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Show THE PROGRESSIVE OPINION tttKJ tillx 1 SfKX$&Ai' U. S. Businessmen Try Io Define Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce Officials Inaugurate Education Campaign Designed to Teach Specific Phase of Democracy. ; By BAUKHAGE v News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D.C. In the last few weeks in Washin-gtonand in London, too, for that matter there has been a crescendo demand for an explanation of our i foreign policy, and it is reported that a similar cry is going up from the soldiers at the front What are we fighting for? Secretary Hull attempted an an-swer not too satisfactory to his critics. There will be further official efforts at elucidation. But at least one brass-tack- s institution whose headquarters is in Washington has come to the conclusion that before we can understand what we are fighting for, we must have a better understanding of what we think we want to fight for. Everybody on the allied side claims that democracy is the common ground upon which all stand but there is considerable difference as to how each one defines democracy. Leaving the broader international aspects for a moment, I want to report a unique campaign of educa-tion 'whose purpose is to find out just what is meant by one specific phase of democracy about which we hear a great deal, namely, "free enterprise." This organized effort is being promulgated by the one group whose members use that term most frequently. And, as their leaders admit, fre-quently don't know its meaning and often do not even subscribe to it the United States Chamber of Com-merce. Before me, I have a document from which I want to quote five lines: , "Said one newspaperman to another: 'I'd fall dead if I found a, businessman who wasn't in favor of free enterprise.' "Replied the other: 'I'd fall dead if I found a businessman Who really wanted it.' " hearty after hearing Dr. Watts de clare: "A city chamber of commerce opposes restrictions which neigh-boring towns sometimes place on deliveries of merchandise by city merchants and truckers. . Yet the same organization is likely to help erect similar bar-riers against or enterprise which might compete with its own industries or merchants. "Businessmen dislike restric-tive policies of farmers and la-bor unions. Yet many of them say that free competition among themselves would be ruinous. So they lobby for meas-ures to restrict business competi-tion and to legalize price-fixin- g by government or by their owp organizations. "Chambers of commerce fre-quently join the clamor for un-economic local projects of the state or federal government on the ground that 'other places are getting theirs; why shouldn't we get ours?' Such chamber of com-merce socialism leads to in-creased tax burdens which cor-respondingly restrict markets and jobs in free enterprise." This is the kind of strong medi cine which the United States Cham ber of Commerce recommends th. average American to absorb so tha "free enterpise" may be under stood. Here is another sample o talk: "Recent corrosions of eco-nomic liberty in the United States are not due to the efforts of a few communists or fascists. Instead they chiefly come from the fact that so many of us care only about our own liberties and are indifferent or even hostile to possession of similar liberties by others of our fellow citizens. In fact, for a momentary gain The document quoted from is not a communist pronouncement it is "The Economic Sentinel" printed by the United States Chamber of Com-merce, and it is just part of an edu-cational effort on the part of this body of businessmen, whose ob-jective is (I'm quoting from another pamphlet published by the Chamber of Commerce) : "To develop in every commu-nity a group of leaders who really understand, and who can explain and who can convinc-ingly advocate the economic sys-tem of free, private, compet-itive enterprise, or to put it another way, American enter-prise." An Important Discovery The campaign of education among the Chamber's own members has been going on for some time but the general public didn't realize what was happening until they heard Eric Johnston, the president of the chamber,' make a speech early in March, copies of which, I am told, are still in great demand. Mr. Johnston criticized labor but for every one of the "seven deadly sins" which he said labor had he confessed a parallel sin committed by business. Johnston, in making this speech and in his subsequent writings and utterances, is practicing what his organization has been preaching in the campaign they are now carry-ing on through the chamber's de-partment of governmental affairs in Washington. They provide a program which their local chapters can follow, tell-ing how to organize discussion groups, which they point out, should include public officials, ministers, professional men and women and believe it or not they strongly recommend the (paid) assistance of a college professor. The purpose is the understanding of that demo-cratic principle free enterprise. It was from the document com-piled by one of