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Show I ' PROGRESSIVE OPINIOBT By MARIE H. MUDKA Released by Western Newspaper Union. THE ld boy pulled up on the marble stool to look into the glass case. As with us, it was his first visit to Washington and he had to see everything. He let out a squeal of surprise, "Mother! " he said, looking up to see where she was. "It's all gold. Is it a treasure?" ' We all laughed, but the policeman stationed 'there on the west gallery of the main floor of the Congres-sional library bent down to the small boy. " 'Deed it is, Sonny. It's so price-less that there is a special guard like me here every hour of the day. Do you know what they are, Sonny?" "Nope," said the boy, his eyes growing larger. "They're the birth certificates of this nation. That one up in the cabinet on the wall is the Declara-tion of Independence and this one in the case below is-t-he Constitution of the United States." The guard pronounced the words with so much pride that they sent a thrill through us listeners and we edged closer to see the golden docu-ments. In this shrine in the Congressional library In Washington are preserved the "birth certificates of this nation" the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. matic corp's. The celebration began with an industrial parade in which 12,000 people demonstrated the prog-ress made by the United States in the century of its existence. In the evening Governor Beaver of Phila-delphia held a reception in honor of the official guests. On the second day, 30,000 members of state and federal military organi-zations paraded in review before President Grover Cleveland. At night the President held a public reception in the Academy of Music attended by thousands. Cleveland Is Speaker. On the third day, the real anni-versary of the Constitution, exer-cises were tield in Independence square before the building where the Constitution was drafted. Presi-dent Cleveland made an address in which he concluded: As we look down the past century to the origin of our Constitution, as we contemplate Its trials and triumphs, as we realize how completely the principles upon which it is based have met every naUonal peril and every national how need, devoutly should we confess with Franklin, "God governs in the affairs of men"; and how solemn should be the reflection that to our hands is com-mitted this ark of the people's covenant, and that, ours Is the duty to shield it from impious hands. In the 20th century the anniver-sary has attracted general attention throughout the country. Various rad-ical groups, small but noisy, began to agitate for the overthrow-o-f American institutions. Public-spirite- d men decided that citizens ought to be more fully instructed in ft, nature of the Constitution and j, guarantees of their freedom. So j, 1914 the National Security km was organized to promote this in. struction. The league prepared, catechism of the Constitution, cir. culating hundreds of copies, it urged schools to devote more time to the teaching of the Constiiutioj and observance of the celebration ol September 17. By 1919 there were active commit, tees working in 41 states with chair, men from: presidents of state bar associations; presidents of colleges; chairmen of school boards; presi! dents of historical societies; stall branches of Sons of the American Revolution and other distinguished citizens. Under the guidance ol tht league. Constitution day was o-bserved by 22 states and a hundred cities in that year. The National Security league tried to counteract the effect of attacks upon the Constitution by radicals out of office. In 1934 these radicals charged the Demoqratic President and congress with setting up a go-vernment disregarding the Constit-ution, a kind which the radicals ol previous years had advocated. At that time measures were adopted to overcome the effects of financial panic in the fall of 1929 and the co-nsequent business depression. To Save Our Liberties. Prominent Republicans and De-mocrats organized the American Li-berty league to use all means in its ' power to prevent the destruction ol those liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. The Constitution day anniversary in 1934 was observed or distinguished orators of both pa-rties calling legislation for the relief of business as subversive of the Constitution. Meetings were held u-nder the auspices of the SAR. DAB, YMCA, American Legion and other organizations. Some speakers d-efended the recovery legislation u constitutional and said they had i profound respect for the Constit-ution as the critics of such legislation. This difference of opinion on fund-amental issues made the 1934 cel-ebration more notable than any b-efore. It demonstrated, too, the rights Americans were privileged to exe-rcise under this same Constitution. In more recent years there is i growing tendency to have "I Am an American Day" on September H as an especially appropriate way lo celebrate the Constitution day. Those who become of age before that day and any aliens who have been naturalized are welcomed as new citizens of these United Stales by their local community officers. The pledge and national anthem gi-ven by these new citizens has such fervor that it makes one conscious anew of what it means to be an American. Few Changes. Perhaps this year's celebration of Constitution day, just two month! before a national election, would be a good time to look up the Constit-ution in any encyclopedia and sin its articles. Drafted by 55 s from 13 states, who, wortoS four months in secret session, often violently disagreed, the Constitution now in Its 157th year, has had fe changes in its text. Among all tM constitutions in the world it oldest and yet is well adapted the expanding needs of the resourc-eful American people even in toe complex civilization. Men like