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Show THE PROGRESSIVE OPINION U. S. Schools Must Prepare Young People To Cope With Future's Difficult Problems . I- - ' J ' i I for Friday, emphasizes that despite the great strides in establishing a system of public education, there are UVz per cent of our adult population having only a fourth-grad- e education or less. Hundreds of thousands of men fully qualified in every other, respect have been found by the Selective Service to have less than a fourth-grad- e education. ''Bettering Community Life," topic for the last day of American Edu-cation Week, underlines the role of the school as a community center, serving adults as well as children, and acting as a force for bringing the people together so that plans for improved community life may be made and developed. Problems of Future. American Education Week grew out of the First World War. It was first observed in 1921. Twenty-fiv- e per cent of the men examined in that draft were illiterate; 29 per cent were physically unfit; many were foreign-bor- n and had little under-standing of American life. These were startling disclosures. Unfit as they were for war, these men were also incapable of serving their coun-try most effectively in time of peace. Members of the newly formed American Legion wished to correct these conditions. They saw in this situation an opportunity to serve their country after the war. When a campaign of education appeared to be the only answer they consulted the other sponsoring organizations and as a result the first American Education Week was observed. "All the new tasks which confront our society as a whole are the ones with which our schools must deal. For the schools are of society and their task is to build society by developing good citizens," Mr. Schlagle further points out. "Let us utilize the power of education to Citizens Are Urged To Visit Their Local Learning Centers Labor, industry, educators, the churches and women's clubs are uniting in a call for the observance of American Education week, November 1. The week is dedicated to public tribute to schools and is sponsored by the National Education association, the American Legion, the United States Office of Education and the National Congress of Par-ents and Teachers. An annual pilgrimage to the nation's schools is made in more than 4,000 communities by more than 10 million persons dur-ing the week's program of school activities. Calling upon the "citizens to visit their schools," President Roosevelt asks observance of American Educa-tion Week to "become better ac-quainted with those faithful serv-ants of the nation's children and youth the teachers." In the President's message to "patrons, students, and teachers of American schools," he asks that teachers be encouraged in their task of "cultivating free men fit for a free world. For these teachers are the conservators of today's civiliza-tion and the architects, of tomor-row's world of promised peace and progress. They serve within the very citadels of democracy, devotedly whether in war or in peace. "When victory on the fields of battle shall have been achieved, the work yet to be done through our schools will be enormous," the President continues. "I therefore call upon the teachers of America to continue without flagging their ef-forts to contribute through the schools to that final consummation which alone will make possible of fulfillment all plans of education for new tasks." Realizing that the schools play a vital role both in the prosecution of the war and laying the foundations for the peace, "Education for New Tasks' is the theme for the 24th an-nual observance. '"Schools are preparing children and young people for the new tasks which confront our country," states F. L. Schlagle, president of the Na-tional Education association, "the new tasks of making postwar re-adjustments, maintaining economic security at home, improving inter-grou- p relationships, assuring justice to minority groups, adapting our life to the new technology, and im-proving community life. Only a people of intelligence, character, goodwill and earnestness can meet these issues with success." Program for the Week. Daily themes in the development of "Education for New Tasks" are: Sunday, November 5 Building Worldwide Brotherhood. Monday, November 6 Winning the War. Tuesday, November 7 Improv-ing Schools for Tomorrow. Wednesday, November 8 De-veloping an Enduring Peace. Thursday, November 9 Prepar-ing for the New Technology. Friday, November 10 Educating All the People. Saturday, November 11 Better-ing Community Life. "When the war is over, our coun-try will be faced with a problem of readjustment which in many ways will be as difficult as the problems of mobilization for the war," warns Mr. Schlagle. "Millions of men and women must be retrained for new jobs. Boys and girls in schools must be aided in adjusting to postwar con-- I I 1 r x - - - ditions. The war has emphasized the nation's need for youth. We cannot afford in the postwar period to per-mit youth to become the lost genera-tion again," he says. "Building Worldwide Brother-hood," topic for Sunday, opening the week's program, will be observed in the churches throughout the nation. According to Everett R. Clinchy, National Conference of Christians and Jews," "Brotherhood is giving to others the dignity and rights we want to keep for