these doctors of Dhilosophy, Dr. V. O. Watts, eco-nomic counsel of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, for such group guidance from which I was quoting. For and Against If confession is good for the soul, the soul of business in Olympia, Washington (where the quoted lec-ture was given), must be hale and in higher prices, higher wage rates or government favors, many of us are willing even to sell our own freedom." I wish I might quote further bu space does not permit it for it goe: without saying that real "free enter prise," its virtues and its benefits are expounded in great detail. Bu this is enough to show you a sur prising degree of frankness, a re markable willingness to think. It i: something when the very people whi often are loudest in their accusa tion that "free enterprise" is beinj destroyed by Tom, Dick, Harry John (Lewis) et alia, are willin) to admit that they, themselves, maj be enemies of free, competitiv enterprise. Hitting the Trail When n arose and de clared that lajpor and managemen must "hit the sawdust trail to gether," he started something. Bu actually he was only carrying oi something which his organization I don't know whether he was th chicken or the egg had alread; started. It is a process by whict businessmen (and in businessmen the farmer is included for he is I mighty Important part of the Ameri can free enterprise system) can ge an understanding of what the Ameri can system of economic democracj really is and then see whether the: are really supporting this Amerioai system or not. I have no idea how successful Mr Johnston and his colleagues will bi but I know some of them are en thusiastic enough to believe that hi has rendered a service which make: him eligible as a contender for thi job of keynoter at the Republicai National convention in June am some are even optimistic enough tc provide themselves with currj combs just in case they might b called upon to groom a dark horsi for the presidential race. But politics aside, there is causi for rejoicing when anybody sets ou to try to define at least one phasi of the thing we are supposed to bt fighting for and to do some thinkinj about it. As Leonard Read, gsnera manager of the Los Angeles Cham ber of Commerce, said just a few weeks ago: "We have come to the conclusioi that the best contribution we cai make to the thinking in our coun try is to improve our own thinking.' Amen to that. BRIEFS. . . by Baukhage U. S. expenditures for war pur-poses hit a new high in February $7,808,000,000, as compared with $7,416,000,000 in January, an in-crease cf 5.3 per cent. The cabinet ' of Premier Hideki Tojo has decided to postpone the elections of prefectural town and vil-lage assemblymen for one year until September, 1945. Pamphlets dropped over Berlin by U. S. planes recently were studied with great interest by Berliners who read them in the open street, the Stockholm newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, declared in an article re-ported to the OWI. Vitamin A is obtained from snap- - per shark's liver oil and injected into chocolate bars for Australian and Allied servicemen in the South west Pacific, the Australian News and Information Bureau has , Approximately of the 112,00f people of Japanese ancestry evacu ated from the West coast to'reloca tion centers two years ago are nov living and supporting themselve; outside the centers. From 90,000 to 120,000 gallons o water must be distilled every da; on a modern battleship for use b; the men and machinery. War Manpower commission pre diets that before the end of the sum mer, 700,000 men ' and women wil need to be recruited to work in can neries and food processing plants. The Tokio radio told the Japanesi people that bandages personall; wound by Emperor Hirohito ha been sent to the front in North Chin, and that all the hospitals were si deeply moved by the kindness o the emperor, that the wounded havi sworn to recover and again servi the nation. fsEW0NG CWRCLE I I I' 11 1 I r$ ALL dressed UP in a three-piec- e I II I If I Still ensemble, the youngster oi ml II 5 II one to six years will be as pre'ty I Is ltU--'-J as a picture in this set. The bolero-typ- M l 1 136-5- 2 dress, matching bonnet and Panties are Perfect for spring ' 1 ill if J wear! j q r(J Pattern No. 8584 )s In sizes 1, 2. 3,4 ! j J LJOOOl and 6 years. Size 2 ensemble requires yards material. Due to an unusually large demand as) current war conditions, slightly more Is required in filling orders for a the most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN DEPT. 149 New Montgomery street San Francisco Calll. Enclose 20 cents In coins tor each pattern desired. Pattern No Size Name Address An Apron-Dres- s A GLORIFIED apron - dress ' which laps over in the front ind is tied in back by means of he narrow belt. You can make t in an afternoon. Try it in pink :andy-strip- e material! Pattern No. 8581 is In sizes 38. 38 . 40, 12, 44, 46, 48, 0 and 52. Size 38 requires 174 yards material. 