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Show THE DAILY HERALD SIXTH SECTION SIXTH SECTION THE HERALD NOW GOES TO ALL FORMER SUBSCRIBERS TO THE PROVO POST i'i THE PROVO HERALDSTEEL DAY EDITION. rvrur 'reacted on tht oil of the paint and rial, from the fine grained finish various creosote compound that formed soap which was soluble in plaster to the coarse, impure variety are coal Indusof the a kuown land plaster, which is a water. try. She cleaned her other rooms then valuable fertiliser. Chemlntry Is useful also in the The manufacture of bricks from remembered that her laundry had manufacture of woolen goods. By not come back and her children the various porous clays of Utah is the use of the aniline dye, which needed some clean clothes. She also destined to become an impor- ure the moHt I satisfactory dyes for By EDNA JOHNSON. went Into the basement and sorted tant industry. Some of our clays woolen goods, we might have an her clothes. She was dismayed to are unexcelled for brick, making. aliNolutely home industry. Women re, no doubt, the basic find that 'he baby had spilled Utah has mountains of silica to the By far the most important of our civilization owing of factors cherry Juice all down the front of which might be used In the manu- agricultural products Is the sugar atmoa-eberthe create that they fact her best white dress end that Ray facture of glass. She has vast de- beet. Beet sugar, until recently unor background element of the had a large ink spot on the sleeve posits of oil shale waiting for the known, Is now considered to be the the following generation. all We of of his shirt It took but a short chemist to find a way to extract equal and In some cases the superare women tne'r of , workshops time, however, to remove the stains. the oil profitably. Her gold and ior of the cane variety. Great quanhomes and It ia their responsibility She got some javelle water, an liver and lead rely upon the chem- tities of these beets are raised In materl.il the of best tt make the alkaline solution that readily lib- ist for it Is only by the action of I" tub. By the application of proper can-jthey have to work with. They erated chlorine, which when It chemicals that they can be freed fertilizer the yield can be greatly do this unlesa they understand comes in contact with the water on from Besides Increased. their impurities. In 1922, Utah raised the material they are working with. the material unites with the hydro- these there are more than one hun- 37,.KK) carloads of sugar beets, and no one who There la. perhapa, gen and liberates the oxygen which dred other minerals in Utah that the output Is being Increased yearly Into closer contact with really did the bleaching. comes require the sclent of the chemist the use of fertilizers. As chemistry than women so, In order The rest of the washing was sim- to remove their impurities and through the refining of the sugar from the their material, they understand to ple but tiring. Sbeu sed a good make them of commercial value. Juice of the beet is a chemical procunit understand chemistry. strong soap to remove the greasy The metal that is destined to de- ess and the successful raising of the consideratInto take first mnst We and oily matter that causes the dirt velop the greatest industry In Utah beet depends upon chemicals, the ion that all the metals that are to adhere to the soiled article. The Is iron. Iron is found in great sugar lieet Industry la nearly as from taken are home found In the soap and beat has a tendency to de- abundance In different parts of the much a chemical as it is an agriore which has been through a chemia In tint state. accessiIs the clothes Much of it velop yellow cultural industry. Haster mines, easily cal process that gives It the appeara- and so she rinsed the clothes In a ble and of very high grade. It mines and salt refineries pronce which we see in the different zath of blue color to neutralize the usually occurs in the form of oxides, potash duce valuable compounds for the metallic objects. The paint that yellow tint especially that known as red oxide raising of the licet and add their covers the woodwork Is a chemical Her was finally finished of iron. When this compound is values on the side of chemistry. The linoleum, wall and shewashing combinations. started dinner. Her hus- heated in the of carbon It Is important that the beet utensils, dishes, band never came home to lunch so monoxide It presence paper, cooking becomes iron. The farmer have a practical knowledge too and other many things matches, she and the kiddies had a light iron thus obtained still contains a of chemistry In order that he may numerous to mention are products lunch and cooked a hot meal at few impurities which are easily re- use the proiier fertilizer In the right With of the chemistry laboratory. moved by the use of a limestone amount. night. He must know the debut for taken granted, these things She made some hot rolls with flux which forms a slag from the mands of his soil and wbut fertilizer we to may baking powder she mixed herself. Impurities, leaving what