Show I 1 NEWS RECORD NO OF YEAR 1928 summary of the notable events of the twelve months in america and abroad HOOVERS BIG VICTORY republicans sweep the country in the presidential election kellogg treaty to outlaw war signed I 1 ay by nearly all nations china won by the nation fillets germany and the reparations by EDWARD W PICKARD herbert hoover the dulai nat ing figure of the year luy 1928 in united states tills this by reason tit af lily sweeping victory in tile the election at tile the close of tin tile must in fit te resting campaign the country had had in withy years arid and tits yowl good will tour of tile lutin latin aineth un re publics until tile the verdict of the polls was rendered air Ilo lluu urs overs rival for or the presidency gov at al of new york wits was equally in tile the public eye eie und the alie pub lie wind mind economically und arid ly the country enjoyed a prosperity that has seldom been equalled equal led out nut withstanding the diet that tile the leva lem of Kel relieving leving the troubles or of the agriculturists remained unsolved uns alved internationally the outstanding ernt of tho the year was the putting for ward of the so called kellogg multi lateral treaty to outlaw war and its signature in paris by nearly all the civilized nations of the world efforts to accomplish it a rei reduction luction of armaments made by the league of nations and by various statesmen had no deti nite results but tile the net kel logg pact was looked on by roost most p peo plo pie is as a real step toward wold peace the tenth anniversary of tile the armis tice faund the questions of bf german reparations still till unsettled but the governments most concerned were about to open a conference for the purpose of debei mining finally whal and how the germans must pay the close cloge of the year ear a also 1 ro saw stops steps b aft e ing taken by resident president Coolid ad for tile reopening of tile the question of american adherence to the world court in tile hope that the Huro european peart nations might accept the american Americ cn s in tile far east china provided much of the interest and in a tile relict of the 0 lne ine warf n rd was ended with the victory of tile the nationalists japan furnished a spec i incident in the lie borm formal al coronation of emperor latin Ain america erlea wits was rather more peaceful than usual with the exception of nicaragua and in alia tha t republic the Amer american lenn marines and diplomats succeeded in bringing no an end to the civil warfare und end in giving the little republic a real election of a president international early carly in january leal resident dent coolidge created a precedent by journeying to havana cubit to attend tile the opening of the pan american confer ence arid and to deliver an address before that body ile he returned at once leaving the interests In teresta of the united 9 tater in the able hands of diaries charles evans and his fellmy delegates at the instance of mexico it was decided decI deI that the union should not have power to con isder political questions though some of the delegates tried earnest earnestly lr to make it virtually an american league of nations Ilo lo norlo don head of tile the argentina delegation insisted that the union adopt a declaration against the maintenance of tariff walls between the american re republics tilles and when mr would not listen to this and it was turned down don by the conference resigned both from his delegation delegat loo and as ambassador to washington before this occurred lie he and ninny many others othera found occasion to denounce intervention n antion by one nation tu ili the internal affairs of another the attack of cour course being aimed at tile the polley policy of the united states in the ene case of nicaragua As it was evident that a resolution embodying these views could not be carried unanimous ly further discussion of tile the subject was waa referred to the klenth oe conference definite results of the session were the acceptance by twenty states of a code of private tn internal terna law adoption of resolutions that disputes of a juridical nature be to arbitration that aggressive gres sive war be outlawed find and the republics of america committed to tile the use of peaceable means for the settlement of all disputes between them the beginning of the codification of international law the signing of it a convention on commercial ovia avla alon and the putting into full effect of the pan ilan american sanitary code in december there was a serious threat of warfare between bolivier and paraguay over the lie disputed gran chaco region at the samp time imp a pan american conference on concilia tion and arbitration opened in wash logina and its first efforts were dl 11 erected toward ev erting this outbreak ot of hostilities the council of the league ot nations ulso also urged the two republics to settle their quarrel with out resort re rc sort to arms on february 0 6 the one hundred and fiftieth of the sign ins ing of to 00 first treaty between the united cited states and F france rance the two notions signed a nov arbitration pact binding cavia party not to go to war with till lite other the american government ornnie nt nt the time suggested that atiat a hotter better way would be to unite