3 yards bias Tim. 5iiM5-WORlB t URGES! StlUB M Hear 'cm Crackle jj mmmm : L "The Gnins ire Great Foods" JtKwiSisp IKK ZZ ' ' ' I Kellogg's Rice Krispies equal the J r LJ whole j ripe grain in nearly all the I ft I P j A D protective food elements declared ui j f essential to human nutrition. fiffP j r SEEEEDDS ' , MAXFIELD FEED &) SEED CO. 174 West Broadway Salt Lake City, Utah Preserve the American Way of Life By Buying United States War Boris ?7 7 i '.,, .. .."'-- -w l .tk HINTS FOR HOME BAKERS V. j Hotand Snowy-Her- e's a Grand Pjssrrf I ButmahihesctheuhswhhFlelschmann'i jj latsl Yea tor XTRA vrtomins ' j ' f SNOW BISCUITS . 2 cups sifted flour f .1 cake Helschmann's Yeasi 1V4 teaspoons sugar,1 cup lukewarm j teaspoon salt. 1 tablespoon melted snortenu j " Sift together flour, sugar Sd salt. Dissolve yeast tol11 U r Add to dry Ingredients. Add melted shortening. V0" Maar until L . Turn out on floured board and knead dough quic'rJy J" biscuit l . ' smooth and elastic. Roll out Va Inch thick. Cut wltn no I cutter. Place on greased pan. Let rise until doubled &boUt 2" , ' hour. Prick top with fork. Bake in hot oven at de Jtm, biscuits. Serve hot witn nom - minutes. Makes 16 two-In- ' jelly or preserves for a supper jdessert treatl JpRfcEN FLEISCHMANN'S RECIpTbOOK ' SZJZ-Jrl- - - NEWLY REVISED FOR WARTIME fX. fi Pf"tP"rd 'r JTO frw copy A--- -- S""1 B"d Basket ' - i SV' f "y recipe, for "dreM , " K '?ta,nd.ardBra"li,OrandCen- - Tom or City CkM-- Sl XfCy Aane. Box 477. New 3 r. 7-- i WEEKLY MEWS AMALYS1S f U. S. Heavy Bombers Blast Balkans, Hammer German Industries in France; Jap Forces Advance in India Theater; Congress Studies New Draft Problems (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. I SOUTH AMERICA: 'Money to Burn South America's huge accumula-tion of gold and foreign exchange, of which dollars form the greatest part, looms as another factor in the promotion of economic activity in the postwar world. Because South American countries have been sending the U. S. and other nations more goods than they have been able to buy back, the U S. department of commerce re-ported they have built up a cash balance of over 2 billion dollars, which will be available for foreign trade when warring powers return to civilian production. In 1943, the department reported, the U. S. bought $1,300,000,000 worth of goods in South America, ' while selling only approximately $800,000.-00- thus leaving the Latin countries with a cash balance of nearly ' PENICILLIN: New Plants Costing $20,000,000, 21 new penicil-lin plants in the U. S. and Canada soon will go into the production of sufficient quantities of the magic drug to meet the needs of 250,000 severe cases and 2,500,000 milder ones of the armed forces. Despite the increase in production, penicillin only will be available to civilians who cannot be treated with the sulfa drugs. New methods have been developed for making penicillin and, costs have dropped 84 per cent within a year, but because the drug is derived from a mold which still must be grown and only small quantities can be re-fined at a time, demands continue to surpass supplies. GREAT BRITAIN: Act Against Strikes Plagued by strikes which resulted in a loss of 1,000,000 working days in March, the British government draft-ed an order under whiph incitement of labor unrest would be a criminal offense. Even as the government consid-ered drastic action, 70,000 miners in Yorkshire remained idle over deduc-tions from their wages for coal for their homes, and over 20,000 ship-yard workers were on strike in Bel-- . fast in protest of the Jailing of air-craft shop stewards for participating in unauthorized walkouts. While the government moved to check the strike wave, the Trades Union Congress warned British la-bor that continuance of work stop-pages would imperil an Allied vic-tory. EUROPE: Aid Russ W-it- Allied troops in Great Brit-ain poised for the jump into western Europe, U. S. bombers took to the air to blast the Balkans in conjunc-tion with the Russian armies' ad-vance into Rumania. In the English Isles, an electrical tenseness was reported as Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's high com-mand was said to have set the zero hour, and Allied planes continued to roar over the channel to blast Nazi defenses and industries in France and Germany. As the Russians edged toward the vital Rumanian oil fields of Ploesti, U. S. bombers thundered over the city from the south to blast railway tank cars filled for the long haul to western Europe. U. S. bombers also dropped explosives on aircraft fac-tories and railroad yards of the Hun-garian capital of Budapest. In Italy, heavy artillery bombard-ments punctuated bitter ground sparring below Rome at Anzio and Cassino. Psychological War Leaving no stone unturned, the Al-lies have been showering Axis Eu-rope with propaganda leaflets as well as bombs in an effort to undermine German morale and encourage un-derground resistance in occupied countries. Flashy leaflets have told the Ger-mans that their surrender during the last war left most of their in-dustries intact, while continued re-sistance in this war will only result in the complete demolition of their factories. Other leaflets have con-demned Nazi officials