is known to use to still attributed chemistry, produce the maximum see the relation of chemistry to the She had found that she could do commercially as "pig Iron." The pig yield. Without chemistry the sugar home. this very easily and thnt it was iron thus obtained may be further beet Industry would be impossible. We will take a typical experience much cheaper and just as good as treated and made into malleable Chemistry has made it what It is from the the factory-madeof a modern housewife Her iron. In this form it is most gen- cud the future development of the roduct. time she arises until she retires at recipe for baking powder is: dried erally useful. Or, It may be treated industry rests in the improvements Bight. How far does a woman go cream of tartar, one pound ; baking with, or rather, mixed with vana- which will be made by the chemist. In her work before she encounters. soda, one-hapound, and starch, dium, chromium or other substances Chemistry might also play an imIn some form or other, chemistry? one-hato form compounds especially suited portant part in the development of pound. She couldn't even arise with the Mrs. Jones was subject to head- to particular uses. a new industry for Utah. We have alarm clock and if she did arise she aches and faint feelings and had Still further in the process Is the great forests of quaking aspen, a breakfan cook couldn't appetizing found that the quickest remedy for making of steel. Not content with tree that is considered to be one ast. it was smelling salts. This was common steel, the chemist mixes of the best for the making of paper modern Mrs. Jones has a home, very expensive and she found that with it vanadium or chromium or from wood pulp. The other woods arranged with by making her own she could save manganese, thus forming speciul which should be mixed with the very conveniently husHer every possible comfort over for all that she alloys which are much more servicefor the making of the best band has a good salary, not large needed to make It was a little am- able than the common steel. It is aspen of paper are also here in forgrades enough, however, to allow his wife monium carbonate and a few drops also worth mention that both vana- ests within easy transportation disto keep hired help. They have two of perfume. Mrs. Jones always dium and manganese are found in tance. Utas is in the center of a children, Ray, age 10. and Mary, either made her own home remedies sufficient quantities near at hand. large territory which uses much age 2. for sickness or used a doctor's preThe refining and manufacture paper and produces practically none. Mr. Jones has a downtown office scription because she realized that of iron necessitates the use of vast In the aspen we have, with the aid which necessitates his rising at an she was paying a big price for the quantities of coal, or rather coke, of chemistry, a resource which early hour. patent medicines which were not to produce the Intense heat neces- should prove important to Utah. was made The alarm clock, which beneficial and were oftlmes harm- sary in the smelting process. Coke Last hut not least is the item of Mrs. ful. The soothing of nickle plated tin, rang. syrups for chil- is obtained by the deseructive dis- the health of the people. Without Jones slowly opened her eyes and dren never appeared in her medicine tillation of coal. The coal tar ex- a strong, healthy people it is diffi realized It was time to get up. She cabinet tracted from the coal In the process cult to develop the resources of the nudged her husband and told him to of making coke has yielded wonder- state. We rely largely upon the get up and make the fire. Her actful results under the hand of the chemist to keep us well. TUus in ion met with no response, so she chemist. It has been broken down this way also the chemist plays an repeated it. Mr. Jones grumbled into different compounds which in- important part. something about "It being the devil clude the sweetest sugar known, From all these considerations It to have to get up so early." perfumes, creosote and dyes. The seems clear that the development of He finally "rolled out" and startaniline dyes, the standard dyes of the resources of the state depends ed to dress. The suit he wore for today, are coal tar products and the upon chemistry more than it does the office was plain but of a very By FRANK McCOARD. direct donation of chemistry to the upon nny other lactor. inoi oiuy Mr. Before good piece of material. Most of Utah's present develop world. Indeed, chemistry has dis- has chemistry been responsible for Jones had his suit made Mrs. Jones ment may be attributed to chemis-tr- v covered so many different products nearly all the present progress, it had brine a piece of the material and our future progress is in the that can be made from coal tar is also sure to have a large part in home. She made a dilute solution! tinnda of the. chemist. This state that the have become that development of the state that of sodium hydroxide and put the ment sums up the relation of chem nearly as Important as the coke it- is sure to