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Show PMgASAXT CROVE REVIEW mow Point for Horse Sally Sez THE LASTof tKeBUFFALO Raisers to Study All Needs Met by Breeding Breed-ing Associations. COLD WAVES FOUGHT IN POULTRY HOUSES VJ titers - . v' " r -TuH i) X Uil ? - inr - ' r'- H"il-i if l v i - Uolonel Codi i "Buffalo Bill" XL - ijussafi2-ss It . W f. b-jh- -rv- . . v . - ---TrrviR55 bou.thwestmt Prairie S 3 .W ' Lu -V.. ; . ; - S olauijKteredJor the Hide TJve Great Buffalo-Killing Match. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON I ECENTLY the following news dls- R patch from Denver, Colo., was wlde-I wlde-I ly printed In newspapers throujftotjt me country: "uooKe unea, one or the last of the buffalo hunters whq supplied meat to construction crews In pioneer days of the West, Is dead here at the age of eighty-eight Rhea, who was professional hunter for the Union .Faclflc, Is . reputed to have killed 67 buffaloes In one day." Although there aregtlll living plenty of old timers who at one time or another killed buffalo, the majority of the professional hunters have already followed their quarry over the Great Divide, But the passing of this one of their number serves to recall what has been characterized as "an epic chapter of American history" but one In which Americans can take little pride because It -furnishes a record of wasteful, ruthless slaughter by a nation of people, peo-ple, unparalleled In history. As for the record of Individuals In that whole-Bale whole-Bale killing, mention of Rhea's mark of "C7 buffaloes buf-faloes In one day" Inevitably brings to mind the feat which won for William Frederick Cody , the sobriquet by which he became world-famous "Buffalo Bill." In 1SG7 the Kansas Pacific railroad was being built west through "Kansas and the firm 'of God-dard God-dard Brothers, who had the contract for feeding the army of 1,200 laborers,? were looking about for a hunter to providejthe mainstay In the laborers' la-borers' fare buffalo meat. At first they offered the Job to the celebrated "Wild BUI" tlitkok, but he declined and suggested that they employ young Bill Cody, who had already won some renown re-nown as an Indian fighter and guide. The result re-sult was an agreement whereby Cody for a salary sal-ary of $500 a month agreed to provide the hindquarters hind-quarters and humps of 12 buffaloes per day. Cody worked for Goddard Brothers a little less than .13 months and In that time, according accord-ing to his' own count, he killed a total of 4.2S0 buffaloes. lie became very popular among the workmen, one of whom Is said to have made up the following Jingle which fixed his famous nickname nick-name upon him: . . Buffalo Bill, Buffalo Bill, Nerer missed and never will; Alw7i aimi and ehoota to kill And the company paja hit buffalo bill jput having had the title of' "Buffalo Bill" thus --- -. r conierrea upon nun, Ajouy was soon canea upon to defend that title. Army officers stationed at Fort Wallace, having seen the buffalo-killing feats of Billy Comstock, a noted guide and In terpreter who was chief of scouts at that post, Tanged a match between Comstock and Cody for a wager of $500 a side. The two men were to hunt 'one .day qfelght hours, beginning at eight o'clock in the morning and closing at Tour o'clock in the afternoon and the man who should kill the greater number of buffaloes from on horseback in that time was to be declared the winner, The match took place in 1SCS and was staged east of the new town of Sheridan, Kan. Cody in his autobiography has given the following ac count of the match The buffaloes were quite plenty, and It was agreed that we should go Into the same herd at the same time and make a run, as we called It, each one killing as many as possible. A referee was to follow each of as on horseback when we entered the herd and count 'the buffaloes killed by each man. ... - -"We were fortunate In the first run In getting good ground. Comstock was mounted on one of his favorite horses, while I rode old Brlgham. I felt confident that I had the advantage of Corn-stock Corn-stock In two things : first, I had the best buffalo horse that ever made a track; and second, I was using what was known at that time as the needle gun, a breech-loading Springfield rifle calibre 60 It was my favorite old "Lucretla Borgia'; while Comstock