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Show I pnoeiitKSSivE opinion Vol. 8, No. 36 - - Sept. 22, 1944 j British City People, Moved to Country to Escape ! Robot Bombs, Assist in Harvest of Bumper Crops I J I ft if i Toke Is on Hitler As He Unwittingly j Aids Food Program Whatever insane plans were behind the Nazi robot bomb- -' ing, certainly helping the Eng-lish farmer was not one of them. Yet that is what has happened. As the harvest season of 1944 approached, it seemed certain that there would be an acute shortage of farm la-- I borers. In other years the army had been able to assist with the harvest, but the army is now busy in France and elsewhere. There are few young men left in England. The Women's Land army has helped all through the war years, but this year it was al-ready fully employed. The situation looked pretty bad with the richest harvest since the war and not enough help to bring it in. Then along came the robot bomb, or "doodlebug," striking at London and the surrounding coun-ties. The doodlebug does not have the penetrating qualities of earlier blitz bombs, but it has a blast effect that covers a lot more territory. During attacks houses are damaged , at the rate of 700 an hour. ' So the evacuation of London was i begun all over again. One million women, children and older men have already left the city, and the second million has started. Where are they going? Straight to the farms where they are helping to reap the wheat, gather the corn, flax and other crops. Evacuation is an old story to most of these people. They are the ones who left during the blitz attacks of 1940 and '41 and who returned to their homes in 1942 and '43. This time many of them do not have homes to which to return. Even with the crews of plasterers, plumb-ers, tilers, etc., who follow along after an attack to make "first aid" repairs, the great majority of homes are beyond repair. It is not surpris-- ! ing then that many former towns-- j people plan to stay on farms after the war. ' Intend to Stay on Farm. In fact, ever since the war began, quite a number of people have been ' going on farms with the intention j of staying. They spend a period of apprenticeship with a farmer first, and usually make good 'farmers. Even before the war the motor bus had fairly revolutionized farm life and took away some of its terrors for townspeople. There have never been many automobiles in England because of their high cost, and prac-tically none in farming communi-ties. Bicycles have always been the chief means of transportation. The British equivalent to the American county fair is the "walk-over," an annual fall event. Be-cause of the shorter distances in their share in shaping the plans of the government, for the ministry of agriculture consults regularly witk the National Farmers' union, the workers' unions, and the Central Landowners' association. Before the outbreak of war in 1939 the minister of agriculture had called for an increase in the amount of land under the plow. In the spring of 1939 a subsidy of two pounds sterling ($8) an acre was granted for the plowing-u- p of seven-yea- r grassland and bringing it into cleanliness and fertility, and imme-diately after war broke out, each farmer was asked to plow up rough-ly 10 per cent of his unplowed land. Further financial grants are now made in order to encourage the pro-duction of certain crops and to dis-courage the production of others. Payments of four pounds ($16) per acre are made on crops of rye and wheat harvested, and ten pounds ($40) per acre on potatoes. The Farm Survey. However, much of the land has had to be reclaimed to offset losses of land to military and industrial use. Therefore, it was extremely important that the best possible use be made of each farm acre, and in 1941 the Farm Survey was initiated. This survey consisted of: (1) a "farm record" for each farm, con-taining information under the fol-lowing heads: conditions of tenure and occupation; natural state of the farm, including its fertility; the ade-quacy of its equipment; the degree of infestation with weeds or pests; the adequacy of water and electrici-ty supplies; the management con-dition of the farm, and its wartime plowing-u- p record. The information on the management condition of the farm is summarized in the grading of the farm as: (A) well farmed, (B) moderately farmed, and (C) badly farmed. (2) The complete 1941 June 4 cen-sus return of the farm including all the usual statistics of crop acreages and live stock numbers together with supplementary information, asked especially for Farm Survey pur-poses, on length of occupation and rent of the farm. (3) A plan of the farm showing its boundaries and the fields contained in it, on six-inc- h or 12V4-inc- h scale. The Agricultural Executive com-mittees have the right of entry on all farms and the power, which it has not been necessary to use often, to remove inefficient farmers. They can compel farmers to follow their directions, and have the power to take over badly farmed land with the consent of the minister of agri-culture. They may then rent this land to suitable tenants, or farm and improve it themselves. The land tak-en over is acquired at value when possession is taken, and within five years after the war it must be of-fered back to the original owner at a price determined by agreement or arbitration if the minister of agri-culture believes the land will be properly managed and cultivated. Today a trip through the English countryside is a refreshing experi-ence. Wheat acreage has increased from