ourselves. We need to make universal brotherhood part of the learning experience." He points out that this can be done by thinking scientifically on questions of race, religious cultures, and nation-ality differences which divide people into groups. Monday's theme, "Winning the War," is a reminder of the wartime job being done by the schools in training, adjustment of courses to permit pupils to do war-time work, rationing and registra-tion programs, conducting scrap and bond drives, as well as continuing their regular program of education for 25 million American children. "Improving Schools for Tomor-row emphasizes the steps needed for improving American education. Equalization of educational oppor-tunity through state and federal aid, payment of adequate salaries to teachers, streamlining the adminis-trative organization of education in many areas, and the building of school programs around real life problems are among the pressing needs for better schools in the post-war era. Hope For Enduring Peace. "Education is a potent force which can be used for the promotion of peace," underlies Wednesday's top-ic, "Developing an Enduring Peace." Proposals for the inter-national organization following the war include a council on educational policy which would become a per-manent international agency for edu-cation. The purpose of such an agency would be to lift educational standards, to encourage education for international understanding, and to report for action to the general international body attempts in any nation to promote war through edu-cation. "Preparing for the New Tech-nology" points to the reliance tech-nology and science have upon edu-cation. The need for intelligent man-agement and the reduction, of un-skilled labor are emphasized. The need for specializa-tion on the part of workers calls for cooperation and mutual helpful-ness. "The promise of a new world depends upon technology. To reach that promise we must develop through education people capable of using it," Mr. Schlagle points out. "Educating All the People." topic Many adults need a grade school education, either because they came from some region of the country where schools are remote, or be-cause they are foreign born. Here a young woman from Austria waves her hard-wo- n diploma. further fulfill the promise of Ameri-ca and to enable us to do our part among the family of nations in the establishment of a just order of af-fairs in the world," he urges. Six Billion Investment. The National Planning committee, a private agency, most of whose directors are businessmen, recently stated that if we make our eco-nomic system work reasonably well after the war we shall' have a na-tional income of at least 110 billion dollars. The report goes on to re-late that according to the estimated figures, we shall spend: 25 billion for foodstuffs as compared with 16 billion before the war; 16 billion for housing as compared with 9 billion; seven billion for automobiles as against four billion; three billion for recreation as against one and a half billion; 13 billion for household operations and equipment as com-pared with six and a half billion. "Shall we," asks Mr. Schlagle, "under such conditions refuse to increase the two and a half billion which we have been spending for schools and colleges: Shall we. with the highest per capita income of any nation in all history, use our in-creased wealth to feed, clothe, and house ourselves in comparative lux-ury, to buy entertainment, airplanes, automobiles, radios, and refriger-ators, and neglect to spend any of our increased income for the educa-tional improvement of our children? We can readily afford the five or six billion dollars which a genuinely ade-quate educational program for all would cost. .This would be the wisest investment that American citizens could make," he contends. Eric A. Johnston, president, United States chamber of com-merce, says the organization "is glad. to give its support to the ob-servance of American Education Week, 1944. Business recognizes the relation between education and an expanding economy. There is no more important task before us than the development of the kind of edu-cational program which will pro- mote good citizenship and economic , ' ' ' - - . , - i ' I j I.. if v V( ft ' i ' is-- - - o f , - - t 1 fi Practical and scientific training is getting increasing emphasis dur-ing the war years, even in grade school. Probably this trend will con-tinue into peace times. These boys are making radio sets. Behind By BmjlMallon jsv Released by Western Newspaper Union. PRESENT LABOR TRENDS SPELL REAL DISASTER OUR TOWN, U. S. A.This is Our Town, U. S. A., just like many an-other I suspect, and a rather as-tonishing place right now for every-one in it. I should not say "astonishing" be-cause no one is astonished at any-thing these days. Its peculiar con-dition is a chiei subject of conver-sational concern among its resi-dents, although not yet recognized in public statements. It just seems to be growing into something no one understands. There is our plumber, for in-stance, as good a plumber as there ever will be. His integrity shows in his work. When he fixes a pipe, you know it is fixed, which is per-haps an unusual thing in itself these days. In the past year, there were only three days out of the cus-tomary 365 in which his entire force of help appeared for work. They are making such high rates