come. sample into it. Every thread of the istry to the development of the re- self. The production of colorings, material dissolved so she knew that sources of the state. sweets, perfumes and ornaments it was a very good piece of matermass of Utah is rich agriculturally, but from a black, ial. her chief resource lies in her coal tar is a great tribute to the and mineral deposits. The mineral that skill of the chemist. Mr. Jones dressed quickly went into the basement to make the has played the largest part in her When we consider thnt Utah has fire in the furnace. He found some progress thus far has been copper. enough iron to relay all the rail-- , from made of the road tracks and to make steel paper, which had been Utah furnishes wood, and crumpled it so that the copper of the nation and still has By CLIFFORD KINNDBED, enough to rebuild all the steel struc-- , air could circulate around in it, If we are to consider the subject vast, ntouched fields of high grade tures of the United States ; that it piled on some kindling next, then ore. has abundance of limestone at hand of "Chemistry iu Relation to Nathe the coal, doing this because The form in which most of Utah's for fluxing, that it has sufficient tional Defense," in the broader paper had the lowest kindling tem copper occurs is that of copper sul- - coal to carry on the industry on a sense, we shall see at once that perature, the wood next and last phide. Copper sulphide must under-- 1 very large scale and that all these chemistry has several distinct aims the coal. He lighted this with a go a process of smelting to be re- are easily accessible, it seems that such as the discovery of new promatch which had been partially duced to the copper of commerce. there should be nothing to keep ducts, the improvement of old prodipped in kerosene and tipped with This process Is a chemical process. Utah from becoming one of the cesses und the utilization of waste sulphur and phosphorous. This was The fact that other valuable metals greatest centers of the products and materials which have used because of its extremely low nro found with the cornier sulphide world. Yet, for all tnis possioie heretofore been considered useless. : kindling temperature". renders the smelting process more development, we are absolutely de- It seeks also to increase the acHe fixed the drafts of the stove! difficult and therefore more depend pendent upon chemistry and the curacy of methods, to make indusso that olentv of air could be drawn ent on the skill or tne cnemisc in chemist. trial enterprises more precise and in because oxygen Is necessary to' fner. the saving of has Nearly as important as our min- defenite, thereby making the prosupport combustion. come to be one of the most impor eral resources are our agricultural ducts more fruitful. In short it Is Mrs. Jones got up, dressed, called tant departments of the chemical resources, and the success of our to replace quackery by science. the children, and started breakfast . . Where then is to be the source laboratory. agriculture depends upon the chemShe lighted, the gas and put the of these new methods and in what Salt is another mineral common ist as does our mineral industry. coffee on to bolL The gas was one, to this state. It Is found In so The chief application of chemistry ways are they to be most successful of the handiest installments in her n,,M a state thnt it seldom requires to agriculture lies in the applica- to man? It is most likely thnt the home and was made, by the gas a chemical what result wil comef rom the chemistry tion of fertilizers. The modern, purifier. However, chemical plant from coal, by a proc few impurities are round in it, espefarmer does not go about his labratory because the day has ess. extenwas The coffee she used work in a slipshod, careless way. passed when n person can mix two cially the nitrates, are used ground at home for she had found sively in the manufacture of fer- His soils are analyzed and the substances together, by guess work through certain tests for adulterat- tilizers. With the aid of the chem proper fertilizers are applied. Thus, and obtain valuable products. The ion that she was paying for cer ist it is also possible to have chemistry puts back into tne sou, chemist of today must sit down and tain invaluable material which was for the manufacture of lye, in the form of fertilizers, what has figure the equation out graphically objectionable to her. She had made soda, chlorine and other useful ma been taken out by the plants. and then mix the products acording-ly- . many tests for adulterations in her terials made from salt. The raising of fruit depends upon It is from such experimental poking material and found that In- TTtoh la rieh In deDOSitS Of the chemistry in a different manner. works as this that new amuuitions, many cases she was getting cotton- less common minerals such as Here, the chemist produces a spray more explosive by far than the prespeeu oil or peanut oil in place ol and other hydrocarbons from which kills the many parasites ent ones, will come forth, munitions plive oil; glucose