Show AS 1 L 5 60 t Z fa el k p ff al fa L chicago in 1520 fl om am aid pr t aie T ON 10 v r chica clo in 1832 f ran an old arnt 77 p A V MAN ibi ahe in wa the decoi dearborn Dear borm by ELMO SCOTT WATSON htiu HE city of chicago la Is planning to celebrate its one hundredth birthday and when it does it will invite the whole world to join in the ce ie lebra tion recently ground was brok brokers on the site where in 1033 will be held A century of progress exposition and work on the erection of buildings already has begun although that event Is two years hence chicago this year began to look back upon its century of 0 existence F for or it was on august 4 1 1830 that the town was platted the streets and lots lal laid out and the first map made in 1830 the total area of chicago was three eights of it ft square mile it had a population of less than 10 persons in 1930 chicago covers an expanse of 2105 square miles and it has a population of more than people and that tells the story in brief of the most moat ati amazing lazing growth of a city dinall in all history chicago Is the fourth largest city in the world with its years of history it bows only to london with its 2000 years to new york with its years and to berlin with its years although this child of aIji vamp for the greater part of its present area was once nothing but a mosquito ridden tract of sodden ground can coun count t back only years as an organized community and only 97 years it was incorporated in 1833 2833 hence the celebration in 1933 as a municipality in reality its recorded history goes back nearly years its name was first spoken by an indian some time far back in the unrecorded years before the white man came to the middle west A party of indian fox hunters so runs the legend pursued a large skunk which made its home along the southern shore of lake michigan into the lake and killed it from that time on the th southern part michigan was known to the sauk sank fox and kickapoo Klc kapoo tribes as shek agua meaning skunk or meaning the place of the skunk thatis the version of the origin of the name chicago as given in the publications of the american bureau of ethnology another version Is given in the journal of a certain boutel companion of la salle until the death of that ill fated explorer explore rin in texas in 1687 leading the survivors of la salles texan expedition back to canada boutel arrived atthe at the present site of chicago on march 29 1688 bad weather compelled them to remain there ten miserable days during which time they almost starved to death they had only a small amount of corn meal but they supplemented this with edible plants among them woods garlic or the wild onion and boutel records the fact that the indians called this place chec aque mea meaning wild onion Chec aqua a slight variation of the word Is said eald to have been the indian adjective for strong powerful mighty or strong smelling however kasnot the first to visit the site of the present chicago for countrymen of his were there nearly 20 years jears earlier it Is believed by sorie some that la salle visited the place in 1670 but the first authentically recorded visit by white mencas men was that of jollet joliet and marquette who passed that way on their return trip from the expedition down the mississippi in the autumn of 1673 marquette returned there again in december 1674 on his way to establish a mission among the illinois indians and because of illness was forced to spend the winter there I 1 the next french visitor to chicago was father claude allouez successor of marquette who reached there in the spring of 1677 on his way to establish the mission promised to the illinois indians la salle was waa the next visitor in 1678 and no doubt others iia passed ased that way tor for the chicago portage por tase the short connecting link between the two great waterways of the continent the great lakes st lawrence and the mississippi made it the natural path of the explorers just as in later years it was to become the natural path of commerce and settlement and to be one of the calif factors in building budding up the mighty city of theare the present s As previously bated boutel was there in 1088 1688 and he was followed in 1889 by la gontan explorer extraordinary according to his own account and maker of bf I 1 inaccurate nac curate maps chicago has been leion th the e butt of many jokes and one of the earliest ones wils was the product of indian humor for F or it t was the red re d man who sald said that the first white settler of chicago was a negro 11 ills his name was jean baptist e point du kalble there Is much dispute about this man one account represent him as aa a native of san domingo while nn another other states that he hewan waira a runaway slave groin from the vicinity of lexington ky it la Is known th atho he was st it chicago as aa early as 1778 although though sa trie the treaty elm the base of his trading operations was on the present site of michigan city ind the year 1700 found him established at chicago near the mouth of the river but how long he remained there is unknown certainly lie he seems to be more entitled to the honor of being the first settler non indian than does john kinzie the reputed father of chicago that title might be applied to one of several veral men depending on what your definition ot 06 father might be for george washington fattier father of ills his country might also be called the 41 father of chicago in 1795 president washington ordered gen anthony wayne who had just concluded his successful campaign against the indians of the northwest and was preparing to make a treaty of peace with them to purchase from the indians a piece of land six miles square at the mouth of the chicago river emptying into the southwest end of lake michigan where a tort fort formerly stood and this was included in the treaty of of greenville which was signed on august 7 washington clearly saw that this site was the key to possession of the old northwest and no doubt decided that if the united states government held it they could hold that vast vast empire against the british and the indians that title also might be applied to capt john whistler who arrived there in 1803 with whit ii a body of troops to build a fort for when he erected the