ington, Franklin, Hamilton and Ma ison had a hand in shaping it and t cause of their divergent views co-mpromised to make a "more per'e Union" possible. You will learr itn it confers powers upon the fco government and again exerts lim" tions upon both state and centr governments. hurled W Today with accusations presidential candidates rml loudly in our ears, a quiet conten plation of the original Constitution almost a must for every c1,'zen; is a good way to celebrate tion day this year. Under Protective Glass. "See, they're specially lighted and kept under a protective glass coated with a yellow chemically treated film so the parchments won't fade. Here," speaking to all of us. "Look at John Hancock's signature. Writ-ten big and bold so the king of Eng-land might read it without his spec-tacles." "Have these documents always been here?" asked a man in the group. "No, they've always been at the seat of government. At first that was New York. When Philadelphia became the capital, they were taken there. After congress fixed upon Washington as a permanent capi-tal, they were moved to this city." "And been here ever since?" someone asked. "No," the guard explained. "For a short time when the British cap-tured Washington during the War of 1812 they were removed to Virginia far enough away to be safe. They were preserved in a vault but in 1921 President Harding ordered them placed here." "Why are some of the names rubbed off?" asked the boy; We looked closer and saw a few signatures somewhat obliter-ated. "They tell a story about that but no one can prove it. When the Brit-ish attacked the city of Wasnington in 1814, these parchments were for-gotten in the confusion that followed. Then a clerk of the state depart-ment, in whose custody they were, rolled them up in a hurry, shoved them into linen bags, and fled to Georgetown and then to Leesburg. It is said that on his journey the ink on the surface flaked off from this rough handling. Now will you remember," he asked the little boy, "all those things on September 17, Constitution day? That's the date ori which the Constitution was finished way back in 1787." Philadelphia Celebrates. Not having such an introduction to the origin of our Constitution, most people do not even know when Con-stitution day is. But the Philadel-phian- s have observed it with grea- ter regularity than any other place in America. Perhaps this city is conscious of the distinction it holds in having Independence Hall, the building in which both these docu-ments were drafted. In 1887 Phila-delphia held a national centennial celebration on September 15, 16 and 17, arranged by a Constitutional Centennial commission. This com-mission included representatives from each state and territory ap-pointed by the governors; the Presi-dent and his cabinet; governors and other officers from each state and territory, and members of the diplo- - CONSTITUTIONAL MQ 9 AMENDMENT A JOINT RESOLUTION PRO-POSING TO AMEND SECTION 9, ARTICLE VI, OF THE CONSTI-TUTION OF UTAH RELATING TO COMPENSATION OF MEM-BERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. Be it resolved by the Legislature of the State of'Utah, two-thir- of all members elected to each of the two houses voting i favor thereof: Section 1. That it is proposed to amend Section 9, Article VI, Constitution of the State of Utah, to read. Section 9. The members of the Legislature shall receive such com-pensation and mileage as the Leg-islature may provide, not exceed-ing $300.00 per year, and ten cents per mile for the distance necessar-ily traveled going to and returning from the place of meeting on the most usual route, and they shall receive no other pay or perquisite. Section 2. The secretary of state is hereby directed to submit this proposed amendment to the electors of the State of Utah at the next general election in the man-ner as provided for by Article 23, Section 1, Constitution of Utah. Section 3. If adopted by the electors of the state, this amend-ment shall take effect the first day of January, 1945. I, E. E. Monson, Secretary of State of the State of Utah, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, trw, and correct copy cf the constitutional amendment pro-posed by the first special session of the 25th Legislature of 1944, as the same appears of record in my office. In witness whereof, I have here-unto set my hand and affixed the great seal of the State of Utah, -- is 10th day .of August, 1944. E. E. MONSON, Secty. of State. ftlEN, KNOW YE THE TRUTH! If we do not make the peace this time, here is what will come to pass. "The destructive power of electronics, the lethal re-sources of modern chemistry, have scarcely been tapped. Within a decade or less they will be ready to visit horror on man in new and almost unimagined forms. The splitting of the atom, already achieved in the laboratory, will release colossal energy to further enhance wholesale annihilation. War will become a gigantic clash of mighty technological monsters, striking from the heart of one nation directly at the heart of another, perhaps half way around the world, with a fury and destructiveness that will make all past con-flicts including World War II seem trivial by contrast. The aim will be total annihilation. Therefore I say that we simply cannot aford to be lazy or cynical about peace plans if we want to survive if we want our children to survive." Poor, puny man, everywhere in rebellion, everywhere out of harmony, everywhere divided and mired in war, poverty, ignorance and misery. Just think what would happen if nature turned crazy like man. Destiny Magazine directs read-ers to ponder what would happen if the sun rebelled, if the stars went out of their courses and the moon failed the earth; if the flowers and the grass and the fruits and grains should disobey the law of their being; if they, like humans, should fight each other, kill