was armed with a Henry rifle, he could Ere a rew shots quicker did not carry powder and lead enough to do ex-ecutioceqaal ex-ecutioceqaal to my caliber 50. "At last, the time came to begin the match. Comstock and I dashed into a herd, followed by ', the referees. The buffaloes separated ; Comstock took the left bunch and I the right My great forte In killing buffaloes from horseback was to get them circling by riding my horse at the head -pf -the herd, shooting the leaders, thu crowding their followers to the left, till they woflld final ly circle round and round. "On this morning the buffaloes were accom- mouating, ana i soon had them running in a. beautiful circle, when I dropped them, thick and fast until I had killed 88; which finished my run. Comstock began shooting at the rear of the herd which he was chasing, and they kept straight on. He supceeded, however, In killing 23, but they were scattered over a distance of three miles, while mine lay close together. I had 'nursed' my buffaloes, as a billiard player does the balls when he makes a big run. . . . "While taking a short rest, We suddenly spied another herd of buffaloes coming toward us. It was only a small drove, and wre at once prepared to give the animals a lively reception. They proved to be a herd of cows and calves which by the way, are quicker in their movements than the bulls. We charged In among them, and I con cluded my run with a score of 18, while Cora stock killed 14. The score now stood 56 to 37 In my favor. "After we had eaten a lunch which was spread for us, we came up close to another herd. As was so far ahead of my competitor In the number num-ber killed, I thought I could afford to give an extra exhibition of my. skill. ... So, leaving my saddle and bridle with the wagons, we rode to the windward of the buffaloes as usual, and when within a few hundred yards of them we dashed Into the herd. I soon had 13 tlald out on the ground, the last one of which I had driven down close to the wagons, where the ladles were. It frightened some of the tender creatures to see the buffalo coming at full speed directly toward them ; hut when he had got within 50 yards of one of the wagons, I shot him dead In his tracks. This made my COth buffalo, and finished my third and last run, Comstock having killed 40. "As It was now late In the afternoon, Com stock and lils backers gave up the Idea that he could beat me, and thereupon the referees declared de-clared me the winner of the match, as well as the champion buffalo hunter of the plains." Although Cody won the title of "champion buf falo hunter'' with his record of killing C9 of the anlmalf in one day, he was far from being the "champion buffalo killer." That dubious honor hon-or (If Indeed.lt could be awarded to any ln: dividual) was to be reserved for one of the army of hide hunters who in a little more than a de cade were to drive the buffalo to the verge of extinction Armed with the" heavy Sharps buf-fato buf-fato rlffe wbtch fired sslng" of tea two Inches In length, half an inch in diameter and weighing weigh-ing eight "lo a pound and the complement to the rifle, a "shooting rest" made of two sticks tied together X-fashlon. which were set In the ground to support the barrel of the Sharps, the hide hunter would creep up on a herd of buffalo and methodically set to work shooting down the anl-mals anl-mals until he had killed everyone in range or until the smell of blood after a few bad been killed stampeded the remainder of the herd. The late Wyatt Earp, famous gun fighter and peace officer of odge City,-Kan, and Tombstone, Tomb-stone, Ariz., who was a buffalo hunter at one time In his csteer, in an Interview a few years before his death bad the following to say about the work of the hide hunter : "With the best of luck a single hunter might kill 100 buffaloes in a day, from several standa That would be all that four skinners could handle. I found that the average bunch would stampede 'by the time 30 or 40 of their number had been killed. v In my years on the plains the known record kill from a single stand was held by Tom Nixon,' a famous shot who made headquarters at Dodge. He managed to knock over 120 animals without moving his rest sticks, but he mined his .Sharps rifle in. doing so. I have-known other hunters who boasted of records of more than 100 