a million acres in 1939 to 3,200,- - Making a "V for Victory" symbol with his pitchfork, George Casely, an English farmer, defies Hitler and his bombs. "He needn't think he can starve us out," said George, who op-erates a re dairy farm In Devon. England is the most highly mech-anized farming country in Europe. The big tractor works that had con-templated closing down early in 1939 were given a contract by the govern-ment to produce all the tractors they could. Farm machinery was also shipped from Canada, Austra-lia and the United States. In order to make the best use of available machinery, plowing con-tractors were helped to extend their operations, and farmers were asked to help each other. In some coun-ties implement depots, where a farmer could hire an implement for a few shillings a day, were set up. There has been a remarkable in-crease in the actual number of ma-chinery of different types employed. The number of tractors has about tripled, cultivating instruments have increased about two and a half times the prewar level. Harvesting ma-chinery, however, has not shown a comparable increase, but the intro-duction of improved types, such as the combined harvester-threshe- r, to-gether with its greater use over longer hours per day and for longer periods, have helped. Farm wages have almost doubled since the war and it is hoped to keep a considerable part of the in-crease after the war. This is im-portant because tenant farming in England is widespread most of the farmers do not own the land they work. They are furnished homes with garden plots as part of their wages, and usually live on one farm all their lives. The wages are reached by agreement between the National Farmers' Union and the Agricultural Farm Laborers' Union. Britain Feeding Self Now. Before the war Britain was only 40 per cent in food, and imported 8 million tons of ani-mal feed annually. Perhaps this was the basis for Hitler's decision WAwuwgyyii " n; n ii im.iij irin ihjiiiiu hi ... Tractors, many of them from the United States, rip up the grasslands as the British English determinedly set to work to raise as much of their own food as possible. At the outbreak of the war in 1939, the British isles produced less than 40 per cent of their food. By 1944, they were raising 70 per cent. England, the farmers go in groups from one farm to another comparing crops and produce. They gather for tea in the afternoon and discuss the methods of cultivation and argue over breeds of cattle, etc. There is quite a bit of interest in different types of fertilizer and many have been tried. The farms are as a rule much smaller than those in the U. S. in fact, all distances in England are shorter than in this country since the whole of Britain is about as large as Illinois and Indiana put to-gether. The English people are in good spirits, ' notwithstanding the dread-ful bombings, and are looking for-ward to enjoying the fruits of peace. Oddly enough, the farm animals around London were more upset than the people. The doodlebugs often fall or are shot down over open country in the counties of Kent, Sussex, Essex and Middlesex, all on the channel coast. The pows par-ticularly were upset by the crazy contraption and didn't produce as well as they had. However, it didn't take long for them to become ad-justed, as animals especially cows usually do, and they are now up to their previous records. The way city people have adapted themselves to farm life is remark-able. Town girls who had never been near a farm before are now doing dairy work with a zest. They are happy and look wonderful. They are housed in brick buildings of nature where they eat in communal dining rooms that are nicely furnished. More Machinery in Use. There has been a decided in-crease in the use of farm machinery since the outbreak of war. Today not to invade England; it looked easier to bomb and starve the coun-try into submission. But while the bombs were drop-ping in London and the seacoast towns, the British farmers were busy plowing up the grasslands.' In 1939 there were 19 million acres of these grasslands, and seven million acres have now been brought under culti-vation. This is against two million acres of grassland plowed up in World War I. Today Britain is rais-ing more than 70 per cent of its food. The general policy governing agri-cultural production is laid down by the cabinet, and the minister of ag-riculture is responsible for carry-ing out th'e government's plans. The execution of these plans is in the hands of war agricultural executive committees, who in turn appoint dis-trict committees of local farmers. Farmers' organizations, land owners and agricultural workers all have 000 in 1944. Potato acreage was 700,-00- 0 in 1939 and is now 1,400,000 acres. Milk production has increased in consumption total from 363 mil-lion gallons in the year ending March, 1939, to 1 billion 40 million gallons in the year ending March 1944. After two lessons in one genera-tion, the British farmer is deter-mined that the land must not go out of cultivation again. Whether his de-sire will be realized or whether Brit-ain will return to the policy of im-porting food as a balance to manu-factured goods exported, is one of the problems of peace. Perhaps the two can be correlated with the in-creased use of farm products for manufacturing purposes. In any event, the farmers of Eng. land have joined hands with all the farmers of the Allied nations to show that this most peaceful of occupa- tions can become a mighty imple- ment of war. KNOW YE THE TRUTH! Says our good