each other, and contend among themselves for food to sustain life. All the universe would become paralyzed and life die out. "Wonder," says the maga-zine, "if the Most High will suffer much longer one element, rebellious man, to remain the one blot, the one miserable exception, the one discord in the majestic order of the "mi-vers- " "' "The capitalist class has managed society, and its man-agement has failed ignobly, deplorably, horribly. The capitalist class had an opportunity which was vouchsafed no other class in the world. It mastered matter, organized the machinery , of life and might have made, possible a wonderful era for mankind in which no creature could cry aloud because it had not enough to eat and wherein there would have been every opportunity ,for spirit uplifting. Here was the God-give- n chance, and the capitalist failed. Jack London. CONSTITUTIONAL 1 AMENDMENT 1 A JOINT RESOLUTION PRO-POSING AN AMENDMENT TO SECTION 10 OF ARTICLE VII, AND TO SECTIONS 2, 3, 5, 6 and 12 OF ARTICLE VIII OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF UTAH RELATING TO THE SUPREME AND DISTRICT COURTS, HOW CONSTITUTED, TERMS OF OFFICE, QUALIFI-- I CATIONS OF JUDGES, JURIS-DICTION, JUDGES PRO TEM-PORE, CHANGE OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS BY THE LEGISLA-TURE, SELECTION OF JUDICI-ARY AND EFFECT. ON INCUM-BENT JUDGES. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Utah, two-thir- of all members elected to each of the two houses voting in favor there-of: Section 1. It is proposed to amend Section 10 of Article VII of the Constitution of the State of Utah, as follows: Sec. 10 The governor shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the senate, appoint all state and district officers whose offices are established by this con-stitution, or which may be created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for. If, during the recess of the senate, a vacancy occurs in any state or district office, the gover-nor shall appoint some fit person to discharge the duties thereof un-til the next meeting of the senate, when he shall nominate some per-son to fill such office. If the office of secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-genera- l, or superintendent of public in-struction be vacated by death, re-signation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, and the ap-pointee shall hold his office until his successor shall be elected and qualified as may be by law pro-vided. Section 2. That it is proposed tn Ampnri Rprtinns 9. 3 5 fi and 12 Each judge of a district court shall be at least twenty-fiv- e years of age, an active member of the bar in good standing, learned in the law, a resident of the state of Utah three years next preceding his se-lection, and shall reside in the dis-trict for which he shall be selected. Any district judge may hold a dis-trict court in any county at the request of the judge of the district, and,- upon a request of the gover-nor it shall be his duty to do' so. Any cause in the district court may be tried by a judge pro tem-pore, who must be a member of the bar, sworn to try the cause, and, agreed upon by the parties, or their attorneys of record. Sec. 6. The legislature may change the limits of any judicial district, or increase or decrease the number of districts, or' the judges thereof. No alteration or increase shall have the effect of removing a judge from office. In every additional district establish-ed, a judge or judges shall be selected as provided in section 3 of this article. Sec. 12. The judges of the su- - preme and district courts shall re-- ceive at stated times compensation for their services, which shall not be increased or iiminished during the time for which they are se-lected. Section 3. The secretary o f state is directed to submit this proposed amendment to the elec-tors of the state of Utah at the next general election in the man-ner as provided for by article 23, section I, Constitution of Utah. Section 4. If adopted by the electors of the state, this amend-ment shall take effect the first day of January next succeeding a determination by the board of state canvassers of the result of the elec-tion designated in Section 3 hereof. I, E. E. Monson, Secretary of State of the State of Utah, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, true, and correct copy of the constitutional amendment pro-posed by the regular session of the 25th Legislature of 1943, as the same appears of record in my of-fice. In witness whereof, I have here-unto stt my hand and affixed the great seal of the State of Utah, this 10th day of August, 1944. E. E. MONSON, Secty. of State. of article VIII of the constitution of the" state of Utah, as follows: j Sec. 2. The supreme court shall consist of five judges, which num-ber may be increased or decreased by the legislature, but no alter or increase shall have the ef-fect of removing a judge from of-fice. A majority of the judges con-stituting the court shall be neces-sary to form a quorum or render a decision. If a justice of the su-preme court shall be disqualified from sitting in a cause before said court, the remaining judges shall call a district judge to sit with them on the hearing of sucS cause. Every judge of the supreme court shall be at least thirty years of ! age, an active member of the bar, in good standing, learned in the I law, and a resident of the state of Utah for the five years next pre-- ceding his selection. The judge having the shortest term to serve, not holding his office by selec--I tion to fill a vacancy before ex-- i piration of a regular term, shall be the chief justice, and shall pre-side at all terms of the supreme court, and in, case of his absence, the judge, having in like manner,, the next shortest term, shall pre-- - side in his stead. Sec. 3. Judges of the supreme court and district courts shall