from a stand. The best authenticated total for a season's kill was set by Billy Ttlghman, .who afterward" served with me as a peace officer. He took 3,300 hides between September first of one year and. April first of the neit; no buffalo hunter that I knew on the plains ever toppedhatsco than I could, yet I waTTrycerta1rr thHt An adequate-hlegrtEewhoIe8aIe destruction of the animals may be obtained from the daU collected by the well known frontier historian, E. A, Brinlnstool, and presented !n one chapter of his Invaluable chronicle of border history, "Fighting "Fight-ing Red Clond's Warriors." In It he says In part : Of the Tast numbers or ties great animals on the western plains between 1850 and 1SS3 when the last big herd was practically exterminated, exter-minated, statisticians differ, but In the year 1S50 It Is safe to state that there wore In the neighborhood neigh-borhood of 50,000,000 buffalo ranging between Manitoba and the staked plains of Texas. Their numbers were literally innumerable. So vast were they that the first trains on the Union Pacific Pa-cific railroad were often obliged to stop until the immense herds had crossed their tracks. "In 1871 It was not uncommon to see herds of buffalo from. 20 to 50 miles in width. That same year CoL Richard Irving Dodge, an army officer of over 30 years' expecjence.. In Indian warfare, drove" ina Tight "waRohTiIohg iffe Arkansas Ar-kansas river from Walnut Creek to Pawnee Fork, through one herd of buffalo "not less than. 25 miles wide and extending north and south as far as the eye could reach. "It was when; the Union Pacific railroad was being built, in 1860-70 that the real, slaughter. of the buffalo began. Thousands of men flocked to the plains to enter this new and novel. 'Industry, 'In-dustry, and so countless were the hides which were thrown upon the market that the price dwindled from $4 and $5 each to as low as $1. "At one time 40,000 buffalo hides was stacked In a corral at Dodge City, Kan., awaiting! shipment. ship-ment. The hide hunters took only the skin, leaving leav-ing the carcass to rot, while thousands of men be It said to their disgrace slaughtered buffalo buf-falo for the mere wanton pleasure of killing. "One night early 'In the-'60s, Gen. Phil Sher-Uan Sher-Uan and Major Inman were occupying the office of Robert M. Wright, a prominent business 'man of Dodge City, Kan. They had Just made a trip from Camp Supply, and Mr. Wright was called Into the office to consult with the officers as to the probable number of buffalo between Dodge City and Camp Supply. Taking a strip 50 miles east and 50 miles west, they had first made an estimate of 10,000,000. General Sheridan Sher-idan said: 'That won't do.' They figured a while longer and finally made It 1,000,000,000. Finally they reached the conclusion that there must be 100,000,000, but said 'they were afraid to give out those figures lest they be accused of prevaricating. pre-varicating. But they stated that they believed it, nevertheless. . '-"The completion of the western railroad divided div-ided the buffalo into two Immense herds the notQthern and the southern. The southern herd In 1S71 was estimated at 3,000,000, and was being be-ing diminished at the rate of 3,000 to 4,000 a day. Robert Wright and Charles Rath of Dodge City shipped over 200,000 buffalo hides the first winter the A. T. & S. F. railroad reached Dodge, and they estimated that other parties shipped as many more. "The Santa Fe Railroad company compiled the following table showing the shipments made over their line as well as the .Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific roads: Buffalo Statistica for th Yean 1872-73-74. Year 1872 1873 1874 Total 187J , 187$ 1874 Total 1871 , 187S 1874 Total U. P.,K. P. A. T. A and all other S. F. . Railroada Hides Hides Total 165,721 Jl,84 497.163 251,443 502,886 754,829 42,289 84,678 126,867 459.453 918,901 1,378,359 . Jtfat, lbs. Meat, lbs. ' Total None None 1,617,600 S.235,200 4,852,800 632,800 1,263,600 1,898.400 2,250,400 4,600,800 S.751,200 Bones, lbs. Bones, lbs. Total 1.135.3U0 1,270,600 1,405,900 2,743,100 (.484,200 8,229 300 6,914.950 13,829,900 . 