of pay that they can live comfortably (to the fullest of the liquor ration also) by working only half the time, and nothing can get them to work the other half. He keeps 12 men on the payroll in order to get the six necessary for bis business. I called the best bricklayer in Our Town to do a little job. He said he had gone out of business. His health could not stand the strain of trying to keep his troup of bricklayers to-gether, as none wished to work reg-ularly. FORCED OUT OF BUSINESS It was not worth the trouble to try to handle them because you could never get a job done. He opened, instead, an old blacksmith shop which had been closed for 30 years. Yes sir, our leading brick-layer has become a blacksmith, a symbol of our progress. The hotel manager in Our Town is a superior fellow, has had top ex-perience in New York City, a pro-gressive kind of manager who wants to make his food better, his place efficient and superior. He broke down trying to do it, and after a few weeks in the hospital is now taking a month's rest. His waiters made enough money to allow them to retire each payday and return, either rested or bleary-eye- d the following Tuesday or Wed-nesday. His maids went off to the local war factory where they could make $30 a week and more stand-ing around doing practically noth-ing. Some days only one employee showed up. What has happened to Our Town? No one wants to work. No one who can live otherwise wants the responsibilities of an employer. It is not a manpower question (the men are here) or an economic question involved in all those statistics the gov-ernment bureaucrats wrangle about. It is a state of mind, a condition for which there seems no remedy. The elderly couple down the street finally got a man to wash their win-dows this fall, but he wanted $8 a day for that simple task and they could not afford it. The kitchen maids ask $30 a week more than twice as much as a soldier fighting at the front and sometimes get it. But like others they do not want to work, as a group, and they in-crease their salaries while cutting their hours of labor and their days off, laying off when they accumu-late enough money to rest up for a few weeks. RUIN OF NATIONS Is this a war situation or a local phenomena? I think not. It is not a war question because it started long before the war. Indeed it is the same condition to which most authorities ascribe the fall of Prance and it ruined Communism in Russia When conditions encourage people not to work, they natu- -' rally will not work, and when a nation does not work it deteri-orates and gives its eminence to nations which are producers. A nation has no wealth except the product of its labors and when the production falls off, for any reason, it declines. But what bothers me is the future The government is pledged to an inflationary postwar policy of high wages and high prices, thus- - con-tinuing the conditions which are causing the unofficial institution of the three-da- y week, of work avoid-ance and employer retirement. I know labor leaders who doubt that the union people in our war factories can be kept at their jobs after peace in Europe. I hear au-thentic predictions of a breakdown in American production before Ja-pan can be conquered. This is Our Town already. Will it soon be our country. The best possible nonpartisan au-thority recently has made a check of inner union campagin trends and returned here with doubts that put even California and Washington in unsure categories. Mr. Roosevelt is holding a good portion of the CIO. Unit Shelves Are Easy to Build; May Be Divided or Multiply t ,H.VE HOLD 3 ISO SHARP CORNERS SIMPLE CUTS AND EASY CONSTRUCTION MADE RIGID WITH NAILS AND MODERN 6LUE Use Rich Corde in Making That Bag &a f 936 " kZ&S ) By Ruth Wyeth Spears trated directions for each step in the con. struction of the units. To get this pattern enclose 15 cents with name and addres, and send direct to: MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer 10 Send 15 cents for Pattern No. 270. Name Address CO YOU want a Corde bag! Too expensive to buy? Then cro-chet either of the beauties pic-tured inexpensive and easy to do. Rich Corde bags crocheted in squares or triangles. Pattern 936 contains directions for purses; stitches; list of materials. Due to an unusually large demand and current war conditions", slightly more time Is required in filling orders for a few of the most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept. Box 3217 San Francisco 6, Calif. Enclose 16 cents for Pattern No Name Address - . WHETHER you have a house your or whether you move often, unit book shelves are the answer to many a problem. They may be scaled to fit almost any space; you may add to them as needed and they may be shift-ed from one place to another ac-cording to your mood. They may start in the living room and end in the children's room or in the kitchen. The units may be divid-ed, multiplied or used in various combinations. You need no special skill to make the three units shown. These well proportioned shelves were desigped especially for ama-teur homecrafters to make with the simplest tools. A compass saw from the will cut the curved shelves of the end units. Because the shelves were de-signed by a homemaker, a simple method of constructing them with no open dust space at the bottom was worked out and special thought was given to the width and depth of