the efforts of tho the two powers to obtain the adhesion of till all the lite principal p era of the world to a declaration denouncing noun cing war as an instrument of their national policy this wits was the inception of the multilateral treaty which secretary of state kellogg lat er proposed to tile chief powers one by one the nations accepted the plan in ili principle sonie some of them with res and finally the pact was drawn up to suit nil all france thereupon invited fourteen other I 1 nations to send representatives to paris earls to sign the treaty all responded and on august 27 the ceremony was per formed nied tile the pact was left open for the alie nillie adhesion sion of other nations and a few weeks most of the governments ern ments of tile the civilized world had accepted it promising as this move merit toward general pence peace seemed it wits was regarded by certain elements in some borne countries especially the united unite states nil and italy with cynical derision dorl slon approval by tile amer lelin senate Is to give it effect and some of tile the senators were known n to be opposed to it senator borah of the foreign relations committee however gave the treaty tits warm indorsement endorsement Indor evacuation of the rhineland and the fixing of tile the total of nf the reparations obligations was still insisted on by Ger germany ninny by the terms of the dawes dadea agreement she was paying large sums bums regularly on account but the time when the payments should end was coming coining no nearer the allies at lust last reco recognized recognised this intolerable situation and in Nove november niber it was agreed that a congress of experts should be convened to revise the dawes plan and try to ox fix the total reparations france persisted in the idea that the question of reparations should be tied up with that of her war debt to the united states hut but washington made it plain that this could not be john bassett moore american resigned on april 28 na as a member of the permanent court urt of international justice commonly known as the world court most of the national groups nominated charles evans hughes to succeed him and the assembly and council of the league of nations Kat lons overwhelmingly confirmed the choice on september 8 I 1 FOREIGN great britain pursued the even tenor of its way but was not in good economic condition the great number of the unemployed especially in tile mining districts led the government to try tile experiment ica help in ing ro ninny any men to migrate to canada Canad fi and Atia australia to co engage in agricultural work this was successful to a limited extent but din did not especially espe delally please the dominions early ln in tile lie year parliament passed the franchise ir franchise anchise measure known as the flappers bill and thus about five million more women were given tile the vote during the session of parliament meni the house rejected the prayer boob boal rev revision islon proposed by the authorities of the church of england and churchill introduced a spectacular budgetary scheme for reforming local government and relieving industrial depres depression slon J H whitley resigned as speaker and capt E A fitzroy was elected to succeed him attacks on the metropolitan pollee police led to a parliamentary investigation arid and to the appointment of lord byng as aa coin commissioner in essl oner king george contracted In flamma lion alon of the lungs late in november and his condition became so PO alarming that the prince of wales and his brother the duke of gloucester hurriedly returned from a hunting trip in africa his majesty appointed a royal commission headed by the queen to act for him buting tits his illness dr randall thomas davidson Dav ldson archIll archbishop shop of canterbury arid primate of england created a precedent by resigning lu in july and dr cosmo long lang archbishop of york was appointed to the place the earl of birkenhead Birker head thead resigned as a secretary of state for foi india arid was succeeded by viscount peel on february 1 james In tales mcneill was installed as go governo vernot t general of the irish free strife perhaps the most interesting event in ill the empire outside of great britain was the derisive decisive defeat of prohibition in new south writes and canberra Lun herrn the federal dis district triet of 61 Aut australia authilla nilla in november the south african cabinet of premier Ilert hertzog zog resigned and hp he formed a new government france as always devoted demoted an enormous amount of attention to politics premier held power throughout the year in the elections on april 22 he won a decided victory and when he resigned in Nove november niber he was persuaded to retain office and form a new ministry the radical socialists were recalcitrant and plu ili rare care left them out of tits government the tenth anniversary found france in a gratifying state of tion most alost of the lie farm homes and buildings had been rebuilt the floo flooded deI coal mines hail had been restored to pro ducting ond and factories had find re stored stared and nil all were busy the fram arnn had been stabilized and the file foreign trade showed a large Ine rense uti un employment was almost nonexistent the communists created disturb ances