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Show THE PROGRESSIVE OPTNION I Death of 91 --Year-Old CaliforniaTuthoTRe How He, as Young Army Lieutenant, Recorded for Posterity Famous Speech of a Great jnajajOhief X. iVl" " ' THE SURRENDER OF CHIEF JOSEPH As depicted by Frederic Remington In General Miles Personal Recollections." By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Released by Western Newspaper Union. recent death of Col. THE Erskine Scott Wood in California recalls one of the most dramatic in-cidents in American military history, for he was one of the chief actors in that drama. It was the surrender of Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce In-dians in the Bear Paw moun-tains of Montana on October 5, 1877, after his epic retreat of more than 1,000 miles which won for him a place among the great captains of all time. Colonel Wood, then a young lieutenant on the staff of Gen. O. O. Howard, was present at the surrender, took down the Indian leader's "surrender speech" and it is to him that we are indebted for a com-plete and accurate text of what has become a classic of American oratory. The story of the Nez Perce war of 1877 and of Chief Joseph's retreat is too familiar a tale to need repeti-tion in all its details here. Its origin was the old, old story of a broken treaty, of white men covetous for Indian lands, of white aggression that brought about retaliation by the red man and then a call for troops to "put down an Indian uprising." In this case, however, the leader of the Nez Perces did not decide to try to defend his native soil by fighting the soldiers. Instead, he conceived the bold plan of fleeing with his people to Canada, fighting only if the troops barred his road. Gen. O. O. Howard, commander of the Military Department of the Co-lumbia, acted promptly when news of the killing of four settlers by a down. I was not told. The speeches of Indians were not considered im-portant. I took it for my own benefit as a literary item." And thus it was that the young lieutenant who took down this speech as a "literary item" pre-served for posterity this pathetic ut-terance of a heartbroken Indian patriot. It has often been compared with the historic speech of Chief Logan of the Cayugas, which be-came widely known through being printed in the McGuffey Readers and which was a favorite "piece to be spoken" by several generations of American schoolboys. Wood was born in Erie, Pa., February 20, 1852, the son of Wil-liam Maxwell Scott, who was the first surgeon-gener- of the United States navy. Educated at Erie academy and Baltimore city college he was appointed to the United States Military academy at West Point at the age of 18 by President Grant. He was graduated in 1874 and soon after receiving his com-mission as a second lieutenant was assigned to duty at Fort Bidwell in northeastern California. By 1877 he was a first lieutenant and on the staff of General Howard. Detailed to act as military escort to a civilian explorer in Alaska, he was in that country when word came of the outbreak of the Nez Perce war. The same mail that brought him word that his regiment was ordered into the field also brought him permission to stay on for the exploration of Alaska but he elected to join his regiment. Thus, as aide to General Howard, he par-ticipated in the long, stern chase after the fleeing Nez Perces. The Nez Perce campaign, howev-er, was not his only Indian war service. The next year he served on Howard's staff in the Bannock and Piute campaign in Idaho which was nearly as strenuous and dan-gerous as that of 1877. For a year or so he was stationed at Fort Van-couver across the river from Port-land, Ore., and while there he re-solved to quit the army and study law. Before resigning from the army he was made adjutant at the military academy at West Point and while there began studying law, re- - U, "1. ," 'J'.Jtf.iJAWIiliil.i....MtfiJWWAWJ K i iit I'' ' v ' J j On October 4, General Howard with his two aides, Lieut. Guy How-ard, his son, and Lieutenant Wood, accompanied by two friendly Nez Perces (both of whom had daugh-ters in the hostile camp) and an in-terpreter, arrived in Miles' camp. The next day, these two Nez Perces, George and Captain John, entered the camp of the beleaguered Indi-ans. They told the chief that Gen-eral Howard was there with prom-ises of good treatment and that his whole command was only two or three days behind him. --With tears in their eyes they begged him to surrender because his was a lost cause and Joseph agreed. The scene which followed is de-scribed by Wood in a letter which has never before been published. It follows: "The surrender was October 5, 1877. Joseph rode up