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Show Page G6 THE HERALD, Provo, Utah, Sunday, November 4, 1930 Gene Sltoerapy makes rapid! strides in killer cells to tumors to help them fight a variety of cancers that would otherwise overwhelm their immune systems. Two different therapies are coming together immunotherapy, helping the immune system to fight Medicine EDITOR'S NOTE has been encroaching on death for years now, pushing existing technology to the limit. But now, out of the laboratory, comes a new approach using two new technologies that can alter our own bodies and instruct them how to beat the bum raps that nature deals out. ImagBETHESDA, Md. (AP) ine killer cells, coded to make them more potent, that go to the heart of cancers and make them bleed to death, a kind of microsbullet that saves copic dum-du- established cancers, and gene transfer, in which a debilitated cell - is corrected by inserting a healthy gene for a defective one. It's as if a door is opening and a small shaft of light is reaching into the very processes that control our lives. There is evidence right here and lives. Also think about cells equipped with missing genes that are injected into humans to thwart those deficits of nature that leave numberless humans to suffer shortened lives. Then consider: In September a child began to receive cells reaped from her own now that mankind can instruct its own genes, tell them what to do. How many thousands of currently doomed human beings will be saved is not yet ours to know. But it is hard to hold back the breath- "They are intrinsically different. Biological therapies don't directly attack the cancer. Rather they try to alter the host so that the host's own natural defenses will lead to the rejection of the cancer. That's the avenue we are pursuing." And there is a sense of urgency. Dr. W. French Anderson, a gene therapy researcher at NIH and editor of the new journal of Human Gene Therapy, wrote recently that he remembered "the anguished words" at a public forum of one Ola Huntley, three of whose children have the inherited disease called sickle cell anemia. She said, "I resent the fact that a few individuals have presented arguments strong enough to curtail the scientific technology which promises to give hope to those suffering from a genetic disease." That was in 1983. In an editorial this summer, Dr. well-meani- current gene transfer therapy. grown outside the body with a substance that encour- years it could explode. There are plans for clinical trials at research institutions all across inter-leukin-- 2, ages lymphocyte the country. Dr. Malcolm Brenner at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn., is designing a clinical trial to fight juvenile leukemia and certain solid tumors. Dr. Ken Cornetta at the University of Wisconsin is doing the same for adult leukemia and some solid tumors. Dr. Mike Lotze at the University of Pittsburgh is planning a clinical trial similar to the ones being done at NIH, using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to goad the immune system into throwing off cancers. There are half a dozen other experiments planned. "All of us have cancers in us all of the time," Dr. Anderson explains. "We have about 50 trillion cells in our body and occasionally something is going to go wrong. But our immune systems recognize that and keep it down. Only when a group of cells is dividing out of control and overwhelm the immune defenses do you get a cancer. What Steve Rosenberg's approach has been for 15 years is to help the immune system fight back." In the first wave of experiments in immunotherapy against cancer, the TILs have been the weapon of choice. The scientists readily admit they were lucky with the first five patients. While the experiment was designed basically to demonstrate the safety of inserting foreign genes into human cells, the byproduct was lives saved. Pieces of tumors were excised from the five and minced and growth in the body. The active cells doubling and redoubling in days. The idiosyncrasy of these cells is mass-produce- d, that they home in on tumors from which they were derived. The cells were then reinjected into the patients. Three of the five patients showed effects. One patient, a mother, had over 30 melanoma tumors in her lung, skin . and mouth, a particularly virulent cancer unbeatable in advanced stages. They have all disappeared and she is back at work. A second patient's tumor was completely arrested, stopped in its tracks. She is back at work teaching aerobic dancing. A third patient had 95 percent to 98 