luring the hie summer in ili I anio ea troyes and ivry but were effectually suppressed several nuton auton were convicted in n any plod sentenced to prison but president Doumer gup pardoned them Sean dalt attending the grunting of by the parts courts to americans led to I 1 I 1 reforms in the procedure of those tribunals germany laboring under the burden of the he reparations payments was said eald by her ambassador to washington to be distinctly on the upgrade this notwithstanding rather unfavorable business ine conditions editions and an increase in the number of unemployed with premier mussolini still its dictator italy seemed to be making steady progress and the supremacy of the fascist party was continued confirmed and strengthened the duce put into full effect his plan for reorganization of the government to put practically all power in the hands of the grand counell council accomplished monetary reform and put through a law for his pet scheme of land reclamation and utilization rumania was torn by dissension tile the peasant party demanding a share in the government finally the revolt grew so serious that premier gratiano Brnt Bra lano was forced by the regency to resign and cullu leader of the peasants came irto power as head of a 8 coalition government ahmed dogu th the e handsome young dIcta dictator toi of albania decided that his bis country should have a king and promoted himself to that position taking the title of Scander beg III soviet Rus sias rulers have not yet solved the great issue of how to reconcile the conflicting interests of the industrial and the agrarian sections of the population and during the year there were sporadic revolts of the tha peasants without result the government continued its earnest efforts to enlist financial aid from abroad and one of its successes was the completion of a contract with the international general electric company of now new york for the purchase of OW worth of electric equipment in this country the exploitation of the count rys rich oil resources was carried on energetically the rules governing concessions to foreign business interests teresta In were radically i modified in september generally speaking russia was in a healthier condition than at any time alace the revolution victory of the chinese nationalists was won after long and hard fighting and despite the opposition of japan marshal chang tso alln manchurian Manc hurlan war lord wits was forced to abandon peking on june 8 and on his way to mukden his train was bombed and he was wag fatally injured the nationalists established a complete government and constituted the capital of the republic chiang kal shek their was elected president of the council the name of peking was changed to Pei neiping ping meaning northern peace the united states took the first step toward recognition of the new government by negotiating a treaty granting china tariff autonomy great britain germany france and Italy fall began t negotiations with jha the n g government japan alone holding aloof because of tier her claim that herb her old treaty with china was still in ili effect gen alvaro Oh obregon regon being the only surviving candidate for the presidency of mexico after the had been suppressed was elected on july 1 I to take office on december 1 but on july 17 as he was attending a banquet in his honor he was assassinated by it a young native named toral the crime created a great sensation and the trial of the murderer and tits his alleged accomplices was waa watched with immense interest in november toral was convicted and condemned to death and a nun mother concepcion Concep Conce clon who was accused d of being the intellectual author of the crime was condemned to twenty years in prison it was up to the notional national assembly assemble to choose a Provis provisional lonal president to serve sene fourteen months from Pece niber ber t 1 rind president calles refusing thi the lot joh it was given to emilio portes fit fill while american marines were v erp trying quite successfully to pacify nica ragna and quite unsuccessfully to catch Sandl no the lie rebel brig gen frnnk frank lecoy ins tile the hend head of tin an Amer amerlean lenn electoral coin mission was w ns for till nn honest unit tin impartial presidential election tion tills this wits authorized by a decree ace of p danz a z the voters pro properly perly reg in advance wien they went to the polls on N I 1 4 patch nuin man was required to dip tits his thumb in a staian to prevent repeat repeating ink the election wits ans carrieo ot off and resulted in the chalce of gen joise ghirla monr Alon iian vaila the ills his majority over adolfa B nard ton con ser lve wits was chont DOMESTIC nothing else was waa so interesting to the lie people of the united states us its the business of selecting their next resident the campaigning nang started early and front tile the beginning it wa was ably apparent that st secretary cretaro of coin aiu marce herbert hoover would win the I 1 tand that lint lor GOT at al smith of new york would hend hed the democratic tick pt the alie 0 0 11 na dional convention on in lum june 12 1121 tn ili Kf ansis city try with the delegates strongly entrenched the lh only other prominent candidates being fran anink L 0 ilden Iw den of it 1111 illinois arid nd S |