first fort dearborn named in honor of secretary of war henry dearborn it marked the real beginning of the present metropolis around that fort was to cluster the settlement which eventually was to become a town of inhabitants and a hundred years later a city of more than when whistler and his men came to chicago they found four huts or cabins there belonging to io some french canadian traders one was occupied by le mal who had bought out du da kalble one by antoine whose name Is preserved in the present chicago suburb of ct wll wit m mette ette and a third by louis and his indian wife the fourth belonged to john kinzie a trader and silversmith who apparently had bad his headquarters elsewhere at that time probably at st joseph mich kinzie did not come to chicago to make it his home until early in 1804 he then occupied the hut in abich du kalble and le mat mal had in turn lived continued his trading business which prospered and made him the leading member of the civilian population around fort dearborn the story of the first rort fort dearborn is so BO familiar as to need no repetition how bow for nine years a small body af pf american broo troops P 9 commanded I 1 first by Capt captain alif whistler and later by capt nathan heald endured the privations privation of this lonely outpost on the frontier how the threat of an Ind indian lari uprising became more oral ominous as the certainty of war with great britain BrIth lit increased and I 1 how that threat culminated in the tragedy of august 15 1812 popularly known as the fort dearborn massacre for on that day captain heald in obedience to orders froni from a superior for officer which left him no alternative but t to 0 obey evacuated the post and marched south along the sand duties dunes there to be attacked by the fierce in nn an orgy of bloodshed which will forever remain oneff one of the tragic frigic memories in the history of chicago that night the indians burned the he fort and the next fl ve years marks a hiatus in the tory etory of chicago on july 4 1817 another body of troops 1 arrived and began the construction of another fort for adear dear born which was occupied for four years when the government ordered its evacuation in 1827 occurred the winnebago war wae which for a jimb furnished plenty of excitement for chicago and led eventually to the reoccupation of tho the fort bov but this war wis was a short ily lived e d one and in them the spring of 1831 the tort for t was again abandoned less lass than a year later how however everIt it wits was again gar I 1 4 AZ DIPS R sauganash Sau ganash hotel Ih blet the outbreak of the blackhawk war saw fort dearborn and the recently platted village of chicago crowded with panic stricken settlers A the w were ere filled with suffering both from fear of the red man and from an epidemic of cholera but the plague and the war ended almost simultaneously and with the lu rush of white settlers which followed the smashing of Black hawks power the rise of the future 0 great city began port fort dearborn had bad not only been an important military post but it was also the center of the governments relations with the indians the outcome of the blackhawk war was the handwriting on the wall for the red men and as he tide of immigration into the rich illinois country set in fit it became evident that the indian must move on visitors to the exposition in 1933 will be able to see a landmark which symbolizes the pa passing of the red man and the final conquest of the old northwest by the whites it Is a giant elm curl curi bent by the indians while hl e still a sapling which stands in a part of chicago known as sauganash Sau ganash because it includes the reservation of 1600 acres granted chiefs chief Sau sauganash ganash billy cald byell ell leader oatlie of the and oneff one of the heroes of the fort dearborn massacre under this elm were hold held the negotiations for the treaty made in 1835 2835 after chief sauganash Sau ganash had persuaded his tribesmen to accept the governments terms and leave their ancestral home forever another such landmark Is in the heart of the famous chicago loop it Is a bronze tablet marking i the site of the sauganash Sau ganash hotel e established elied by mark Besu blin in 1829 as Chi cagos first hostelry here on august 5 1833 a public meeting was held to decide upon the incorporation of chicago as a town A total of 12 votes was cast tor for incorporation and one against it it five days addys later the first town election was held in the Sau sauganash ganash six mentho men iWho who afterwards were voters arrived just before the election was held and in all 28 votes iotes were cast electing tour four trustees and a president of the town board it Is this event which furnishes the motif for the celebration two year hence but Is only the beginning of the events which are tobe to be celebrated for as the title of the exposition indicates it will be lindan held in honor of the progress 0 of f chicago from ii a town with a population of less aban than in IBM 1833 to a city of more than 0 ln in and of more than by the time of the civil war then ciame came Chi Clil cagos great disaster the fire of 1871 2871 to wipe out nearly all that had iao so far been accomplished but instead of killing the city the conflagration seemed to only Spurt spur the be young giant on chicago rose from the ashes to build and grow on an even grea greater ter scalo scale and 60 years after its organization as a municipality found it playing host to the world in one of the greatest celebrations ever held the worlds columbian exposition of 1893 it was waa about Ws this time that ona one of Chi cagos leading citizens daniel H U burnham fattier fath er of the city improvement plan which Is now making chicago not only one of the greatest but one of the most beautiful cities of the world uttered these words make no little plans ians they have bave no magic to stir mens blood and probably themselves will not be realized make Mak ebig big plans i remember that our sons and grandsons are going to do things that would stagger us let your watchword be order and your beacon ben beauty uty and it Is to show how well thi this child 0 of f a scrimp has ha heeded those words that chicago Is the corid to come to the party tm in A Q by bajon |