percent reduction in his tumors, but it failed to hold for 30 days. He was and this time the tumor was arrested. But after a year he slipped back again and died last anti-tum- There are fewer than 20 SCID patients in the world. blood was taken The were given and the a gene for the missing enzyme. They were grown in profusion outside the body and then a billion of them were infused into the child. The treatment will continue, but it may be months before appreciable results can be seen. One reason is caution. Some people are still worried about tinkering with human genes and perhaps creating Frankenstein diseases that could run rampant But the protocols under which this work is done have been carefully designed. "The worst case scenario?" muses Anderson, the father of gene therapy who with other scientists has spent three years thinking of the worst that can happen. "I don't think anything that could happen could surprise us. Short of a meteor coming through the roof." For years they will test for the chance that a recombinate virus would emerge that is infectious and pathologic. But the chances are so slim. After all the animal studies, Anderson says it would be a "tremendous surprise because there is no place it could come from. "The things that could happen, the thing that is most worrisome, the thing that keeps me awake at night is that she (the patient) could run into a major problem which has nothing to do with the therapy." An air embolus during reinjec-tio- n could get into the lung and she could "gasp three times and die. body and genetically altered to cure a disease that would otherwise have left her at the mercy of infections that would only deal normal people a glancing blow. So far 10 melanoma victims, each of whom had barely three months to live, have been given altered cells that proved for the first time that foreign genes could be introduced into humans safely and could remain biologically active in the human body. Coinciden-tallthree of the first five showed dramatic shrinking of their tumors and one had complete remission. And the same scientists who conducted these tests are ready to introduce altered genes into humans to enhance the potency of taking possibilities. "You have to remember that last year in the United States cancer killed 495,000 people," says Dr. Steven Rosenberg of the National Institutes of Health. "That means that one of six Americans now alive is going to die of cancer. That's in spite of our best available treatments, and we have good treatments. We can cure half of everybody who develops the disease using surgery and radiation and chemotherapy. But the half that can't be cured is more Americans every year than died in World War II and Vietnam combined. "So we are in desperate need of new cancer treatments and these biological approaches I'm hoping will become a fourth way to treat cancer. They can join surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. How well do you know U.S. 'Good' bugs help kill 'bad' bugs in urban areas y, Constitution? By The Associated Press For this bicentennial of the first session of the U.S. Supreme Court, the National Constitution Center, in Philadelphia, has prepared the following quiz to test your "Constitutional IQ": QUESTIONS Under the Fourth Amendment, may a teacher search a student's purse? 2 The purpose of all courts is to punish people accused of breaking the law. True or false? 3 Traditionally, the lower federal courts apply Supreme Court decisions to the cases they hear. True or false? 4 Which branch of the government has the power to admit new states? 5 The president can propose amendments to override a court decision on a law. True or false? 6 The presidential veto is a check against: a. Congress. b. the Supreme Court. c. appointed officials. 7 To help balance the budget, President Bush called for new taxes on gasoline, alcohol and tobacco. Which branch of the government must approve these new taxes before they become law? 8 In 1970, Congress passed a law lowering the voting age in federal and state elections from 21 to 18. This was challenged by Oregon in the Supreme Court. Oregon contended that Congress doesn't have the right to make laws for state elections. The court agreed. However, today, may vote in state and federal elections. Why is this legal now? 9 Which chief justice is credited with making the Supreme Court equal to the other two branches of government? 10 Which chief justice said, "Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appopriate, which are plainly adapted to that end? which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are constitutional." 