20,744,860 10,793,350 1,B8,T00 82,380,050 "From 1872 to 1S74 It Is estimated that th were 1.7S0.461 buffalo killed and wasted, the meat being left to rot upon the plains, the hides only being utilized. It Is reckoned that 3.158.7S0 Jn aU were killed by white hunters and the hides Shipped over the Santa Fe. During the same period the Indians killed but 890,000. Besides these, settlers and mountain Indian tribes are estimated to have killed 150,000. so that the grand total for these years was 3,698,780. Dur ing ue following year (1875), the end came to the great southern herd, and at the close of the year It had been nearly swept from the earth. One hunter In Ford county. Kan. ii1 credited with having killed 120 buffalo at one stand In 40 minutes, and in 35 days to have slain 2,173. Another Dodge City man says he killed 1,500 in 7 days, and that his greatest slaughter was 250 in a single day. He employed 15 skinners whose sole duty was to follow him up with wagons and remove the hides as fast as he killed the animals. The great northern herd went the same wav In 18S2 it was estimated that there were l.OOO. 000 alive In this herd. But there, were at least 5.000 white hunters, la the field shooting and (laughlerltig the beasts came 1SS3. Thousands more grabbed rifles and tooa to tne neid. Such a merciless war of extermination ex-termination was never known In a civilized land." ' The final chapter In the orgy Of' Killing may be summarized in one fact In 1SS4 the Northern Pacific railroad carried one scanty carload of buffalo hides east the last It ever carried. Th day of i the buffalo was over. (C tT Waatem Newipapar CBloa.) n. pr?nn H W. 6ARPER. New Tori State College of Agriculture. i ' WNU Service. A group of farmers, self-organized to buy a breeding stallion adapted to the horse, needs of the community, and who buy a stamon direct from a breeder, is a horse-breeding horse-breeding association. The horse-breeding association Is similar to the old-time horse company, com-pany, but lacks the outside promoter pro-moter who has a horse to sell and who has to be paid for his sales-promotion sales-promotion activities. The bid horse company, which made horse breeding breed-ing too expensive In New York state, was usually organized by an agent who sold about twenty-five farmers each a hundred-dollar share of stock, and then sold the company a horse. It Is unnecessary forjarmers to rperature y the added expense, when the horse-breeding association is Dotn cheap and workable. When In need of a stallion, the association may send a committee of Its members to horse-breeding sections, where they not only buy a stallion at a fair price, but see good breeding establishments, learn to know the better breeders, and make contracts with prospective buyers. The cost of a stallion under the breeding association as-sociation plan Is usually about half the cost In a horse company. Repellent Washes That Cause Injury to Trees Many repellent washes, such as whitewash, - diluted -.lime-sulphur soap suds, coal tar, gas tar, axle grease, paint, various oils, and other oth-er substances, are often recommended recom-mended as washes or paints for fruit trees to prevent injury by rabbits rab-bits and field mice. During mild winters all of these materials may work very well. If snow has been on the ground, however, for a week or more and rajjwttts1 and mice need food badly, .seriousjnjury may be done to the frees where washes of the above substances have been applied. ap-plied. Such substances as paint. cal tar, gas tar, axle grease, concentrated concentrat-ed oils, and combinations of such materials may do serious Injury to the tree trunks and even cause the trees to die. To be on the safe side, the grower should not usei such substances, as there are others which may be used with as good results re-sults -without danger of harm. If repellant or poisonous wash is desired, use whitewash, soap suds, or dormant strength lime-sulphur and add lead arsenate at the rate of about two pounds to 50 gallons. These waslies may 'be applied with' a sprayer, which will facilitate the work. Greater concentrations may be made and the repellents applied by means of an ordinary paint brush. There Is little or no danger of these washes doing Injury to tree trunks no matter when or how applied. ap-plied. Exchange, Best Pig Management If at all possible, the farrowing places for pigs should be out In clean pastures. These pigs should be left in these clean pastures as long as there is any green feed