Make Profit for Owner A return of $2.41 for each dollars worth of feed consumed Is what a Wisconsin herd of 11 grade and pure bred Holstein cows made for its owner, William H. Jaehnlg of Fredonia, according to A. J. Cramer of the Wisconsin College of Agriculture. In one year this herd produced an average of 14,248 pounds of milk, containing 504.3 pounds of butterfat, equivalent to 630.4 pounds of butter. This production netted a profit of $1,671.23 over cost of feed, or an average of $153.93 for each cow In the herd. The average production of this herd was the highest of the 4,090 herds Corn price, per bushel (66 pounds of shelled made up of over 69,000 cows In Wiscorn) and equivalent wheat prices per g associations. ', bushel (60 pounds) based oa their relative consins 151 feeding value for several kinds of farm Mr. Jaehnlg attributes his success to ' anim&ls. the experiences he has gained In cowKind of stock: testing association work and to the Influence of good pure bred Holstein cow-testin- bulls. The herd was milked three times a day for four winter months and twice dally during the rest of the year. Very little grain was fed during the summer as most of the cows freshened In the fall and early winter and were not, therefore, producing heavily durThe grain ing the summer months. g ration used throughout the season consisted of the following mixture: 300 pounds of com and cob Based on digestible nutrients, wheat meal, 200 pounds of ground oats, 200 and corn are practically equal pound pounds of wheat bran, 100 pounds of for pound, according to officials of the gluten feed and 100 pounds of oil meal. department But com and corn products alone make a better feed for cat- Silage Is Ideal Ration tle than wheat end wheat products for Cows During Winter alone. It Is pointed out, too, that It is not necessary to grind corn as a While it Is not practical - to send hog feed, while wheat should be coarse- the cows sonth for the winter, a very ly ground or crushed. Wheat accord- close substitute for such a trip is ing to experiments made in Nebraska, found In com silage. Every farmer has proved 5 per cent more efficient knows that green grass is the ideal than corn for fattening steers when ration. Silage closely resembles grass fed with alfalfa hay, a little prairie In that It Is succulent or juicy and hay, and straw, bran, and linseed meal. mns high !i food nutrients, especially Wheat Is Good Feed. carbohydrates. Cows getting good silage are better With wheat at its present price, It Is declared to be a desirable feed for off, in fact, than those on poor grass. poultry, both as a whole grain In Their coats are glossy and their genscratch mixtures and in ground form eral appearance Is that of cows on mixed with mash. Fed alone, however, luxuriant grass. An additional advantage In feeding It does not give' the best results, but should be mixed with com. Wheat silage has been found. Milk from cows Is richer In vltamlne C may take the place of corn In rations for dairy cows. It is figured that a than from cows on dry feed. Silo bushel of wheat Is about equal in feed- filling time is soon here. The man a herd of cows to feed ing value to a bushel of corn, so that who will havecannot afford to have a In cases where the farm value of com next winter slid'' stand of wheat empty. less than that Is only slightly and where the farmer has surplus wheat but does not have com It may pay Minerals Necessary for him to feed wheat, since he will save Milk Found in Legumes haulage. Wheat for horses should be That clover, alfalfa, and soy bean ground or preferably rolled, and must be mixed with other feeds because of hays are probably the best source of its sticky qualities which are brought the minerals necessary for milk proabout In mastication, and also be- duction was proven by recent tests at cause, If fed alone, it may cause diges- the Ohio station. These legume hays contain more of tive troubles. On the practicability of using wheat the essential minerals than other feeds as a hog feed, the department says and the cows In the experiments that 8 per cent less grain Is required seemed to be able to assimilate these In the case of wheat, but that with .minerals better than those fed as com at' 70 cents a bushel and wheat supplements In the form of bone meal at 79 cents gains can be made with etc. These experiments also Indicate com and ( tankage at 12 to 15 cents less per hundred pounds than with that the way in .which hay is cured wheat and tankage. In a general nas an Influence on the availability of way, It Is held that the farmer might the minerals which it contains, and be advised to feed wheat or com ac- that hay cured without heavy dews or cording to whichever can