for failing to provide for evacuation of the civil-ian population from bombed areas. Small newspapers dropped in France have informed the people of guerrilla activity, and of the Allied objectives in bombing Nazi targets in the country, while similar publi-cations dumped over Holland have pointed up America's war effort and the heavy assaults on Berlin. GOP Favorite Republicans boom Gov. Tom Dewey (left) as Wendell Willkie steps out. GOP: Willkie Quits Stormy petrel of the Republican party since 1940, big, blustery Wen-dell Willkie withdrew his bid for. leadership of the GOP, while New York's Gov. Thomas E. Dewey was assuming the position through a pop-ular draft. Willkie' s sudden demise and Dew-ey's ascension were occasioned by progressive Wisconsin's elections for delegates to the Republican national convention in Chicago, June 26. Al-though Willkie actively campaigned through the state, he failed to win even one delegate, while Dewey, who had asked that his name be with-drawn from the election, won 18. Since Wisconsin has long been not-ed for its liberalism, Willkie delib-erately selected it as the grounds for a test fit Republican sentiment, basing his bid for delegates on a program for heavier war sacrifices and extensive U. S. cooperation in world affairs. DRAFT: 26-2- 9 Next Both selective service and con-gress struggled over the problem of supplying the military services with younger men and maintaining rec-ord war production, with continued emphasis on shifting in unim-portant work to essential occupa-tions. Referring to the decision to only defer key industrial and agricultural workers in the 18 to 25 age group, Draft Director Lewis B. Hershey de-clared that the same policy would next be extended to the 26 to 29 class. In seeking to channel into necessary work, the house military affairs committee called upon selec-tive service to obtain a list of essen-tial occupations and manpower short-age areas for use in guiding the employment of 4Fs, who would face induction into a labor battalion if failing to take vital jobs. State Inductions ' With 1,265,000 men, New York is scheduled to lead the states in the number of soldiers and sailors to be inducted by July 1, with Pennsylva-nia with 904,000, and Illinois with 700,000, ranking second and 'third. Other states with high totals in-clude California with 667,000; Ohio with 610,000; Texasrith 554,000, and Michigan with 452,000. Nevada with 11,000 is scheduled to contribute the smallest amount of men, with Wyoming and Delaware with 23,000, the next lowest. PACIFIC: Eye Stilwell While U. S. bombers continued to pummel Jap defense outposts in the Pacific, British troops strived des-perately to check the enemy's stub-born advance toward the American operated Bengal-Assa- railroad, 80 miles within India. Working over the whole Jap out-post system in the Pacific, navy fli-ers pounded the enemy's storage and defense installations on Truk in the Carolines, while army airmen re-peated heavy attacks on the Nips' supply base of Hollandia in New Guinea, feeder point for barges op-erating along the coastline. Seeking to cut the Assam-Beng-railway feeding Lieut. Gen. Joseph Stilwell's U. troops fight- - ing to carve out a new supply road to China in northern Burma, the : Jap attack in India was concentrat-ed in the nigged hills above Imphal. AGRICULTURE: Egg Supports To bolster sagging egg markets, War Food Administrator Marvin Jones told a group r of n sen-- ; I ators led by Sena- - ! tor Wherry .(Neb.), jt- I that WFA planned I to support prices by " ' I purchases of from V. ' I 27 to 32 cents per zf I dozen in distressed 1:f j. j areas where han- - j dlers paid produc-ers a 'minimum of Sen. Wherry 26 cents a dozen. Declaring that the WFA's biggest problem was disposal of the eggs, Jones called upon the congressmen to support legislation for sale of perishable commodities below parity levels. At present, per-ishables cannot be sold at such prices until they evidence detriora-tio-with the result that rot often sets in, Jones said. If the civilian population would eat one more egg per week per person, the surplus egg problem would be largely solved, Jones, added. Although aaquate storage space has been found for frozen eggs, Jones said, production has been in-fluenced by manpower problems. Wherever possible, the government has increased its contracts for the product, he said. , Canadian Oats Seeking to relieve the tight feed situation, the War Food administra-tion has arranged for the importa-tion of 20,000,000 bushels of Canadian oats by May 15 via rail and the Great Lakes. Under the plan, U. S. railroads would immediately send 75 cars daily into the Canadian interior for the grain, with 25 more to be sent later, if domestic needs for the cars are not pressing. The rails would carry the oats to Duluth, whence they would be routed to Chicago and To-ledo by boat. From 15 to 20 days generally would be required for the round trip, officials estimated. Because competitive bidding be-tween the two cities would bring Canadian grain above the U. S. price ceiling, the Commodity Credit cor-poration might