available. There are three reasons why this kind of pig management Is advisable: It prevents the pigs becoming Infested with worms; it reduces the possible losses from anemia; and It helps to give the pigs a good start before winter weather necessitates their being more closely confined In central hog houses and under dry lot feeding conditions. As a rule, winter ra tfons are more or less deficient In nutritive values. It Is not quite fair to young pigs to put them on ra tlons of this kind In addition to their already having a poor start- Hoard's Dairyman. Warm Building! Help Birds Fight Disease. By H. P. Twltehell, Agricultural En gineer, Ohio Stat University. WNU Service.- Insulating the poultry, flock from the low temperatures of winter helps In keeping the birds free from disease and in a good, rigorous con ditlon. One of the most economical meth ods of insulating the poultry house Is to pack cornstalks around the outside walls.. The fodder Is best piled at least a foot thick and should be wired securely In place. It may be removed In the spring. In order to make the Insulation effective ef-fective In the control of sudden tem- changes, the iuilding should be made tight to prevent heat loss through leakage. Dtfoi and windows are best made to fit as snugly as possible.' All baffle work or muslin curtains used for ventilation may be replaced with sash. During mild weather, ventilation ventila-tion may be obtained by adjusting the windows. If Insulation board Is used in guarding the flock against low tem peratures it maybe protected from the chickens by painting It with a cement paste. This can be made by. mixing together equal parts of cement and fine sifted sand. Add sour milk until a thick paint con sistency is obtained. Do not use water In the, mix. It is best to mix only. small quantities - of - the paint at a time. It should bestirred constantly to keep the heavier particles par-ticles from settling. Apply two coats with a. stiff brush. Twelve pounds of cement, 12 pounds of sand, and 1 gallon of sour milk will cover 80 square feet If two coats are applied. "'hi i Atvaai'. , Agricultural Hints The hay crop In Wisconsin was the smallest In 15 years. ; Apply mulch around perennial plants and not directly on the tops of them. . Addition- of cottonseed meal to the ration Increased gains and Improved Im-proved the finish of the lambs. You can plant tulips op to January Janu-ary 1, and be. assured of good bloom If yon can work the" soli. It Is better to have honey not only for winter, but for spring brood-rearing as well, thus making early disturbance of the colonies unnecessary. With 31.095,000 bushels of the 1931 corn, crop still remaining- on Illinois farms on November 1 this year, the carryover of old com la the largest since 1926. Pure breds or scrubs? A survey very state of the Tnlon shows that registered animals mature ma-ture earlier, give a quicker turnover turn-over on Investment make gains on less feed. An average price of $25X25 for registered horses, J1&4.05 for grades, and $i52 for yearlings and foals was paid for the 39 head at a consignment consign-ment Sale sponsored by the Michigan Michi-gan Horse "Breeden association. Bringing Pullets Back to Production of Eggs According to Berley Wlnton, Missouri Mis-souri College fit Agriculture, how to get pullets back Into production In cold weather after they have gone Into a molt In November or December Decem-ber Is a question frequently asked. The reason why certain pullets molt Is because they do not have the Inherent In-herent ability to continue to lay during the winter. On the other band, many pullets go Into a molt because of faulty management or Incorrect feeding practices. Pullets Pul-lets that lay heavily in the fall qf ten lose body weight and this Is thought to be the primary cause of such pullets molting. To develop pullets that are heavy In weight prior to the time they come into production and then feed them In such a manner that they will maintain main-tain that weight, and continue to lay at the same ttae is difficult to do. To get pullets back Into laying condition In cold weather Is likewise like-wise a real problem. The use of-electric of-electric lights and the feeding of a moist, crumbly mash each day are the two methods commonly employed em-ployed to hasten production. Both methods have the same