friend, Howard Rand, editor of Destiny: "Palestine is prophetically destined to become the battle ground in the final and greatest bids for world rulership." The fate of the world is to be decided there. Very shortly all nations will steer their course toward that land for the final and last stage of this war. The victory over Germany and Japan will be but a preliminary step. The fateful days ahead will see plenty of internal strife in the nations and during that time certain aggressors will strike straight for Palestine in accordance with the Lord's word, "I will gather all nations against Jerusalem." A commentator says England is preparing to send troops into the Balkans to see that the Russians do not go too far. That will start the last and ierrible phase of the Battle of the Great Day of the Almighty and end only when all nations are practically destroyed, with such loss of life as will make the 20,000,000 lost in the present conflict look like nothing at all. But mark this learn it remember it: "It will be the last time that men will make war." All the prophets, every one of them, show the warring nations gathering in and around Palestine for the final and last stage of conflict. After that, within the generation that was in this and the first World CON3TITU TIONAL Mq 1 AMENDMENT A JOINT KESOLUTION PRO-POSING AN AMENDMENT TO SECTION 10 OF ARTICLE VII. AND TO SECTIONS 2, 3. 5, 6 and 12 OF ARTICLE VIII OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF UTAH RELATING TO THE SUREME AND DISTRICT COURTS, HOW CONSTITUTED, TERMS OF OFFICE, QUALIFI-CATIONS OF JUDGES, JURIS-DICTION, JUDGES PRO TEM-PORE. CHANGE OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS BY THE LEGISLA-TURE, SELECTION OF JUDICI-ARY AND EFFECT ON INCUM-BENT JUDGES. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Utah, two-thir- of all members elected to each of the two houses voting in favor there-Sectio- n 1. It is proposed to amend Section 10 of Article VII of the Constitution of the State of Utah, as follows: Sec. 10 The governor shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the senate, appoint all state and district officers whose offices are established by this con-stitution, or which may be created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for. If, during the recess of the senate, a vacancy occurs in any state or district office, the gover-nor shall appoint some fit person to discharge the duties thereof un-til the next meeting of the senate, when he shall nominate some per-son to fill such office. If the office of secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-genera- l, or superintendent of public in-struction be vacated by death, re-signation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, and the shall hold his office until his successor shall be elected and qualified as may be by law pro-vided. Section 2. That it is proposed to amend sections 2, 3, 5, 6 and 12 of article VIII of the constitution of the state of Utah, as follows: Sec. 2. The supreme court shall consist of five judges, which num-ber may be increased or decreased by the legislature, but no. altera-tion or increase shall have the ef-fect of removing a judge from of-fice. A majority of the judges con-stituting the court shall be neces-sary to form a quorum or render a decision. If a justice of the su-preme court shall be disqualified from sitting in a cause before said court, the remaining judges shall call a district judge to sit with them on the hearing of such cause. Every judge of the supreme court shall be at least thirty years of age, an active member of the bar, in good standing, learned in the law, and a resident of the state of Utah for the five years next pre-ceding his selection The judge having the shortest term to serve, not holding his office by selec-tion to fill a vacancy before ex-piration of a regular term, shall be the chief justice, and shall pre-side at all terms of the supreme court, and in case of his absence, the judge, having in like manner, the next shortest term, shall pre-side in his stead. Sec. 3 Judges of the supreme court and district courts shall be selected for such terms and in such manner as shall be provided by law, provided, however, that selection shall be based solely upon consideration of fitness for office without regard to any partisan po-litical considerations and free from influence of any person whomso-ever, ant provided further that the method of electing such judges in effect when this amendment is adopted shall be followed until changed by law. Sec. 5. The state shall be divid-ed into seven judicial districts, for each of which, at least one judge shall be selectee", as hereinbefore provided. Until otherwise provided by law a district court at the county seat of each county shall be held at least four times a year. All civil and criminal business arising in any county, must be tried in such county, unless a change of venue be taken, in such cases as may be provided by law. Each judge of a district court shall be at least twenty-fiv- e years ol age, an active member of the bar in good 'standing, learned in He law, a resident of the state of Utah three years next preceding his s-election, and shall reside in the di-strict for which he shall be selected. Any district judge hold a di-strict court in any county at the request of the judge of the district, and, upon a request of the gove-rnor it shall be his duty to do so Any cause in the district court may be tried by a judge pro te-mpore, who must be a member ol the bar, sworn to try the cause, and agreed