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Effective Bookbinding HALLER JAKLON IIY do men risk their lives in hazardous expeditions to the polar reIs there anything to be gions? gained, other than the satisfaction of their curiosity and the lure oil adventure, which justifies to any reasonable degree the unending hardships they suffer, not to mention the enormous costs involved and the long months of preparation and study necessary even before a start Is made? Most of us regard a polar dash as a spectacular stunt, full of thrills for the few who engage in It and anxiety and uneasiness for those who remain at home. Whats the use of exploring and chartmiling new territory whose area Is more than a lion square miles if this land Is only to be found burled under tons of ice centuries old? It Is obvious, however, with three costly expeditions planned and one already in the field that there is some sound reason behind all this effort, something more Important than the charting of that spot on the map which now is a blank marked "Unknown Area. From John Tllghman Rowland, fellow of the American Geographical society, writing in the New comes some very logical York Ilerald-Tribunreasons concerning the Importance of polar exIn North ploration. He believes that we who live adIn these interest great a vital have America ventures. A hundred years from now he intimates, it is not unlikely that historians will view these now regard expeditions in the same light that we Sixteenth and Fifteenth of the the epochal voyages centuries, when Columbus and Magellan, as well as many other daring navigators, discovered those more temperate parts of the earth, paved the way for colonization and thus changed the history of the world. We must realize that the age we live in is an of persons and age of rapid transportation, both been annihilated have Distances ideas. and things, which not so by mans Ingenuity, and journeys weeks are and in reckoned days long ago were It now thought of in terms of hours and days. Atthe cross to days took our forefathers thirty five to lantic ; we speed across it vtoday in from or hop ocean luxurious in palaces, seven days across in an airplane in less than two days. The barriers between nations have been broken down, and man finds the world today a much smaller place than the world of yesterday. a moNow Mr Rowland asks us to glance for not drawn which, although above map, ment at the Do accurately to scale, will serve ourof purpose. northern the countries all the how you notice Arctic ocean? hemisphere are grouped around the and Canada facing each Russia (Siberia) Theres other across the diameter of the Arctic ocean. widely Ordinarily we think of them as being touches separated. The tip of Alaska nearly Siberia. Norway and Sweden, by this route, find themselves not at all so distant from the Far East as they have hitherto supposed. Its really Just a hop over that part of the horizon which lies under the pontoons of the larger alrplape in the above picture. Thus, the Arctic ocean is truly a new Mediterranean, geologically as old as time; but strikingly new as a factor in the affairs of men. On this ocean Europe, Asia and America all have frontage, which, if the climate of the Arctic were reversed, would have been bordered long ago with thriving cities and shipping centers. Imagine this ocean free of ice so that it offered no obstacles to the passage of ships. Immediately new trade routes would be opened. Vessels, both freight and passenger, which now ply between European ports and those of Asia via the Suez and Panama canals or around the Cape of Good of the worlds Hope, plowing through endless miles across widest oceans, would take a new short-cu- t the top of the world. Sailing northward between Greenland and Spitsbergen, they would steam quickly across some rlace not far from the pole and descend into the Behring strait. After holding their course southward for a few days they would reach the ports of Korea, China, and Japan. Enormous savings in fuel, time and distance would Covering hooks with colorful bindings not only gives an added note of interest to the bookshelf but protects the hooks. Books can easily be bound with wall paper, cretonne, chintz and pieces of old brocaded silks. It Is always advisable to either varnish or shtliac the material used, to give it a nice ns well as lasting finish. By PROEHL be effected, not to mention the item of fuel economy. Short lines of communications would spring up also between Canada and Russia, Alaska and Norway, and northwestern Europe and Siberia. The Arctic ocean would be alive with ships, and those nations would realize that their Arctic coasts were by far the most important they possessed. This, Mr. Rowland says, would mean not only commercial but military readjustments on a huge scale, for in the future whoever controlled that ocean would hold the key to world trade. Of course, nobody expects the climate of the Arctic to undergo this radical change, but there is the possibility, however, that within a relatively short time we shall produce ships of a kind that will recognize no such harrier as the Arctic offers, for the good reason that ice Is no obstacle to a ship navigating the air. We have the assurance of aviation experts that polar air routes are feasible and that such flights can be made if someone will explore the entire Arctic basin and find out in particular the nature of the great unexplored area. This done, we can expect the day when giant planes will fly from hours. Such a England to Japan in forty-eigh- t trip would require a speed of not more than 100 miles an hour. How can this unknown area be explored? Northward from Alaska, in the center of the Arctic ocean, lies a million square miles of territory, the nature of which we know nothing. The Arctic Ice bars out ships, dog teams cannot cross it, for the distances are too great. Here and there the edges have been scratched by our adventurous explorers, who have been forced to admit that this mighty area defies penetration. The one remaining way to conquer this region is through the air. Two years ago the chances against the airplane were heavy, but today with better steering Instruments, improved planes and motors, and a better knowledge of Arctic conditions, the chances are strongly In favor of the air