1 By National Geographic For AP Newsfeatures - BERKELEY, Calif. Tiny, stingerless wasps, smaller than fleas, are nibbling the pesky d cockroach into oblivion in University of California labobrown-bande- ratories here. In Riverside, Calif., natural insect enemies are being sought to combat an aggravating pinhead-siz- e fly that began infesting the region two years ago. Another minuscule wasp is wagbeetle, ing war against the elm-lewhose hungry larvae rob California yards and streets of shade in the summer. Although biological control is quite common in agriculture, in urban areas it is still in its infancy. "It's eventually going to be very important," says Richard Patterson, a U.S. Agriculture Department entomologist in Gainesville, Fla. "We're losing a lot of pesticides because of new Environmental Protection Agency rules, and we'll be forced into doing something different." A few cities already are turning to biological control, says Jake af the law. 3 True. 4 Under the Constitution, Article 4, Section 3, "New states may be admitted by the Congress." 5 False. Amendments to the Constitution can be proposed by of both houses, or of the state legislatures. 6 -- a. 7 Congress. All bills for raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate must also approve. 8 In July 1971, the 26th Amendment was passed, giving the right to vote to citizens who are 18 or older in federl and state elections. This is another example of the Supreme Court's ruling on a congressional law being reversed by a constitutional amendment. 9 Chief Justice John Marshall - two-thir- two-thir- - (1801-1834- ). 10 Chief Justice John Marshall Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19106. (Please include the name of the newspaper in which the quiz appeared.) Biehm, vice president of a company in Ventura, Calif., that supplies "good" bugs that eat "bad" bugs to several U.S., Canadian, and Italian cities that have found that some chemicals are no longer effective against insects. Four years ago, the city of Long Beach, Calif., successfully replaced chemical spraying of trees with the release of hundreds of thousands of green lacewings, insects that deg vour bugs. Since 1900, 506 species of insects have become immune to at least ont of the five classes of pesticides; 481 of those species have developed resistance since 1955. The use of parasites to control pests in homes is still minimal, but Patterson anticipates that in a few years people will be buying insects to control cockroaches. Tiny wasps that attack houseflies and bacteria that control mosquitoes are already commercially available. In Berkeley, the roach problem began several years ago when the brown-bande- d cockroach hitchhiked from Florida in someone's luggage, and proliferated. Boric-aci- d powder, nemesis of leaf-eatin- VOTED TO EXEMPT (IHC HOSPITALS i.e. AM. FORK, OREM AND UTAH VALLEY) FROM PAYING PROPERTY TAXES WHILE HE WAS A CHAIRMAN OF ONE OF THEIR HOSPITAL BOARDS. (CONFLICT OF INTEREST) 2. BECK HAD OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITY WHILE OVER 1 MILLION DOLLARS WAS STOLEN FROM T1MPANOCOS MENTAL HEALTH. (OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITY IGNORED) 3. BECK REQUESTED AND RECEIVED JAZZ BASKETBALL TICKETS FROM THE DEVELOPER THAT WAS CONSTRUCTING THE NEW EXPENSIVE Sept. 14. That same day the NIH team used a different technique on a girl who was suffering from a rare disease, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which leaves its victim defenseless against infection and cancers. These children, who used to be called "bubble babies" after the extreme isolation required to protect them from disease, can be maintained by giving them a missing enzyme called adenosine deaminase. And in fact being on that therapy is a requirement for the the ubiquitous German cockroach, didn't faze the invaders. And be- cause scientists at won't allow the spraying of pesticides in their laboratories, they turned to the roach-eatin- g wasp, Comperia merceti, as a last resort. The parasite, about the size of the commas on this page, threatens cockroach. only the brown-bande- d The wasp larvae eat only the roach eggs; without them, they die. Margaret Hurlbert, a technician who raises the bugs in a cage in her office, had several wasps brought in from Hawaii after reading that scientists there had used them to eradicate the brown-bande- d cockroach. "We've had great success," Hurlbert, who has introduced more than 150,000 Comperia merceti into more than 600 offices and laboratories on the Berkeley