upon by the parties, or their attorneys of record. Sec. 6. The legislature may change the limits of any judicial district, or increase or decrease the number of districts, or the judges thereof. No alteration or increase shall have the effect of removing a judge from office. In every additional district establis-hed, a judge or judges shall be selected as provided in section 3 of this article Sec. 12. The judges of the s-upreme and district courts shall r-eceive at stated times compensation for their services, which shall not be increased or diminished durin; the time for which they are s-elected. Section 3. The secretary o' state is directed to submit this proposed amendment to the ele-ctors of the state of Utah at to next general election in the ma-nner as provided for by article 21 section I, Constitution of Utah. Section 4. If adopted by to electors of the state, this amen-dment shall take effect the first day of January next succeeding determination by the board of state canvassers of the result of the ele-ction designated in Section 3 hereo. I, E. E. Monson, Secretary c State of the State of Utah, hereby certify that the foregom is a full, true, and correct copy " the constitutional amendment pr-oposed by the regular session of in 25th Legislature of 1943, as in in my 01 same appear? ot record fice. In witness whereof, I haye MJ unto stt my hand and affiief great seal of the State of this 10th day of August, 19- E.' E. MONSON, Secty. of State- CONSTITUTIONAL , AMENDMENT NO. 2 A JOINT RESOLUTION Ppn POSING TO AMEND SECTION ' ARTICLE VI, OF THE TUTION OF UTAH REuS TO COMPENSATION OF mp BERS OF THE LEGlSLATIlRp Be it resolved by the Legist, of the State of Utah, d all members elected to each of ik two houses voting i fav0r Section 1 That it is PS to amend Section 9, Article V? Constitution of the State of nil to reau. Section 9. The members ol th. Legislature shall receive such com pensation and mileage as the U islature may provide, not exc5' tag $300.00 per year, t nd ten ce t per mile for the distance necessar ily traveled going to and returning from the place of meeting on tJ most usual route, and they shji receive no other pay or perquisit, Section 2. The secretary of state is hereby directed to submi this proposed amendment to th. electors of the State of Utah at the next general election in the mail ner as provided for by Article 23 Section 1, Constitution of Utah Section 3. If adopted by the electors of the state, this amend ment shall take effect the first da, of January, 1945. I, E. E. Monson, Secretary ol State of the State of Utah do hereby certify that the forego is a full, true, and correct copy (f the constitutional amendment by the first special session of the 25th Legislature of 1944 M the same appears of record in 'm office. In witness whereof, I have her-eunto set my hand and affixed the great seal of the State of Utah, this 10th day of August, 1944, E. E. MONSON, Secty of Stale. GAYS" BlyAJ If our friends in Washington would get busy and pass a bill that would freeze in stock piles, the non-ferro- us metals on hand when the war ends, it would surely help make jobs for re-turning Utah soldiers. It would be a good investment for the Government too and it would be a safeguard against acts of aggression in the future." THE METAL MINING INDUSTRY OF UTAH Alfred Sorenson Progressive Jeweler 75 East Second South Jewelry, Watch. Kodak Repairing Over 40 Years In SALT LAKjcC CITY, NEW --- O TELEPHONE DIRECTORY rfj Aj GOING TO PRESS y WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 4. I look into fliiOSBS I The New TOVNSEND PUN DILI In Congress PROVIDES j: Pensions and Benefits as Follows j i A All and wom unemployed citizens over bO years of age, men J "ol convicted of crime All Americans. ; B All citizens between 8 end 60 who are prevented from ;I a living by illness, being crippled, deaf, blind or permanently J 8ets benefits after 6 months disability. C All mothers who are sole support of children under 8, civil""1' j S and service men. This will give all children a good home. ? Meetings City & Co. Bldg. Each Tuesday Evening, 8 p.m.rW0 We Vote for Those Who Support This j (Paid Political Ad J I j All Sorts of Persuasion Used to Keep British Farm Hands on Land Vigorous measures have been tak-- , en in Britain to keep farm laborers on the land. Agricultural workers ' who have left the industry have been encouraged to return to it, and conscientious objectors are used to supplement the existing labor sup-ply. Labor gangs and labor pools have been set up to supply labor for drainage, harvesting and other purposes. Special hostels have been built by the ministry of works and buildings to house mobile labor gangs and members of labor pools. Some groups live in small mobile trailers in which they travel around the country. The schedule of reserved occupa-tions, set up on the outbreak of war, was finally replaced in January, 1942 by a system of personal deferment, and all applications for deferment of military service in respect of workers on the land in the agricul- tural industry are dealt with by the district manpower boards under a special scheme operated jointly by the ministry of agriculture and the mrnistry of labor and national serv- ice through the county war agricul- tural executive committees. In general, men over 25, if thev are bona fide farm workers, are retained in the industry; men under 25 are subject to an individual ex- amination and if they are deemed to be key" workers where they arP employed, deferment is granted for an Indefinite period. |