in place of sugar which asphalt can be made. This which prey upon the trees, home that will revolutionize the world in products; saccharine as a sweet-jene- f,,rniahoa nn imnortant application fertilizer is used, but the chief ap- case of future wars. Although there starch In jellies and spices; of chemistry which becomes increas plication of chemistry is found in is an attempt being made by the Khicory and cereals In ground important as the tiemana xor the making of these sprays. Our statesmen of the world to rid future Nffee and adulterations in flavor ingly road grows. chief fruits are the apple and the generations of wail it has not yet th. ing extracts. These minerals are also being used peach and both of these are afflicted proved successful enough to warrant Mrs. Jones was an expert cook in large quantities in mating elec with many diseases wnicn may De any nation disbanding its armies land soon had a combatted successfully by the use and destroying its fortifications; delightful break- tric insulators. fast cooked. Her pancakes were therefore if we must accept war as Cement stone is another of our re- of chemicals. a possibility while not ceasing In We have a few factories specially good. They were made sources. A great many potatoes are in this state. The yield our efforts to eradicate it In the by the action of soda on sour engaged in developing this industry, Put which caused small bubbles of kn few and of these could be Increased by the future by arbitration, we must have ' v oTrwdinelv UUb thaw sag to be distributed throughout the small compared with the possibili use of a proper fertilizer. In some experiments and investigations carpongh and become light. ties. The amount, oi unowa mate- localities the use of such fertilizer ried on that will not leave America After breakfast Mr. Jones started rial la vprv lures and it is a safe has increased the yield in the unprotected, inexperienced por his office In his new car which guess that there are large deposits Needless to say, this increased yield position that she occupied in 1917. ag run by Just reflect upon our position at gasoline, another prod- not yet discovered, in view oi me is due to the chemist. uct of to thnt cpmfint has come into such chemistry. Oats, barley and wheat are raised thnt time. Germany was producing "S. Jones now started at her general use in construction, replac in fairly large quantities in various most of our dyes and chemicals, wrk. She washed the dishes, ing Steel in many places, anu uemS parts of the state. Tu6 output of while other countlres wore supply mate- these grains could also be Increased ing fetlllzcrs and chemicals necesusing soap flakes In her dishwater the standard to make the water become softer. that this by the use of proper fertilizers. certain is sary for our Very existence in great quite it rial Son TV fin lr .0 nrapn matin hif thik Another asoect of chemistry little quantities.' America had paid little become oh of our important might chemist who discovered that the industries. thoughot of Is its application to attention to the production of these "won of lye on fat made a very Plastef Is being produced in in- stock raising. Many pests and dis- esseutial materials until the declarauseful product for the home. She creasing quantities. In this indus- eases are gotten rid of by the nse tion of war with derma ny and its swept the floor and began her try, as in our mining industries, we of chemicals in the form of dips and accompanying blocade of trade comdrubbing. Hho was nlwnvs careful aee dependent on our chemists. We sprays. her to do so. Trim to the Many of these are made nt to use lye on her printed linol- depend on chemleal action to sep- from local products. Examples of pelled adduce. "Necessity is the mother of eum or woodwork because the lye arate the different grades of mate these are the sulphur dips and the invention," America responded and CHEMISTRYIN THE JOHE e ot p lf lf one-hal- f, CHEMISTRYIN INDUSTRY CHEMISTRY g DEFENSE one-eigh- iron-makin- g rac-tnri- r; hnrri-Hiirfnc- ik 1 one-hal- f. road-makin- g nt IN rn Ml JV JV in a way. unequalled by tliat of any oilier country produced products that lwiffled hte enemy, countered his prceKHe and brought to America and the allies the deeUlon of the greatest conflict of all time. Let us conwlder some of the peace time industries that In time of war could be quickly and effectively turned into national and military assets of the first rank. For In a decisive struggle the country that wins must have a large number of welle developed national resource and cannot win on the strength of lta number alone. The industry occupying first place lu this respect will no doubt 1 the dye industry. Major Lefbre In his book "The Riddle of the Rhine," Rhine," says, "The country which does not possess a strong dye Industry or enormous and comprehensive and expensive chemical arsenals can not hope to escape serious military results, possibly defeats can not hope to escape serious military results, possibly defeats from enemy chemical surpirses." Quoting further, "Chemical warfare