be fed at rain or without long exposure to the sun Is the most nutritious. the least cost per pound. bam-feed-In- -- , Contagious Roup Cause of Heavy Poultry Loss by the Unlt.1 State Department ot Agriculture.) (Tnpinr With the approach of fall and wet, weather, contagious roup, say members of Iowa State college, is one of the most dangerous diseases that threaten flocks. It causes a heavy loss not only from a high death rate but also from the fact that it Interferes with egg production and causes loss of vitality In breeding. Contagious roup is easy to Identify, It starts with a thin watery discharge from the nose and eyes, which has an offensive odor. Inflammation sets In, the birds begin ta cough and sneeze, breathing becomes noisy and they frequently breathe through their mouths. The secretions from the nose and eyes change to a yellowish cheese-lik- e cold ( I Q Pyramid Temple of'Chichen Itza. (Prepared by the National Oeosraphlo Society, Washington, D. C.) Archeology, modem transportation toric times and Its fiber was used In local plantation and village Industries. But there was no outside market of considerable magnitude for the fiber until the increasing use of harvesting machinery In the United States created a demand for large quantities of binder twine. Once a Feudal State. Before what may be called the henequen era" In Yucatan a traveler In the country might have imagined with a few concessions to race and climate that he was In the heart of Europes old feudalism. Some' of the principal land owners had truly baronial estates through which one could travel for days. On the most extensive estates were scattered half a dozen or haciendas more great stone castle-Uk- e In the care of major domos. In these sumptuous dwellings members of the owners family might not spend a night a year, for they lived for the most part In state In the capital, Merida, or spent their time traveling In Europe or the United States. In those days cattle raising was the chief Industry in Yucatan and prosperity never reached below the few members of the propertied class. Climate and physical conditions gave Yucatan Its feudalism. The surface of the country consists of only the thinnest of soil, and underneath Is porous limestone. The climate Is dry and hot half the year, but there Is a reasonable amount of rainfall' during the other six Yucatan Is one of the few months. areas In which there Is an appreciable rainfall, but no streams or even stream beds. As fast as the rain falls dnring the rainy season It seeps through the thin soil and soaks Into the limestone. The lack of surface water, and the fact that hardly any food crops can be grown on much of Yucatans poor soil, made It practically impossible for the peons to exist except under the wings of the great landholders. The latter constructed capacious reservoirs at their haciendas, in which enough water was stored during the , rainy season to supply all their retainers through the six months dry period. The situation was helped out, too, by the cenotes, the unique water holes of Yucatan, apparently formed by a falling In of the roofs of lakes. In most cases natural reservoirs were owned by the landed proprietors. Laborers Now in' Control. Toward the close of the Nineteenth century henequen production shouldered out cattle production from the place of first importance, and befpre many years the fiber dominated the life of the country. The old feudal system remained largely unchanged, however, and the landowners became extremely wealthy. But some of the prosperity Inevitably filtered down to a growing middle class, and even to the plantation laborers, and soon Yucatan gave Indications of a political turbulence unknown In the older feudal days. When the World war came prosperity reached Its peak In Yucatan, with henequen fiber selling for as much afe 19 cents a pound. The few landowners were no longer able to dominate the state government and the laborers and their friends, who gained control, reshaped the entire scheme of things. Wages of workers were fixed by legislation at $5.25 to $24 (in United States money) for each eight hours. After the armistice the price of henequen fell sharply, and by 1921 It had fallen to 4 cents, and In 1922 it reached its lowest point, 3V4 cents. They wage laws remained unchanged and many of the plantations, carefully tended for years, were abandoned to wild growth. The country then experienced what was probably its greatest economic crisis. Henequen production was greatly reduced and conditions have Improved somewhat with the fiber now at 4 cents a pound. Yucatan Is the thumb, which, with the finger of Florida, almost encloses the Gulf of Mexico. It is for the most ' ' part a flat plain, its