the hiU near to sunset to where we were How-ard, Miles, Chapman, the interpre-ter; Oscar Long, adjutant to Miles, Guy Howard, the general's son and aide de camp, and myself. I was aide de camp, also adjutant general in the field in charge of records, etc. "Three or four men on foot hung around Joseph, clinging to his knees and saddle blanket. All were bare-headed. Joseph's hair hung in two braids on each side of his face. He wore a blanket I do not remem-ber the color, but I would say gray with a black stripe and I would say it was girdled about his waist but carried up and around his shoulders. Under his blanket he wore a woolen shirt open at the throat, a dark color I am inclined to think it was army blue. He wore moccasins and leggings. His rifle was across the pommel in front of him. Whefl he dismounted he picked up his rifle, pulled his blanket closer around him and walked toward General Howard and offered him the rifle. Howard waved him toward Miles. He then walked to Miles and began his speech." The text of that historic speech as given by Colonel Wood follows: Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me be-fore I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. is dead. It is the young men now who say "yes" and "no" (vote in the council). He who led on the young men (Ollicut, his brother) is dead. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My peo-ple some of them have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are perhaps freez-ing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many of them I can find; maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs, my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever! The above version of the "surren-der speech" is the one given in an article "Chief Joseph, the Nez Perce" by Colonel Wood which ap-peared in the Century magazine for May, 1884. It has often been re-printed with considerable variation in the text but we have Colonel Wood's assertion (in Chester A. Fee's "Chief Joseph The Biogra-phy of a Great Indian") that this is the correct one. In the letter, previ-ously quoted, he says: "Neither Gen-eral Miles nor anyone else knows Jo-seph's long surrender speech accu-rately except myself. No one was interested to take it down. Oscar Long, Miles regimental adjutant, was there to take it down but did not. No one was told to take it it , - 1W-- , i C. E. S. WOOD young Nez Perce warrior marked the opening of the "war." He be-gan concentrating troops at all stra-tegic points to surround the Nez Perce. The first engagement took place on June 17 when Captain Perry and a small body of troops attacked Joseph's camp in White Bird canyon. Displaying unexpect-ed military skill, Joseph laid a trap for Perry and all but annihilated his command. After this defeat General Howard took the field himself and the chase was on. Before it was ended the Nez Perce leader outwitted, out-fought and outmarched the troops of Howard, Colonel Sturgis of the Sev-enth cavalry and several other de-tachments sent to intercept him. To realize the greatness of his achieve-ment one has but to read this brief summary: The Nez Perce leader was encum-bered with women and children whom he refused to desert and allow them to fall into the hands of the soldiers, as he might have done sev-eral times to facilitate his flight. His fighting force never at any time ex-ceeded 300 warriors. Yet with these handicaps he fought 11 engage-ments, five of them pitched battles, and he lost only one. In the other six skirmishes he killed 126 and wounded 140 of the 2,000 soldiers who were on his trail at one time or another with a loss of 151 killed and 88 wounded of his own people. Then, having left his pursuers far behind, he stopped (50 miles short of his goal the Canadian line in order to give his weary people a chance to rest. He did not know of the approach of Col. Nelson A. Miles and the Fifth Infantry until his camp in the Bear Paw mountains in Montana was attacked on the morning of September 30. For five days the Nez Perce leader and his little band, greatly outnumbered, withstood the soldiers' attacks. CHIEF JOSEPH ceiving his law degree from Colum-bia university and being admitted to the bar in 1884. Returning to Portland, he soon be- came the outstanding lawyer of the admiralty Pacific coast and con- tinued its practice until 1889 when he retired to devote himself to a career as a writer and painter winning success and fame in both fields before his death at the age CLASSIFIED DEPARTM OFFICE EOjgg WE BUT eT L Office Furniture. Files TEl tag Machines, Safes, cKh S'"l SALT LAKE lJ?'"4,!l U West B,oadw.,. slT, KeSANtf C"'. Cuv SUPERIOR BAEYCrS1 tested stock m .11 popuUr vi;KPu''' horn, heav.es