shelves so that they would have the maximum useful-ness and still be made of stock sizes of lumber. NOTE: Pattern 270 gives a full size pat-tern for the curved shelves of these book cases and large diagrams with dimensions of all the straight pieces. Also a com-plete list of materials required and illus- - FOR FOLKS WITH SNIFFIV HoodGolds Quick relief from dis- - tress of head colds Is SPECML what you want. So use A few BallU,.Bar, drops Nose Drew up each nostril soothe works Fast Irritation, relieve con- - Right Whers gestion. Also helps pre- - Tioublo Is) vent many colds from developing If used In SSi.3CV time. Just try it Follow 3"J- - fff j directions In folder.. I" ' Shoulder a Gun Or the Cost of One BUY U. S. WAR BONDS! SNAPPY FACTS i --v ABOUT feT' RUBBER Progress of our Pacific war program and the growing possibilities of reasonably quick recapture of some rub-ber areas in the Far East have made men who know the rubber industry best em-phasize the need for sound policies to deal with the eco-nomic and political problems which the gradual return of natural rubber will raise. Mexico has its own way of conserv-ing tires. Mexican motorists are re-quired, by government regulation, to keep their cars idle one day a week. Car owners select their "motorless day" and then must di-splay on their windshields a sticker of a color designated for that day of the week. BEGoDdiis!i WKr-- ..J l!sp?yFd;sfTChsn Y:aVeSL'ggish,Upsst WHEN CONSTIPATION makes yon fed punk as the dickens, brings on stomach upset, soar taste, gassy discomfort, take Dr. Caldwell's famous medicine to quickly -- grail the trigger on lazy "innards", and help you feel bright and chipper again. DR. CALDWELL'S is the wonderful senna laxative contained in good old Syrup Pep-sin to make H so easy to take, MANY DOCTORS use pepsin preparations in prescriptions to make the medicine more palatable and agreeable to take. So be sure your laxative is contained in Syrup Pepsin. INSIST ON DR. CALDWELL'S the favorite of millions for 50 years, and feel that whole-some relief from constipation. Even finicky children love it. CAUTION: Use only as directed. U)M1 SENNA LAXATIVE FREE BOOKLET on ARTHRITIS AM RHEOTEM If you aufler from Arthritis, Neuritis, Sciatica, Lumbago or any form of Rhe-umatism ask your druggist for a free booklet on NUE-OV- or write to Inc., 412 S. Wells St., Chlcaio 7, lf-l- YOUR FREE COPY. Successfully ufd tor over 19 yn When raw winds cut like ft ' a knife.. CHAPPED UPS SOOTHED QUICKLY! Crocked Hps so cruel, and painfull Caused when raw, bitter weather dries skin cells, leaves them "thirsty. Skin may crack, bleed. Mentholaniffl acts medicinally: (1) Stimulates local blood supply. (2) Helps revive thirsty cells so they con retain need-ed moisture. For sore, chapped hantu, lips Mentholatum. Jars, tubes, G!lM!f fk V v- r l ii jtlsljf i Try Great Tonic Many Doctors Advise See how good-tasti- Scotfs Emulsion helps tone up your system; helps build up stamina and resistance against colds if there is a dietary deficiency of A & D Vitamins. It's easy I Simply take Scott's daily throughout the year. It's great! Buy jatyourjiruggy! Ask Your Grocer for . . . CREAEV1 of the WEST 1 When your pantry shelf contains "Cream Mf of the West" breakfast worries vanish. It's --Jk&'-a delicious, it takes but five minutes to cook Mjftftiu'C and you provide the family with important f jra?1 nutritious elements -- Vitamin B, Vitamin A, XJJ Phosphorus, and Calcium in their natural di state. Too, it has' a flavor all its own and the oftener you eat it the better you will like it. MONTANA CEREAL CO. Billings, Montana BUOUSEHOLD anirrrsffi Line the container in which you remove ashes from the furnace with wet paper to keep down the dust. To pick up broken glass from the floor, wet a newspaper and gently wipe up the glass with it. So you are having trouble start-ing wooden screws with a screw-driver? Well, put them through a piece of cardboard first and then hold the cardboard while the screw is starting into the wood. After baking always leave the oven door open to permit the moisture to escape and thus pre-vent the oven from rusting. Plant lemon seeds in flowerpots for house plants. The shiny leaves flavor cakes when one or two are placed in the bottom of the cake pan. Tie a few leaves into a cloth and drop into apple-sauc- e a few minutes to give it flavor. o In wringing out pillow cases in the laundry, always insert the closed end into the roller first. This will prevent possible burst-ing of the seams. Keep your windows bright and clear on the inside during the win-ter by merely wiping them off with a soft paper napkin each week. This will remove the moist dirt and polish them at the same time. If your lamp shades are dingy and yellow on the inside, they probably are absorbing quite a large percentage of the light you need to see by. To restore their reflecting abilities, paint the inside with two coats of white shoe pol- ish. Pat the second coat on care-fully after the first is completely dry. TELE, FACT illiteracy in the u.s a HOW MANY STUDENTS GET A COMPLETE EDUCATION? our Of every 100 foreign born whites " till R QSSMMMMia THESE GRADUATED y " IIUTEHATE KOM HIGH SCHOOl A A A A OUT OF EVERY 1TO NATIVE WHITES tf ft Eoch lymbol represents lOOsHdonl! jjfrffli VvVvMA" A" ENTERED COUEGE FjGSADUATtO (mi) til 1 l i 1 1 j 1 i ll 1 l 1 l I I 1 i I 1 UUUULllJLI m 1 j ARE ILLITERATE |