highest hills being cialism. , In only hundreds of feet. II Henequen. which Is a sort of cactus measured of the first lands to which the one is the or the not unlike century plant world-faringulf stroam gives It pulque cactus- In appearance, had been grown in Yucatan since prehis warm! U. and radical government experiments have been made bedfellows by the opening of a new automobile road by the socialist government of the state of Yucatan, Mexico, leading from Merida, the capital, to the wonderful mins of Chlchen Itza, which might be termed Americas Thebes. One of the worlds most interesting remains of our ancient civilization is thus made accessible to students and tourists as to a radical governments a plan to make work for laborers during an economic depression by pushing road construction. In the hot, rather dry Yucatan peninsula, which today is little visited by outsiders, civilization reached its highest point on the Nofth American continent In the years before the coming of Europeans. After the finding of savages by Columbus and his immediate followers, both on the West Indian islands and on parts of the mainland, the discovery a little later In Yucatan of structures built of stone, and built well, and of artistic carvings, came as a great Surprise to the Spaniards. While some of the structures were In use at the time of the Spanish conquest, a number of once great cities had been abandoned and swallowed np by the Jungle. Some mysterious fate had overtaken this people, the Mayas, and only a somewhat degenerate remnant was clinging to the works of their more Illustrious ancestors. The wholly new regime resulted In the final extinguishment of their culture. Temples and palaces, prisons, convents, arenas for games, astronomical observatories and monuments, all accurately built of masonry and decorated with artistic carvings and hieroglyphics, are some of the sign posts pointing to the achievements of the Mayas and their development of culture. Archeologists state that at the time of their mysterious decline they were at the threshold of a true civilization. Indeed, In some ways they had surpassed In Intellectual achievements the civilization of the Egyptians and the Babylonians. Their Writing and Architecture. In their system of writing, the Mayas had reached a most Interesting point, found among no other existing people in the world, the transition point between picture writing, which the Chinese have never passed beyond, and phonetic writing by means of an alphabet such as that we use. The architectural types of the Mayas and their decorative designs have features so similar to some of those of the old world that the earlier students of the American ruined cities believed that their builders had been influenced by Egyptians, Babylonians or Hindus. The types of arches and certain sculptured designs were compared especially to those found In the great Hindu In Java. It Is temple of Boro-Budthe more general opinion now, however, that the works of the Mayas were the result of a culture bom on this continent and ' acquired by this people In their toilsome way upward from savagery and through barbarism. The story of Yucatan In recent times Is the story of henequen fiber. Offhand, that doesnt seem to affect the average American to any great extent. But It does affect him every time he buys a loaf of bread. The story might be framed like that of the house that Jack built. Henequln means reasonably cheap and plentiful binder twine ; binder twine makes possible the use of harvesting machines ; harvesters cheapen grain production; cheap grain means cheap bread; and so henequln, and arid Yucatan, play important parts In feeding America and the world. The, other side of the story the rapid development of the henequen Industry and the pouring of wealth into Yucatan chiefly from the grain belt of North America undoubtedly played penIts part in swinging the dulum from extreme feudalism to soical g mass. Roup can easily be prevented by avoiding damp, poorly ventilated, overcrowded quarters. To cure a sick bird, place place it in a dry, away from the other birds and give It plenty of fresh water and feed. Every morning and evening remove all the cheesy matter from the eyes and nostrils and dip the birds head Into a of mercury solution of bichloride This Is made by placing one 7.3 mercury bichloride tablet In a pint of water. Hold the bird firmly and Immerse the head until the eyes are covered, keeping it there a few seconds Speed. Judge Where wuz you when threw the lamp speak up I where wuz you? Witness Soy, Judge, how do know where Ah wuz when Ah goln? Life. she say, Ah wuz Hairs Catarrh Medicine rid your system of Catarrh or Deafhen caused by Catarrh. Sold