became a normal, technical and increasingly important part of the science of war opening vast possibilities the limits of which it is difficult to fix. Most of us are familiar with the fact that chemical warfare products are closely connected and in some cases almost, identical with the finished organic chemicals or Intermediates produced in the dye Industry. It Is obvious, (hen, that at hte very time when we have greatest need for military supplies, we may not be able to get them at all if we depend upon foreign sources. This would also apply to other necessities, such as fertilizers and preservatives, which woupld be us indispensible in time of prolonged war as the army Itself. Hoy easy It was for Germany to convert her dye products Into the necessities of muni tions and gas. The two are sympa tbetic, flexible and easily capable of yielding revolutionary discoveries in a relative short time. "Arsenal in disguise endowed with the flexibility of their parent, the science itself," snys Major Lefbre, of Ger "Is many's great dye factories. therefore seen that the dye industry Is a profitable peace time factor, with ninny open markets and furnishing great opportunity. As such it is a valuable asset to any hationj plants require food the same as animals and human beings. Without food plants cannot live aud grow and just to the extent that plant food la present in the soil, to that extent w 111 a crop U produifd. Nitrogen 1 the heart and soul of the problem of growing more crojw and cheaper crop. Before the war the world's chief supply of nitrogen was from Chile, but having that source of supply put off by the war blocade German chemists resorted to getting the nitrogen from the air and were very successful The war wa prolonged several months and could have been years by this discovery which gave them an unlimited supply for their farms and amuuitions. As nitrogen ia a base for the manufacturing of all explosives it is Indispensible in war aud cannot be substituted in the basic industry-farm- ing. It isc not therefore lmer. ative that investigations go on in this field? The nitrogen industry is as flexible as the dye Industry, affording equal opportunities for investigations and experiments which in peace would supply the element and a few days after war was declared could be turning out explosives or gusses at full production capacity, which In future wars will be absolutely necessary. In actual war the soldier has more to rear from the ravages of disease than from the fire of the enemy. This is another problem of national defense. In olden times a warrior always preferred to be killed outright rather than to be taken to some hospital where he d untold pain from the iiiade-qual- e treatments and operations given him. But in the last war, hospitals were not looked on as a 1 WINNING ESS A YS BY PROVO AND SPRINGVILLE STUDENTS The essays were among the many entered by the state of Utah in the national essay contest conducted by the American Chemical society. The three printed on this page were written by students of the Springville and Provo high schools, Mr. Kindred, of Springville, and Miss Johnson and Mr. of Provo. The Daily Herald congratulates these young people, and their teachers in chemistry, upon their being able to prove to all America that Utah produces brains as well as other things. Mc-Coa- Figures issued from Hollywood last summer indicate that the films which paid the best during July were the most wholesome pictures ever made. rd suAccording to traveler seta perstition, If when out on a journey, you stock him with rounds cookies, be will surely return. Cacho-Slovakal- n By STANLEY TOE OLD HOME TOWN. vl-t- suf-fere- pla-- where a wounded soldier was taken to die, but as a sanitary home which offered relief to pain and disease. Anyonet knows the effects disease has on the morals of an army, it is. the worst obstacle a commander can come up against in his own forces. It is easy to see how an army's strength would be increased if it was immune to disease. There are a few diseases for hich there are antitoxins and vae cination preventatives, but several of the most dreaded diseases are still uncontrollable. The world Is yet far iu advance in methods of destruction than in methods ,,t structlon or preservation ; therefore it is imperative that the study of medicine be encouraged as this is not only a wartime measure but peacetime as well, furnishing a place for wartime investigation to go on in time of pence. Most of the above arguments apply to the offensive side of war, while others apply to both offensive and defensive; but Itm ust lie remembered that every time a now invention applying to war is brought forth some means of combatting it must be prepared, for enemy chemists will be on the alert and as soon as some new gas, munition or apparatus Is used they will try and counter it with some thing by far more destructive htan the original product. Take for example the nse of gas. In the late war the opposing armies brought forth new ideas only to have the enemy bring out another of greater intensity and for which the