and hybrid! straight run. If you Htdi order RAMSHAW "wj diate or later deliven and largest hatchery S," "4 weekly. Price list ""tti Feed available for Cl JSS ft' 1 367S.St.UsT aggj Three Ways to Use Wooden Cornices ELABORATE box-lik- e cornices to cover all rods and fixtures used in hanging curtains were the height of fashion in the forma) rooms of the period. They were often made of carved wood or of metal in intricate de-signs. Again they were padded 01 bedecked with tassels and fringe IFABRIC TCKEDWIL PAPER FACING BOARD OVER COFNICE PASTED in PLACE SCAHOPED ' doc f$7 WINDOW SLPST, Jl GHOOVI5 FRftME WITH "S c.Lj hold RODS The front of the cornice was called the face. The ends were called returns. Cornices are still used in simplified forms for our own win-dows and these terms are also used. This sketch shows three different treat merits of box cornices for modern win dows. They all give a professional effect, yet any amateur may make them. The diagram shows grooves cut on the Inside of the returns to hold wooden rods or slat to be used Instead of metal rods for hanging glass curtains and overdraperies. If you already have double curtain rods. just leave them in place and fit your cor- - nice over them. 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You nay !'rM' ', rheumatic p'ns; "lt( na ";. netting P ,DIS"V'! Sometimes lion with ,'!'' other sign that w' , the Wdneys or bWJdi,u!,:i.- There should otbJ . treatment l ? K,iof Conn's i. odicino that proval than on so" :: known. io'n,tl.r- - ed many ycj- Got BojiiWr Mf5! Applicator "''I ht.,, mal.t"BUCK LEAF 40 Z. Z . . GO MUCH FARTHER f Preserve Our Liberty Buy U. S. War Bonds Parson Found the Earlier An Understanding Fell;, A clergyman was being by a barber who had evidtr.:. come unnerved by the p:ev;;. night's dissipation. Finally he ci the clergyman's chin. The la s: looked up at the barber re:::::; fully, and said: "You see, my good man, comes of hard drinking." "Yes, sir," the barber re:.;: consolingly, "it sure makes t skin tender, don't it?" Beachhead, Bridgehead A beachhead is a position estab- - lished and fortified on a shore by an invading force. A bridgehead is a defensive area on the enemy's side of a stream, held to guard a bridge, ford or other crossing. Who's News This Week By Delos Wheeler Lovelace Consolidated Features.-W- NU Release. YORK. The Nazis talk of NEW out of Finland to safety in Norway Was His Norway and Big Chance and He maybe ttey Made Most of It their very escape will bring them closer to the day when they must scramble out of Norway, too, and when their Wilhelm Redeiss must end his dark, savage rule there, he and the renegade Jonas Lie. The story of Redeiss is hard to get at. Revealed details are few and most of them from sources which, to be mild, are unfriendly to all Nazis. But, when the bias is winnowed out, the scanty record is cheap when it is not ugly. He was born in 1900 at Heinsberg, close by the Dutch border and raised in a decent, church-goin- g family. Dull in school, he was worse when apprenticed to an electrical engi-neer. Fellow workers in the shop rounded on him quickly for habits which were later alleged against the murdered Ernest Rohm. These hab-its, however, did not slow up promo-tion after he joined the Nazis. First he was in the Hitler-Yout- h movement. Then he drummed up rookies for the la-bor camps. Then he swung a blackjack in the Nazi militia. At last he hit the jackpot, he was accepted in the S.S., Hitler's own Elite Guard. This corps of maul-ers gave him work right up his alley. He got to be a regional group leader, and then was re-warded flrst.with membership in the Prussian parliament and then with a seat in the Charlie McCarthy Reichstag. In Norway, at 43, he holds the rank of police general. And there, according to Underground reports, his Gestapo command includes a se-lect inner circle of troopers having records and habits like his own. THE quisling Jonas Lie is Redeiss' head of police. Lie's coun-trymen call Jonas Lie, Kin of him Judas. The Poet, Labeled His is one of Judas of the classical Norway names ,in Norway, worn once by one of the country's fine poets. It is a grand-son of the poet who has sold out to the Nazis. Of his rule, and of Redeiss' super-rul- e the Swedish newspaper Arbetaren said: "One feels ashamed to belong to the human race when one hears of such horrors. No beast would be as bloodthirsty as these men who revel in torture." And the Svenska Dagbladet, some-times sympathetic to the Nazi cause, added: "Only a categori-cal denial (of these charges) by the German authorities could help here. We have waited in vain for such denial."' Neither Berlin nor Redeiss ever said "Aye", or "No" but a year ago Redeiss moved to fasten his con-demned rule more securely on the land by building up a Norwegian copy of the S.S. which had trained him so well He called it the S.S. Norge. He wanted 500 Norwegians, Aryans only, who would obey or-ders. He settled for 200. He finally found that many believers in Ger-many's ideal, although they were not all truly quislings. Many of them despised Quisling. ' I HE American navy races east-- ward across the Pacific with It Soeems I his its big guns Jap pounding Puppet Thrives on uke Thor's Phoney Distinctions hammel and it is no wonder that Jose Paciano Laurel, Japan's puppet, hurriedly declares a state of national emergency in his mutinous Philippines. Laurel is the callous able traitor who chummed up with the Japanese long before it seemed they had a chance at all in the islands. Their way of life charmed him in con- trast to that of his own people, and of the American way of life which he studied at Yale university. At Yale his own way of life charmed nobody. One professor, lately recalling his campus perform-ance- s, said he was a perfect rotter. Another nailed the description with a Story. The story is that Laurel came to Yale in 1920 for a de- gree of doctor of jurisprudence. There was a mix-u- p and what Lau- rel got was a diploma calling him a doctor of civil law, a far higher dis-h- " which h didn't deserve by nnrT fversity noted the "BevdnLaUrel t0 trade but & said, means!" sported According the phoney to sheepskin tUae, office Wa" f Ws ManiIa Since September Laurel has held another phoney distinction. He has been president elect of the republic Japan schemes to establish in the Phihppmes as soon as order has twice on a Manila course rl ho pointed terirjaTne nLChithad 12 FiUpinos exec"'ed bv dictato rEvetlf News f BehindM THENlI By BmjlMallon Released by Western Newspaper Union. BEST BRAINS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE VICTORY WASHINGTON. It is very prob-able that Mr. Roosevelt will revise his government immediately for vic-tory and the fourth term campaign. Now, as never before, he needs brains in the top places. With the chaotic condition of the world, with our ability to survive questioned on every front financial, diplomatic, economic, military the best politics and simplest sense demands the best manpower in government as well as in the army, factories, and field. You cannot win without power at the top. Yet Mr. Roosevelt's own senate leader has now publicly pro-claimed what everyone else knew, namely that the cabinet and presi-dential advisers fall far short of rep-resenting the best intelligence and experience of the country. In the beginning, to satisfy this deficiency, Mr. Roosevelt brought in the Byrnes, Baruch, Vinson, Jones setup as a super cabinet. As Sena-tor Barkley noted, this has not been enough. Any ordinary man in Mr. Roose-velt's spot would go out and draft the best men of the nation to handle subjects they know best. A belated move along that line is imminent. Anonymous news has been appear-ing in the papers suggesting a few cabinet changes are under consid-eration. The question is whether they will go far and deep enough. SOME PROSPECTS: Edward R. Stettinius, the state undersecretary, is receiving some mention as possible vice presidential nominee instead of the Wallace. This talk originated with no more inferior an authority than Democratic National Chairman Han-naga- Mr. Stettinius has an ex-bi- g busi-ness background in Morgan business not unlike that of Mr. Willkie. Cer-tainly Stettinius is being groomed to succeed Mr. Hull, when and if. Forejgn Economic Administrator Crowley also has mounted the to-boggan and a successor is needed for him. A sounding-ou- t rumor has been published that Commerce Secretary Jesse Jones might go to the treasury with Joseph P. Kennedy, to Britain, replacing him. The rumor is probably off the mark. Mr. Kennedy's finance - business brain is regarded as the best in the country and the place for him is treasury. When big business lead-ers get in trouble, they call on him to straighten them out for an fee which they must pay because no one else can do the job. In the current international finan-cial dilemma (Keynes-Whit- e inter-national currency stabilization and even domestic taxes) Mr. Roosevelt could get him for a $10,000 a year cabinet salary, whereas a private corporation seeking his services would have to pay 10 to 20 times as much. Why not? The only objection is political. Mr. Kennedy is erroneously designated by certain contrary political ele-ments as an appeaser and con-versely also as an Anglophile. This is world war, and more than that, it is world revolution within war. The people of the