purchase the oats directly from Canada for resale ai lower prices in the U. S. TEttrACT ooooooooo VNNNNA Nine of 10 British women in the age group are In the armed forces or war work. ITALY: Political Unanimity Liberated Italy's six parties were prepared to participate in a new government when King Victor Emmanuel abided by his re-ported decision of retiring as actual ruler and designating his son, Prince Humbert, as his lieutenant to repre-sent his interests.. In settling this knotty problem of at least temporarily preserving the institution of the monarchy while still satisfying the demands of the that the king get out, the king's advisors fell back on an old precedent in Italian history. Although the Communists who are reportedly .vying for control of the defense and police ministries in any new Italian government, recently de-clared their intention of cooperat-ing with the king, other elements held fast to their conten-tion that his removal was requisite to the establishment of a strong democratic administration in the state. U. S. TREASURY: Record Receipts Boosted by receipts of $5,161,000,000 for quarterly income tax payments, collected $6,573,000,000 in March, but expenditures also were at a record level of $8,525,-000,00- 0, leaving a deficit of $1,952 -- 000,000. Of the heavy expenditures in March, $7,726,000,000 went directly for war activities, topping the November, 1943, peak of $7 541 -- 000,000. . During March, $268,000,000 in war bonds was redeemed, representing 38 per cent of the month's sale of $708,000,-000- . Plans for the Fifth War Loan drive to get under way June 12 call for a goal of $16,000,000,000, about 0 less than was actually raised during the Fourth campaign. Of the total, individuals will be asked to purchase $6,000,000,000 worth of bonds, more than they bought dur-ing the last drive. TRAIN BANDITS In shades of Mexico's more turbu-lent days of three decades ago, Mex-ican highwaymen have gone back into business, concentrating on trains bringing back native laborers enriched with hard earned wages from six months of agricultral work in the U. S. Armed with machine guns and pis-tols, 60 bandits reportedly held up a train in Sinaloa province, hoistins $100,000 from 600 homebound workers and making a clean getaway. NEW FOOD Food made from blood drawn from living animals is being fed to Russian hospital patients with grat-ifying results, it is reported. The blood is dried and powdered, then mixed with such ordinary items as porridge, spaghetti, crackers, cocoa and coffee. For a long time blood of dead ant mals was used, but the blood of liv ing animals is much richer in sug ars salts, phosphorus and vitamins Cows, sheep, camels and reindeei were bled for the tests. HIGHLIGHTS . . . th e week's news BUTANE FOR AUTOS: A Los An-geles man charged with installing equipment in automobiles to permit them to use unrationed butane gas instead of gasoline, has been indict-ed by the grand jury. Butane is a material in the production of syn-thetic rubber. Some equipment was .sold for as high as $1,000. At least 40 persons have bought the outfits, it is alleged. GLOBAL AIRLINES: New air routes, established under the pres-sure of war, will reduce distances between points in the United States and foreign countries. Many of the routes will pass over the Arcti cir-cle, trimming off thousands of miles. It will be possible, for instance, to fly 7,700 miles from New York to Chungking, China, by way of the polar route, instead of 11,700 miles by way of San Francisco and Hono-lulu. New equipment permits pas-senger planes to travel safely at temperatures as low as 60 degrees below zero. PARALYSIS: A vaccine to pre- vent infantile paralysis may be in process of development at the Mayo foundation in Minnesota. Dr. Carl Rosenow states that he has identi-fied the organism, which he says is a streptococcus in one stage of its growth. He is working on a serum prepared from streptococci and has had some success in making clinical tests. SOUVENIRS: Silverware, nap-kins, fringe from curtains, tassels almost anything that can be sneaked out, is taken from the White House by souvenir-seekin- g guests, thn housekeeper of the executive man-sion reveals. Rationing of small articles has made the matter a real problem. FARM MACHINERY: Quotas of farm machinery that will be allowed for Canada have beeiv decreased slightly. Among items orKihe low-ered schedule are potato planters power take-of- f corn binders, and feed mixers. i Pyramids Are of Shells Although Egypt's famed 'pyra-mids are made of blocks of stone, the stones themselves are com-posed of the shells of tiny animals, taken from a quarry in a land which had been under the sea many ages before. The great Sphinx near Cairo :ame from limestone of the same type but was not built up from blocks. It was formed chiefly from a mass of stone which stood at the spot where it was carved. Japanese Subjects Outside of their homeland, the Japs today hold territories having a total population of 310,000,000 or 43 per cent more than the 217,C'0,-00- persons in the lands invaa;i or dominated by the Nazis. |