route. Conditions most favorable for the flight are found In the early spring. The day is twenty-fou- r hours long. Thick snow underneath. Instead of melted snow and open water, affords adequate landing fields, and in April and early May the Arctic air Is less obscured with fog than at any other time of year. What explorers want most to find in this unknown area Is solid earth. If land Is there and if it offers safe landing places for aircraft, Its disimportance. covery will be an event of world-wid- e It will permit the establishment of supply bases, lighthouses and radio stations to guide the pilots oil future air liners. With fuel and food near at hand no airship ever would be more than a few hours from help in this polar desert, and the risk of such travel would be cut in half. Those who have visited the Arctic are Inclined to believe that such land exists. They have watched the behavior of tides and currents in the polar basin, which would Indicate the presence of land. They have seen migratory birds fly straight out to sea Just before their nesting season and disappear over the far horizon. Discovery of land there would have an important military significance. Station a fleet of speedy bombing planes upon the new land and they would command an International area. Alaska and northwestern Canada would be completely at their mercy and only upon these planes supply of fuel wonld rest the security of Great Britain, central Europe, Scandinavia and Japan. No other spot on the earth is equidistant from so many Important points. Place one point of a pair of dividers on this unknown area and the other point somewhere on the fortieth parallel of latitude in the northern hemisphere. Using the first point as a center, you can describe a circle which for the most part will include the world's greatest cities and economic centers. Of course, it may be argued that a flying base in such a far northern location would have value only at certain seasons, but It Is also true that aggressor nations generally choose their own time to strike. It is not without the bounds of Imagination to foresee the world threatened by some predatory power which had ucqulred the new land. All nations in the last few years have begun to show increasing Interest In their Arctic possessions. Canada has declared sovereignty over all lands between her northern coast and the pole, yet not a few of them were discovered by explorers sailing under the flag of the United States. This new principle of sovereignty ought to give the United States a title to all lands lying north of Alaska, but It cannot be relied upon to have this effect. Those who have studied the problem urge that the United States and Canada join forces In these matters. The right of a nation to the territory it discovers is not yet outlawed, and if new discoveries tend to disrupt world peace some definite policy, such as internationalization of the new land, must be agreed upon. This year America will be represented In the dash to the pole. Commander Richard E. Byrd of the United States navy, on leave, who commanded the navy flyers in the Arctic last summer, has chosen Spitsbergen as a hopping-of- f place. From here be goes to the northernmost point of land in the world, a promontory in Greenland. After a base has been established at this place, he will return to Spitsbergen for additional fuel and supplies. He will then return to the Greenland base and fly to the pole, then either to Spitsbergen direct or via Greenland, as circumstances dictate. This expedition has been financed by such men as John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Vincent Astor, Thomas F. Ryan, Richard Hoyt of New York, Edsel Ford and Congressman Frothingharn of Massachusetts and several others. Explaining the details of the expedition In an article in the New York Times, Commander Byrd said: My plan is to do the flying in a series of legs of about 400 miles each. Careful calculation indicates that, with the three motors, the chances are about 500 to 1 against breakdown due solely to motor trouble on any single leg of the flight. "On our flights on the MacMillan expedition last year we operated near water, because we could not safely land on the ground. It was August, and the snow had largely melted away. Flying in the spring, however, we will carry sklls and will land and take off by skiing on the ground. The objective of our first flight will be the first landing field we can find on Peary land, the northernmost knpwn land in the world. It is at the extreme north tip of Greenland, about 400 miles northwest of Spitsbergen. We will stop at the first spot on Peary land that promises good skiing for the plane. Here It is our intention to deposit 1,000 pounds of gasoline, food and supplies. Then we purpose to fly back to King's bay, load up and return to our Peary land air base. Our exploration of unknown areas in the Arctic begins with our flight from Spitsbergen to Peary land. Most of the region between the two places is unexplored. After our second flight to Peary land we will be ready to make the attempt to fly to and around the North pole. Our objects are to explore the unknown stretch of about 400 miles from Peary land to the pole and possibly to accomplish the sporting feat of reselling the pole from the air. From our projected base in Peary land it Is approximate1 400 miles to the pole. If we reach the vicinity of the pole, our Instruments will enable us to determine, while in flight, our location within a margin of twenty miles. To make sure that we have reached and passed the pole, we will make a wide circle around it. This circle would he less than 100 miles in distance, but It would be a complete circumnavigation of the globe. Chesebrough Mfg. Company New York State St. Vaseline hk. g.. pat. or WROLKUM JKLL BAYER ASPIRIN PROVED SAFE Take without Fear as Told in Bayer Package FOE OVER 200 YEARS haarlem oil has been a worldwide remedy for kidney, liver and bladder disorders, rheumatism, lumbago and uric acid conditions. HAARLEM OIL correct internal troubles, stimulate vital organs. Three sizes. All druggists. Insist on the original genuine Gold Medal. CAMl PAID for dental gold, old bridges, old platen, diamonds, dincarded jewelry, magneto by return mall. Florida Oold point. 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