campus, which eat all of the approximately 14 roach eggs in each case. After four to six weeks, a new generation of tiny wasps emerges from the roach-eg- g cases. Seldom seen by humans, the wasps seek other egg cases, and the cycle begins again. Meanwhile, scientists at the Unie versity of imported eight natural enemies of the ash whitefly. The minute fly, whose manner of entry into Southern California in 1988 remains a mystery, sucks the vital juices from the leaves of shade and ornamental trees in 15 Southern California counties. "It's worst in the fall," says entomologist Tom Bellows. "People can't be outside, because if they inhale, they inhale whiteflies, which are thick in the air, like snow. They're killing fruit trees and damaging shade trees. California-Riversidehav- Tiny wasp kills cockroaches tells National Geographic. "We introduce 30 wasps in each room. We put them in drawers and in dark places in the laboratories, where the cockroach lays its egg cases." The wasps lay their eggs in the cockroach egg cases. The wasp eggs hatch into about 10 larvae, Monday Only, Pay No Interest For 12 Months. m mil r.vtrjs I'lan mi $IM minimum iun'lia."f. Kepaunenl must be made in 12 huj! monlhlv pawuents. Then- - is no finance harpe il pawnents are made as scheduled. If "I pawnents are not made as scheduled, a ini'iithlv periodic interest rate of I I 2r shall lie made on the unpaid balance, riu-- i oncspoiids to an annua! percentage rale of Ml IK accounts must be in eood standini; and are subject to credit appnia COUNTY COMPLEX. (CONFLICT OF INTEREST) 4. BECK HAS SERVED AS A POLITICIAN FOR 22 YEARS. ITS TIME HE STOPS MAKING A PROFESSION OUT OF PUBLIC SERVICE. (PROFESSIONAL POLITICIANS MUST GO) 5. WHILE SERVING AS A POLITICIAN MR. BECK INCREASED HIS BUDGET FROM $555,741.00 TO $1,140,944 FROM 73 TO 77, PLUS A DEFICIENCY OF (266,918). A 100 INCREASE IN JUST 4 YEARS) 6. BECK, AS CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMISSION, WONT HAVE PRAYER IN COMMISSION MEETINGS. (IS HE FOR PRAYER IN OUR SCHOOLS?) 6 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD VOTE FOR WAYNE HILL: 1. WAYNE HILL WILL PROTECT UTAH COUNTY WATER RIGHTS SO THEY DONT GO TO SALT LAKE COUNTY. (NO POLITICIAN IN UTAH COUNTY IS LOOKING AFTER OUR FUTURE WATER NEEDS) 2. WAYNE HILL WILL CLEAN UP THE AIR IN UTAH COUNTY AND WILL KEEP INDUSTRY OPEN. (HE WILL ATTEND THE CLEAN AIR MEETINGS ALL 4 YEARS, NOT JUST DURING AN ELECTION YEAR.) 3. WAYNE HILL WILL MAKE SURE THAT WITH THE CHANGE IN COUNTY ZONING LAWS THAT THE CITY RESIDENTS WONT BE TAXED TO PAY FOR SERVICES IN THE AREAS. 4. WAYNE HILL IS HONEST. HE LL WORK FOR THE PEOPLE, NOT FOR HIS OWN POLITICAL ADVANCEMENT. HE WILL NOT BECOME A CAREER POLITICIAN I IKE THE INCUMBENT. ' 5. WAYNE HILL WILL NOT INCREASE YOUR TAXES. 6. WAYNE HILL WANTS PRAYER BACK IN COMMISSION Olivetti" VOTE WAYNE HILL BALLOT 69 K 4. ' .. 82499 Rep. H02H0 10 MB ' f f f s. computer system f ''4fc.' . ' Hifih perfurmaiNr ssWm with niiTipn(rsMr. 12 MHZ pro'rMtig sfr ed. had drive. MBRW1. (A 16-l- 1 controller, serial and parallel jmrt . prajif.ii-Is 2 iinipatilile mouse port, a .39 (A mlnr V ( monitor and more. Models DMHHlM'ri. a highspeed dot matrix printer and P(2HOUO;Dl,28UC Special Bonux: Mini Software package GW Basic, five lanpuafie tilotial and Olivetti OuickMart MEETINGS. c 1999 ha includes (1819). For more information and a free copy of the Constitution (including the Bill of Rights), write to the National Constitution Center, 325 asked rhetorically, "What's The Rush?" "The rush is the daily necessity to help sick people. Their (our) illnesses will not wait for a more convenient time. We need help when we are sick...So...ask the cancer patient who has only a few months to live, ask the AIDS patient whose body is shriveling, ask Ola Huntley. The 'rush' arises from our human compassion for our fellow man who needs help now. It will take many years of clinical studies before gene therapy can be a widely used treatment procedure. The sooner we begin, the sooner patients will be helped." It has begun. Ad in coming 1. BECK (FOLKS THAT WELL OVER ANSWERS 1 Yes. In New Jersev vs. T.L.O (1985): "Maintaining order in a school takes priority over an individual's right to privacy." 2 False. The purpose of courts is to protect the rights of the people and to ensure justice under Anderson with Mphaworks processing, and more. Home Office Zi CM I Shop all dtoren Monday through Saturday 10-- 9 order by phone: Willi your ZCMI charge account. UTAH COUNTY COMMISSIONER "A" In Salt Like. 321-666- 6: elsewhere in Utah and in the I .S.. 1 |