be selected for such terms and in such manner' as shall be provided by law, provided, however, that selection shall be based solely upon consideration of fitness for office without regard to any partisan po-litical considerations and free from influence of any person whomso-ever, and provided further that the method of electing such judges in effect when this amendment is adopted shall be followed until changed by law. Sec. 5. The state shall be divid-ed into seven judicial districts, for ' each of which, at least one judge shall be selected as hereinbefore provided. Until otherwise provided by law, a district court at the county seat of each county shall be held at least four times a year. All civil and criminal business arising in any county, must be tried in such county, unless a change of venue be taken, in such cases as may be provided by law. A PICTURE OF THE WEALTH OF THE U. S. Here, in plain, simple terms, is the picture of the wealth your wealth our wealth, of these United States. Study it so it can never again be said that you do not know the magic of your country's resources. Read and ponder. We had this wealth when we had 12,000,000 unemployed. We had it before we went to war. We have it now, and yet we fear for. depression and unem-ployment after the war. It belongs to ALL THE PEOPLE! 500,000,000 acres of forest. 100,000,000 acres of coal, iron, copper and mineral lands. 34,000,000 acres of rivers and lakes filled with fish. 100,000,000 acres of urban territory in various stages of development. . 316,000 oil wells. 6,500,000 farms. 185,000,00 horses, mules, cows, sheep. 500,000,000 chickens and fowls of all descriptions. 16,000 towns and cities. 37,000,000 buildings, factories, warehouses, power plants, stores, schools, churches, libraries, theatres, hospitals and homes. 127,00,000 major machines, such as locomotives, tur-bines, motor cars, tractors, trucks, lathes, looms, etc. Greatly added to by the war. 700,000,000 installed horse power, or almost five horse power standing ready to serve every man, woman and child in the country. 2,000,000 miles of rural roads. 750,000 miles of surfaced, paved, highways. 250,000 miles of rail roads. 59,000 miles of navigable rivers. 1,000,000,000 (billion) acres of arable land, 8 1-- 3 acres for every man, woman and child in America. 736,000 miles of pipe line, piping gas and oil from vast reservoirs. 160,000 miles of electric transmission lines, carrying and distributing power. 88,000,000 miles of telephone, telegraphy and cable lines to carry communication. Of course the leaders, American and British, aim to save the old svstem. In this they will utterly fail. They can no more saye the old system, with its all-ti- record of wrong-doin- g, than they can empty the ocean with a spoon. They are being driven by an irresistible force to a destiny that they know not of, and they will be surprised when they see Babylon swept from under their feet and the path made straight and clean for the great day THE AUTHOR Editor's Note: This article won first prize in a contest, sponsored by , - 1. J 'tjj. Western Newspa-per Union at the Fifth Annual Writers' Confe-rence at North-western universi-ty in July, 1944, for the "best fea-ture article ap-propriate to the observance of Constitnti o n day." It was writ-ten by Mrs. Ma-rie H. Mudra. a Marie H. Mudra teacher in" a Chi-cago high school. Mrs. Mudra is the daughter of an immigrant Bohemian shoemaker and, although born in this country she did not learn to speak English until she was six years old. She has achieved distinction as a writer having won several contests in short story and feature writing in the Mid die West. She is the mother of a son who recently was accepted for CAA training and who hopes to be- come an army aviator. UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, LOGAN, UTAH The Only Land Grant College In Utah The 56th Year Begins Monday, Sept. 25 Complete course offered in following 7schools Agriculture Ar.s and Sciences Home Economics Commerce Education Engineering Forestry and Range Industries and Trades America needo trained leadership for the years of peaee ahead Every high school graduate or any itulent eigible for advanced study should consider it a patriotic duty to prepare for the future "UTAH STATE." distinguished am ng American education- - I al institutions, is par icularly equipped and qualified to train young men and women to solve the problems we now face UTAH SIA E AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE Write to the President's Office for a Catalogue or Additional Information i i . n-- - '!TP lmenisi' Which All of Us Should Kno and historian, once wrote: "People ask me, 'What is Ameri-canism?' I say, 'Read its five gos-pels the briefest gospels ever penned.' " "These are the five gospels: The Mayflower Compact, the Declara-tion of Independence, the Constitu-tion of the United States, the fare--, well address of George Washington and Lincoln's second inaugural. I "You can read them all, every one of them, in less than half an hour and any man, or woman, or any boy or girl, who will read them will have the founda-tion, the climax, the beginning and the end, the heart, the limbs and the brain of true Americanism. "And I like to feel that all these people who are living here for our country is the only thing, after ail-t- hat every time they think of any- thing public, every time they think of this nation, for which all tf them i are glad to go out and die, " " be-t-hat in that thought there soun the strains of the fife and drum Bunker Hill; that in their victory, glorious and beautiful, never sua fail the heroism of Valley TO and aU that is sacred, all tM dear to our hearts, through our ditions of the great men and n women, who have lived and need and died for this republic its flag, shall still continue in hearts and in our brains- - |