country real-ly care far less whether a man is a good political appointment than whether he can help win for us. The best politics would be no politics. In a life and death world crisis like this, we cannot choose political directions or political appointees, whether leftists or rightists. A thorough change is called for and is imminent. WEAKNESS FOUND IN ADMINISTRATION Mr. Roosevelt, speaking in the closed fraternity of his few top ad-- , visers after his third term victory, is supposed to have complained that the Republican campaign against him was weak and technically defec-tive. As they remember it, he put it something like this: "If I had been planning their cam-paign I would not have made the fight against me, but against the men around me." Mr. Roosevelt certainly knew his weakness. That weakness has now been publicly exposed again by the courage of his own Democratic Sen-ate Floor Leader Barkley. No one has risen to dispute Barkley's theme that the President ii at least partly surrounded with men he (Barkley) described as nitwits or worse "a mind more clever than honest." That long has been a glaring Wash-ington deficiency. The public has assumed Barkley was shooting at treasury officials who normally would submit data for a veto message on the subject of taxes. Inside congress that assump-tion is rejected. Barkley is believed to have had in mind one particular Roosevelt ad-viser who did most of the work on the veto message a man not in the treasury. The departure of this man from the White House coterie may be nec-essary before a more friendly un-dercurrent of relations with congress is possible. The speech of the Kentucky sena-tor was a complete surprise to the President. It disturbed him person-ally and profoundly. No one except Barkley's wife knew he had decided to make the break. The night be-fore he spoke he read over the first draft with her, afterward rewrote it into the form in which he deliv-ered it, toning it down somewhat. News that Presidential Press Sec-retary Steve Early was sent to ap-peal to Barkley to return as leader has been published, but the Presi-dent also sent his economic sta- - hiliytir. Jimmv Rvrrips. Soldier's Appetite An American soldier consumes about 1 times as much food as the average civilian. Navy Ships The U. S. navy owns tc ly 850 combat ships ana service vessels for and supplies. Severe Feni'lJ Hawaiian women e j; death as late as 1819 cocoanuts, f's' or certain fish. y Wood's 'Heavenly Discourse' Won Him World Fame as an AmW Colonel Wood became world fa-mous for a book of satirical es-says which were published under the title of "Heavenly Discourse." He was also a gifted poet. Typical of his verse is: NIGHT AND THE DESERT (From "Poems From the Ranges," 1929.) Flocks of stars across the night fly over. The moon floats down to lovely, lu-cent death On the dark mountain a child unto its mother, I lay my head upon the lap of earth. She it was who bore me and when all dwindleth She will give to me her child an-other birth. Straight are her dumb, relentless hps to others But I can hear their soothing through the night, "Be hushed, my child you too shall join the flight." owlVaSt StiUneSS 3 SmaU Cucko-Flute- s from his burrow to the las ging moon. As afly upon a window-pan- my f"sU"len in the cosmic bowl " wnUfoenCare f S '"dawn Heedless Person To stumble twice against the same stone is a proverbial dis-grace. Cicero. TEACHER OF HIS FORMER ENEMY'S SON Nespelem is interesting: "Tho In- - dan camp is usuall more long rows of times two or three farnfi?!' s me" one lodge. When thy CC, and drying meat mg supply, several lodges arrtl ft ter er, making bfg todt? 1 geth" feet W, ta whichgaret0 30 Ares instead of one. orth 6 dries the meat better " V, y u Chief Joseph" War by Helon Howard and Dan L Mic f7 inters, C Col. C. E. S. Wood, Howard's p during the Nez Perce cam-paign, was practicing law in Port--! land in 1892 when Joseph invited his son, Erskine, to visit him at Nespelem. This incident illus-trates the tolerance of the chief, and the trust placed in him by the boy's father. Erskine left Portland by himself July 3, 1892, and spent five months alone with Joseph and his band. So greatly did the lad enjoy himself that he returned the next year for another three months. According to Erskine's diary, he accompanied Joseph and his tribespeople into the mountains on their annual fall hunt after deer, and was present at the Indian dances and feasts, being the only white boy so honored. Under the old chief's teaching, Erskine learned the Nez Perce customs and arts. The boy's description of the do-mestic life of Joseph's people at First Iron Ship a UgS WhUCOmb andaunit Mter ab i s. nah;riorasshitheofthe |