by druggist! fot mr 40 yon F. J. CHENEY & CO Toledo, Ohle or until Itstraggles. Poultry Manure Is Most Valuable as Fertilizer Poultry manure contains fertilizing constituents which would cost 20 to 25 cents as commercial fertilizers. The average night droppings of a hen are 30 to 40 pounds annually. A flock of 100 hens at this rate would produce $20 to $25 worth per year. To prevent loss of the fertilizing constituents, sifted coal ashes may be used on the dropping boards as an absorbent Wood ashes or lime should not be mixed with the manure, As poultry manure Is particularly adapted to gardening, poultry raisers can often dispose of It at a good price. Such management will add a little to the profits from the flock. j Harmful Feather-Pullin- g in Any Chicken Flock destroys a flock. cock begins to look as If he were picked on the neck and breast yon may then begin to watch for the hen that Is doing the mischief; and she should be removed at once, as she will teach the habit to others if she remains with the floclc Feather-pullinIs a vice that comes from confinement and idleness. There Is no remedy for it, bnt it may be prevented by so feeding the fowls that they will be compelled to scratch. They should be fed meat and plenty of grass, and a little salt. In their food. Feather-pullin- When g a g bone-mea- l, Fowls Lay Majority of Eggs During First Year Hens lay the majorityof eggs dnring their first two laying seasons, and especially during their pullet year, if they are early hatched. If a hen lays well dnring her pullet year she should be kept for another year as a breeder. If she lays well during her second year she should be kept for another year as a breeder. The older she Is and the more culling she survives the better, for then she has proved that she has the vitality to stand up under laying, and consequently Is vain-abl- e as a breeder. Overcrowding of Fowls Cause of Many Failures Canadian City Leads in Telephones. The city of Calgary, Alberta, with about 65,000 Inhabitants, Is said to( have more telephones In proportion to population than any other community on the American continent. ( The Cutleura Toilet Trio. Having cleared your skin keep it clear by making Cutleura yonr everyday toilet preparations. The Soap to cleanse and purify, the Ointment to soothe and heal, the Talcum to powder and perNo toilet table is complete fume. without them. Advertisement Suspicious. He was sober hadnt drunk a drop. It was 4 a. m. He struck the keyhole at the first attempt and entered. All was quiet He put his hat and coat on the hall rack and was about to take off .his shoes before going upstairs when an old familiar voice sounded gratingly on his ear. Is that you, Jack? Yes, Nell. Then he began: ' Its three minutes after four. I did not let the cat follow me. Ive Just returned from one of our conferences: The gas Is turned down low.- The doors are all locked; the windows fastened. I paid the taxes this afternoon. Marys babies got the measles. That Isnt our dog barking. And when he tumbled Into bed Nell looked at him out of sleepy eyes and said: t Jack, youve been drinking. Houston Post - Dangerous Suggestion. Father, do you know that every winter an animal puts on a new Boy fur coat? Father Hush! Not so loudl Your Overcrowding of poultry is one of mothers in the next room I the most common reasons why success Is not had. The temptation to carry a All Arranged. few extra fowls, over and above the Its such a bother deciding about capacity of the buildings and equip- holidays." ment, and thereby "Increase the It doesnt bother me. The boss tells profit, is one of the commonest stumme when to go and the wife tells me bling blocks to actual success. When where." London Opinion. this lesson Is learned (sometimes It Is a bitter lesson) then real profit Is On Your Gqard. more likely to be had. When you say a man is it means that you have got to lobk out for his prejudices. Monuments to military heroes are unknown in China. Vigorous chicks come from eggs laid by hens of good breeding and vitality. Dont throw or bury dead fowls where there is a possibility of others of the flock having a chance to eat the diseased meat Bum them. , Poultry will pay for a lot of milk. Where milk is fed to hens and chicks freely, there Is no need to furnish any mashes. meat scraps or meat-meal a When you discover that there is something wrong with some of the fowls dont stop your investigations until you have discovered the trouble. Gapes do not usually trouble turkeys as much as chickens, but turkeys sometimes pick up the gape worms from ranging on soli which has become infected from chicken raising. (Jin dbcfi) 'V' 1' e w llKsP lv,v, 1 tp 4 iTtoam 'finite Qliatftu '! iknwiF fc dMIWEmi |