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Show THE HERALD, TUESDAY, MAY 16, 1922. BrCXAXP.AlSm N Ymk BaUhtrist libor rwUif dis-a- PRIVATE MONEY MAKING IN AMERICA te ia Moscow recently some Stintert, rorain out paper money for tbe Gorernment, (track for bieber wife. The itrike wti finally settled by a tfreement that to rich printer hould be entitled the amount of money he could turn out a one hour each day, printing the note! for himself not 500 higher ia denomination than ruble. When, in comparison, we how Uncle Sam manufactures our money down in Washmints ington and tt the several and how carefully every penny is guarded against loss thisin loose Rusmethod of money making sia at present seems almost unbelievable to a good many Amercon-aid- er icans. A Private Mint Yet it is a fact that at the present day a certain form of money once widely current in America but now quite unknown to most peocounple is manufactured in this a mantry in just as free and easy ner as anything the Bolshevists might attempt Moreover, it is no more counterfeit than the Russian coinage, although our Government has nothing to do with Its production and does not in any way recognize it as specie. Quite recently there was placed on exhibition in the Bergen County, New Jersey, Historical Society a private money making machine which had been in use for nearly one hundred years, no less than four generations of ne family employing it for extensive money making purposes. With this announcement the question naturally arises: What are the operatives of Uncle Sam's Secret Service doing ia no way resembles United States coinage. Nevertheless ia certain sections of the West it was once quite extensively used for sale and barter, and is still limitedly In brief this "money" is what has always been known to the Indians as wampum and for a long time, after tbe arrival of the white man, it was very much more valuable to the original inhabitants of America than the white man's In fact the Indian's coinage. loathness to dispense with his wampum is the reason for the existence right down to our time of a demand for this primitive currency. Whites Manufacture Indian Money The Indians, of course, were the first wampum makers but when it became a medium of exchange for the early colonists and traders the white men took up its manufacture and have continued to make it long years after the Indians themselves have stopped doing so. There are several reason for this but the principal one is that by the encroachment of the 'settlers upon their territory, the Indians have been gradually driven away from the sea to the interior plains where the proper shells for the manufacture of wampum are not obtainable. The white man living near tbe coast can, however, still secure all the sea shells required. Thus the Indians have come to depend entirely upon them for their wampum. A Family Affair Most of this wampum making came finally to be carried on by a few old families of Southern New Jersey, foremost amongst whom for many years were the Campbells. From the early part of the V -- av,M&m T - w a. " -- oiii'irivf r" A curious wampum making machine in use for 100 years. 18th century until quite recently when the last member of this family died, these people turned out vast quantities of wampum for In to allow a private money making enterprise to go on without molestation? The answer is simple the money made on this machine v- -- 1 - i HAPPILY MARRIED ' Peacock Tiiuny production for nrpstr.ir:! hv Robert Z. Yi now at the Strand thea- .olains how to be happily ii even if one is a screen .star cf Murray, a Fl ionpieture people live more j CII ouonsanyoo ?W I ... ""' .'" m MHI Mil j: i'l"ijiliijMt-i- "T' SSfl ? jS i'iiiiliiiiln n m'J IM iM i n , . IX Above, William Penn'a Treaty with the Indians. From a rare old print Below, The elaborate belt of wampum given Penn by the Indiana to teal the treaty. dian usage. The second and third generations of wampum making Campbells supplied much wampum to John Jacob Astor, who used it in buying furs from' the Indians. It was probably Mr. Astor who opened up the way for the Campbells' extensive wampum trade on the plains and in the far west, which has lasted to the present, although its manufacture is now- very rapidly dying, as the Indians have become more and more civilized and accustomed to the intrinsic value of the white man's money. Yet some wampurn is still- made on the New Jersey Coast. A Wampum Workshop The interior of a wampum workshop is. as different as it is possible to be from a regulation mint. In fact in its primative nature it more nearly resembles a limekiln. The floors are hidden from sight by great heaps of shells, and the rude benches and tools are covered endust as the tirely with white-flyin- g shells are being ground and drilled, and suptrests the application of numerable coats of whitewash,' which in fact it really is. The wampum n kers purchase a cartload of conch Td clam shells for 25 cents, delKered at their doors, and when a shell of sufficient thickness is selected it is broken with hammer and chisel into cubes of about two inches in length and d of an inch square. The piece of shell is then securely wedged into a vise made of two pieces of wood, connected with a hinge in the center. The jaws of the vise are opened and the shells inserted. Then the vise is closed tightly and held by pressure In this against the grindstone. manner, in a short tirne, the edges of the shell are rounded, and then the drill is brought into use. one-thir- The workman sits at table, the top of which is fashioned from the half of a log, the wider side still retaining the original bark covering, and affixing one end of the drill to play