effect in that they are conducive to a greater consumption of feed. When electric lights are available care should be taken to see that they are used regularly turned on and off at the same time each day. The use of lights In the morning does not require a dimming device and the - operator is always at home. Just recently the use of all night lights has been reported with such a high degree of success. Such a system calls for the use of 15-watt bulbs rather than a more intensive light The Tim light will make it possiblefor thechlckens to jeat feed from 'hoppers at any time. Such lights will also reduce the cost of electric current One light Is used for jgch' 200 -square feet of floor space and should be suspended six feet above the floor. Missouri Farmer. POULTRY FACTS Each dollar Invested In lime re turns three dollars or more to the pocketbook. No matter how prime the birds are at the conclusion of the fattening fatten-ing period, the premium of one or more may be lost through carelessness careless-ness In killing and dressing. In breeding turkeys, more than with any other poultry, relationship should be avoided. Wlien inbreeding inbreed-ing is practiced, lack of Tltallty, crooked breast and other deformities deformi-ties will result Although an increase Is shown, turkey production in the United States Is now only where It was several sev-eral years ago, when the population popula-tion of the country was much under un-der the present figure, The newest luminary In the poultry poul-try world ISvtherecord-breaklBg New York singleomb White Leghorn Leg-horn pullet that laid 355 eggs to break the present worlds' record In weight of eggs. She" came within two eggs of equaling the record of the number of eggs established -t few years ago by a British Colon bla pullet of the same breed. Book hare bir hearts ind wit that ill w uciwecn mt lines, " "Be a-ood to friends is good adrica.1 .. - v, , i. Buunuru nice, 1 "If thou knews't what is goad for thei BK UJIAl, TO HOME INDUSTKT.'I 0Iggg5 - Manners Manners arethe happy wayi dping things; eajfch one a strofc genius or lovenow repeated hardened into usage, they fi at least a rich varnish with w the routine of life is washed its details adorned. If they on the surtace, so are the drops whieh give such a deptlf the morning meadows. Emeri ASK TOUR DRUGGIST. F01 L-C LAX AN INTERMOUNTAIN PRODUCf APES s& No Special Type of "Liner' The term "liner has no referej to the type of ship, but rathei the trade in which it is engai It is any ship operating on a a alar line. A liner can operate tween river points. It is a linen long as it maintains a regil schedule. THIS WEEK'S PRIZE STO a xr.w v.., t nitrlT here aralnl Let hi make it a happy and protpei no by adopting this slogan: "Buy at home! Buy IntermoanUia si goods insuring sales from ear larau , . . i. th . . ADDS WO Will DO CUHti muling - fat making 1S33 a Prosperous aM at Year. ' . EDNA HiCKDf Spring Canyon, Roman Postal System Th Romans depended on trf era and traders to carry letter! (distant points, and if the mest Vas important code writing often used. Old College Fraternity 'Beta Theta Pi .was the piol fu nt -rtio Middle Westl AiabdJiifj ui - i was established at Miami snl sity, Oxford, Ohio, m 1839. JOSEPH WM. TAYLOR, li Dtll t LMlli( loratan Funerals on Time Payment PI Silt till City, lta TtoM t fhnWlrnl Creature The sphinx was a mytholoj monster; variously u".v"' :4.l, a linn's MOV! head and sometimes the Mastl a woman, tne wmga w- - . t .11 -unnASoH tO a serpents -.i TPapnt some ancient symooie The Egyptians called the P? "au or jNeD iuuiu Obligations To owe an obligation to o hnnniness, aim ""i 11JC1IU -J tit J no disparagement Charron. NEW Med MOTOR OIL Sold with a MoneyBacni . ... . i v Reads Brightening Am -- j Renuine amber bea ?j brightened by - i .t,oW,s. alrin. No liquid or OKI VUfMJivaw - , I i elir.nl1 he used. 11 I i.00E,rHs2 ' Bimnai . . . mm If $5, shea Id terasosmtaia rn" y u , Bex IMS, SaH Uk f' " J ceire check let . . 1 A buzzards Bmeu, try fJv many burying In tne stance even rooms vm Stent naturalist has pro J . :rhi iSlrrrioli,t ;ves chieuy ui" ex lcMeflyuiKm--Baief iperinienti were portions of ,Mb' hauitV - & e?C7f birds' haufit.;th,f, buzzard? ir.i i roncealea deserted huts.. the when of The from d Pom; first fThin ipadour, goldfish to FMJj fas a vrtent t |