preventatives for former passes were ineffective. This brings into consideration the necessity of continually having with the until we can be reasonably certain that war has been permanently eliminated. Another industry closely allied to the dye industry and furnishing a great chance for peace time development is that of the paint and varnish factories. Although It is well established in America there is yet room for increased production. Alloys are essentially a mixture of two or more metals intimately joined together; here is another field in which chemistry has functions. Feature the world of today without the alloy of carbon and Iron, forming steel, or that of copper and zinc to form brass. When one looks about he suddenly becomes conscious of their value to everyday life. Practically ever piece of artillery, gun, or piece of amunition is all, or in a large part composed of some alloy. This is another of chemistry's invaluable gifts to There must be harder humanity. materials made to keep pace with the advancement being made in the army chemists who would quickly manufacturing of new nmunitions react against any enemy surprise. and guns and to withstand the rav- Such an organization would also look after the purity of foods and ages of time: It has been proved that every or- drinks thnt the soldiers would conganic product of nature that can be sume, testing for poisons all water found on captured ground and analyzed can be rebuilt o rremade in the chemical laboratory. From testing captured provisions ; in the this statement conies the idea of late war this was overlooked and AU often proved disasterous. artificial foods. producing Considering its power gas has no never be it may possible to' though produce foods in the sense that na- equal. Physical vigor, one of the ture does, it is possible to build greatest assets of an army is resome foods. These in concentrated duced 25 per cent by the continual This again condition could be carried by the wearing of the mask. soldiers in time of war, thus lessen- barings out the need for combating ing the weight of his pack and at gas with chemicals that will neu the same time furnishes him a sim- tralize it to the extent that it Is to man. ple food containing all the elements harmless From the mining industry comes necessary to keep him on good rations for several days or even the demand for methods that will weeks. How advantageous would a lessen the danger of gasses in this food of this sort be in a huge mili- industry. Here we have another tary campaign! such a factor as war time essential, that applies in peace as well a svvar and is directly this may be the deciding feature. Closely allied to the making of resiKmsible. to chemistry for its outfoods is the problem of preserving come. them. By storing in times of plenty "Another phase' we must consider or In peace the horrers of famine Is that of building fortifications. that often go with war could be Every one realizes that the present dealt with more easily and effective- day fortifications are practically ly. This phase is probably of more defenseless against aircraft and importance to the country as a long range guns. Therefore one of whole than as a military factor, but chemistry's problems is to devise the home interests are not to be for- some means that will withstand gotten jvhen discussing natural de- these new means of destruction fense because the backing of the either physically or chemically. Another defense problem is that army by the home population cannot be accomplished with any of establishing some means of evadamount of vigor if the people are ing a possible plocade of any enemy half starved or put on stricts ra- and if necessity arises, establishing tions, for if there is no food at an effective one around some future home htere will not be food for the enemy,' although this must be to a certain extent Bcomiilisliert hv nhvsl. arm'. Next comes the problem of adding cal means, chemistry wil figure pre fertilizers to the soil. The Scien- uominently ana must therefore be tific American says that in the 2." considered. From tha nboVe arguments in years proceeding i!)l7 the fixation bf nitrogen was the most valuable kith defensive and offensive methdiscovery made. This is true be- ods of war Can be seen the position cause this discovery stands between chemistry now occupies in the modman aud starvation. Other inven- ern World of today. Any chemical tions Were important but this one is surprise under genuine conditions of vital. During the last ten years our (iisarmameiit. ns we are now living upon tit the under will depend entirely population has Increased rate of about two per cent per an- peacetime industry, for under those will n tolerate onation num, while our crop production has conditions increased only half as fast. It 1ms the cvlsenncc of huge military hv finoU"'.' country. been knowu for a long timo Hint L, WHIUB THE BOYS WENT OvfcH WATCH THE Blt-- L POSTERS PUT UP Of NB CIRCUS "ICTURES TOCWY V. 7VV f 7J f)f pf0"Ty (Wbi TO Welcome . I CI Day Visitors- Snittoo-Chas- e - V; p.V 1' i Drag i t P. Prove, Utah ' |