freely in a button on his jacket, he next takes up a whalebone bow, similar to the kind used by jewelers, and, giving the cord a turn about ihe spool on the drill, he works the bow rapidly back and a rt three-legge- d forth, from right to left, till the sharp end of the drill penetrates through the cube of shell from end to end lengthwise. When a sufficient number of cubes a.;- completed they are then smoothed and polished with emery paper and strung on wires, precisely the same as children string beads, and they are then ready for the market. The wampum that is made from the streaked, bluish shells is the parts of hard-clamost beautiful, and therefore more valuable, and is harder and tougher to work. The price paid for the products of this now almost obsolete industry is 14 cents a running inch on the string, and the average amount of money made by these shell money makers is about $6 a day during the season. Origin of Wampum In the Hall of the Indians of the in The American Woodlands, Museum of Natural History, New York, may be seen a case containing strings and belts of curious-lookin- g white and purple beads. This is wampum, and was used as currency by the Indians, early colonists and traders, and the Indians be profaned, to be made commonplace." Mae' Murray's husband Is big, blonde Bob Leonard, her director. She believes that marriage union should be a lasting one. At the same time she holt3 that opinion a that fiction and drama and experience have spread wide among this generation, that it is immoral to remain married to one "THE DRAGON'S CLAW" I II III! II II II IMI1MI II Place fjy? t ill! to II llll II Go- - Hifnucon incasnm WK ff0MGHT-7:- 9:15 30, fir II ISllllf jjjtliitl J - Matinee 2:30 Regular Prices 4 MIA MAY IM A SEMES OF FOUR Paramount Pictures The Mistress Of The World f At the Columbia Wednesday. jwi Ihe Dragons Claw Greatest JFif PHOTOPLAY ON EARTH i V Bill! of a . A Thoto ftat wm fars. un frs Cost dollars In etnploTfd Pie. ! Spectacle live for LISTEN j too long for ing can.be successfully presented in four brimful Installments of five reels each, is adequately demon-starteby "The Mistress of the World," a series of four great Paramount pictures the first of which, "The Dragon's Claw," fea- turing Mia May, will be presented the patrons of the Columbia theater Wednesday. This innovation marks a nev departure in the photoplay worid and screen fans should await its outcome with profound interest. Each of the five reel pictures takes the beholder into a different land, and the action so far as that land is concerned is quite complete. It is e definite objective, and the cumu- lative effect of the four complete sets of action which bind the entire creation together, causes it to be regarded as what is undoubtedly the greatest achievement in the history of the screen. And because it is presented in four successive installments of five reels each, "The Mistress of the World" surely claims the right to be, apart from the lavishness of its production and the ihimensity of us meme, sometning new in tn9 universe. iMa May, a famous European screen star, has a remarkable role in "The Mistress of the World." She goes in search of the fal:.vl treasure of the Queen of Sheba, and in "The Dragon's Claw," sir? begins her quest in China with startling results. She is splendid'y supported and in the action, thousand of persons are employed with consummate directorial sltill by o,Te May, the producer. The picture is presented oy the Hamilton Theatrical corporation. mfl. orer 2 making 10,000 peo. n ?signs of wampum belts for a penny. The use of wampum as money among the coloi,:sts rf New York was continued until 1700 at least, as at that time, accord n to an old record, "the ferriage for each single person from New York to Brooklyn was eight- - stivers in wampum, or a silver two pence." Wampum As Ornaments Messengers from one tribe of Indians to another used strings and belts of wampum as credentials. In time the articles made of wampum came to have great symbolical importance dependent on the colors and arrangement of the beads. They were also used as memory aids to the keepers of the oral traditions of the Indians. While, as a medium of exchange, the dark beads were rated higher than the light and white beads, for symbolical purposes, these latter beads, however, were auspiciout while the dark ones "were inauspt cit us, having to do, in the messages or records, with death, waf, ll mil 11 etc. Wampum was also worn for ornament by the Indians, bota men and women. It was worked into collars, necklaces, ear pend ants, bracelets, armlets, girdle anklets and headdress decoffttfrf! "Wampum pipes,6 long tabula sneii Deaas oi aoout tna ten Kta 01 the common pipe-stean Tee Yee NeenHo Ca Row Emperor of the Six Nation! holding the wampum belt which he presented at an evidence of good faith to his white brothers. (From a scarce engraving.) ( m, belts by them seems to date back only as far as the advent Of the white men. All the belts which have been found are of beads which were undoubtedly made either by as ahells ground inra shapes including the forms man, were aiso in conop one ilmt by the i Utt, "wq IN! At the Princess Wednesday and Thursday. rntiv CLEVER YOUNG ACTORS Those clever young artists Edna Murphy and Johnnie Walker, in Fox pictures, are to pay us a visit, onening at the Princess theater Wednesday and Thursday in "Extra! Extra!" which Is de- scribed as an absorbing love story with van abundance of live action scattered through it. It deals with , n.-t Viu.mltt ii la nau'ami tuir enter-prise as applied to big business and high finance, and from this the ro-mance develops. Among the char-- , OlGrtltUI BRIOOE COMPANY 'U u s acters are editors, reporters, mil-- j " piJOOXUUit lionaires and a very charming girl ELDRED'S MERRY-GO-ROUNAND who is secretary to one of the mil-- j lionaires. One of the incidents FERRIS WHEEL shows a youthful reporter swim-- ! will be in operation every jming out to an anchored yacht in nftprnoon and evenine. Justlhla eal to obtain important facts for his paper. north of the armory ....... ..., (, t... T.ilt.,., nu.. OC, J()(iepll(.011 nnd tie p(.tUre was dl- Prices Ferris Wheel, 10c. irected by Wm. K. Howard. D Merry-(jO-KOUn- d, ? broadeastin? rrazp ranscl several reeimpnU nf flip pyivmentally inclined to join the amateur army. With its characteristic promptness American business has been quick to seize on the adva:it:-g.- j . offered by radio broadcasting. All over the country department stores are planning to erect station, if' possible to aid them in the prob lems of advertising and sellni TIPV PX1)p(.t to beat the mail order man at his own game and gather in trade from the smaller centers, ,,. ........ This nipans fhn, thp merchant must rely more than ever on his home town newspaper and DUt sonie nen into his nublic appeal. However, quite apart from the retailer's point of view, whk'h nu: t inevitably be influencd largely by considerations of public'ty quite a much as of business, certain trad organizations are using or planning to use the radio to disseminate in tlip same manner as the Chicago Hoard of Trade is n:nv ending out crop reports to the farmers. As a consequence, there is now going out regularly a broadcast among members of the silk trade, giving quotations and other up tithe minute market information. Several other lines are using t!'h. method with more or less regular-- ; ity. And the department of com- merce is assisting by broadcasting cabled Information from abroad to those interested, as for instance, a report of automobile conditions; from South America to automobile manufacturers In the I'nited States. - 1 CHAPTER 15 OF "WINNERS OF THE WEST r L'i.Tjienl a. penny, the black beads at four iff! sN Predictions that the sale of parts would fall off as the public took up radio and only complete sets d does not seem to be borne Aniinr- out hv the remirt of 1 Also , n 1 HI ,: o i a f Radio amateurs a!! over the counfuses as the to duplicate General Squier's feat of plugging in a radio receiver on the electric light circuit. The trouble is the sets are not made to take such voltage. General Squier knew what he waa doing when he made the test, and prepared for it. Those who emulate him are working under dif-tferent conditions, and are likp.lv to encounter unpleasant results. The experiment is not recommended in the ordinary home and with the ordinary set. d' nn a nonnnf InvO TT f stained black or white, l'oraipine quills are also said to have been used. Later, wampum was made from shells, sometimes of the fresh-watvarieties, but generally of The best wampum was made from the hearts of the common hard clam of Long Island. While shell beads were early manufactured by the Indians along the Atlantic shore, they were rare West of the Hudson River before the seventeenth century. With the arrival of the colonists, the Indians were supplied with tools which made it possible for them to work a greater variety of shells and to produce more finished work. Paying Fare With Wampum For es wampum was used by the Indians almost solely as money. The making of wampum !' iff far try report blown-ou- t one continuous screen- result of attempting per-hap- II !i: iiunniii That a photoplay creation, TKoator in Prnvn. - ! ' 4 X The Only Properly Ventilated T - . r a-- ; AT THE PROVO THEATRES AR ' si ' s. - than the average person," she said. "They meet more people. To live aright, they must be careful of their personal reactions. They must not play with their emotions. The feeling connected with love and marriage must be kept sacred enshrined, not toyed with. Even a A'luiiuu 10 iaoiii5 i i ni The also employed it in their ceremonies and as a badge of authority. Among other traditions explaining how wampum first came to be use-!- , the Iroquois have one to the effect that once Hiawatha, on a journey, came to a little lake, and was wondering how to cross it when a flock of ducks appeared and settled on the water. hen they flew away, the water had disappeared, and Hiawatha, looking on the dry bed of the lake, saw that it was covered with shells. Of these he made the first wampum. Despite this legend and similar ones, however, it is believed that the earliest wampum was made of small pieces of wood of equal size, er - riYiVaiM r . era-ploy- mi 9. the white aua or with bata't plied by them. For a long time after their af rival wampum was in use at com mon currency among the DutcS colonists. Its value was at one time) four for a penny, and at another time six for a penny. In Massa chusetts, in 1648, wampum, if of good quality, was legal tender to the amount of forty shillings. The white beads were rated at eight for EXPORT DUTIES REMOVED The wood export duty ordinance, 19?2, of Ilritisii Hondras revised the ordinance of 1919, so that the export duties on logwood (."0 cents per ton) and on cedar and muhngony ($2 per 1.000 superfical feetl do n :t apply to local sawn cedar or mahogin planks, any sawn or drassb' boards, scantlings, or Into limn ks w.t ov,.utwllnir Ini'linu umlurp These sawn or dressed woods will be free of export duty. TONIGHT 7:30, 9:13 V"ETNESDAY AND THURSDAY 7:30, 9:15 Frame May jjL in- - "The Loveir -- 99 Aiso Also- LARRY SEMON " in TWO-REE- L COMEDY "THE RENT COLLECTOR" TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY Matinee Wednesday 2:30. May Murray Pea cockAI. ley THURSDAY AND FRIDAY "WHEN DAWN CAME |