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Show PIUTE COUNTY NEWS, JUNCTION, UTAH Tuned Radio Frequency Five-Tub- e By CARLTON Assnclntc Receiver Using Low Loss Doughnut Coil9 1 antenna coupler, doughnut BUTLER E. low-los- s Institute of Kiidio Engineers and American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The tuned radio frequency type of receiving set employing two stages of tuned detector, and two stages of low ratio amplification, Is going to be far and away ho most popular broadcasting receiver for the coming searadio-frequenc- audio-frequenc- y son. This Is due largely to the fact that the development of the toroid coil, for both transformers and couplers, has now reached the advanced stage, where practically all of the had features of the tuned receiver are eliminated with radio-frequenc- rudlo-frequeii- their use Toroids are not new. Some of tin host engineering talent In the United States and Europe lias been working oil them for throe or four years. There always seemed to he some fault that could not lie overcome, that prevented JfiAlL UNCLE JAM OR their successful npplicution THE PUBLIC PAY FOR THE5ERVICE coil. Member In radio receivers. Generally tills consisted of high losses in the coll itself, t hat nullified the good effect s gained by tin peculiar shape of winding. This difficulty Inis now been overcome In the new doughnut coil designed by Frank Itelclmmim, one of the pioneers in ttie radio engineering field, by the use of stagger winding. Shows Lowest Loss. The stagger-woundoughnut coil not only lias the advantage of an enclosed magnetic field, which prevents intercoupling, hut It also shows (he lowest loss of any coll now on the market. The enclosed field practically eliminates t lie pickup of stray signals and static by the set itself. These factors combined mean that the construction of a set with doughnut roils will produce a receiver that possesses tremendous volume, amazing selectivity, ami a much better tone quality Ilian Is usually obtained with a set of tills type. Until the introduction of the toroid coll Into t ho construction of tuned receivers, most all of the sets were built along the same line's, witli great stress laid on (lie advantage of different methods of making the receiver stable In operation oscillation. Some circuits list'd a small balancing condenser between (lie grid of one tula' and tin plate of t ho preceding tube, others used a potentiometer or balancing resistance of some sort in t ho plate circuit of the tubes. Without stabilizing condensers or resistances of some sort, the average set of tills type is practically useless, bringing In distortion and whistles when the receiver is tuned to the wave length of a station. The sole function of the auxiliary apparatus Is to add sufficient losses, or resistance, to the circuit to bring the total amount of energy down below the oscillating point of the receiver. If the same circuit could lie so arranged that the fields of the coils could be balanced and located In a manner that no of the magnetic fields of t lie coils would take place, the volume and range of the receiver would Increase wonderfully. The tone quality would also improve with the absence of t he auxiliary apparatus. Tills is exactly what Is done In the receiver described in this article, through the use of doughnut coils which have magnetic fields, and so prevent of the coils and circuits. It is for this reason that It is unnecessary to mount t he coils at critical angles to avoid whistling and howling. In practice the colls may he placed side by side without any noticeable effects. As the magnetic field is entirely closed, no pickup effect Is noticed without the aerial ami ground and no static or signals will tie received except on the exact wave to which the receiving aerial is timed. Tins makes it an ideal summer radio receiver, and It enn lie used near a powerful broadcasting staiion without interference. 2 low-los- doughnut transformers. 3 straight line frequency vari able condensers of .(XH5 tnfd. capacity. 2 3 to transratio formers. 5 standard lube sockets with i.ve rheostats, if tlie U 301-type of tube is to lie used. Tills combination is recommended. Operation can lie simplified by using a rheostat to control tlie two radio fioiiiemy tubes and r (t ohm r u'o: a for llie detector and two audio tubes. each tlie following capacity fixed mlcii condensers: .001 mfd., .OOti mid. nnd .oik 125 mfd. 2 or 3 megohm grid leak. single circuit plume Jack. lUmiing posts, win mid screws complete tlie t of apparatus needed. The total Cost of the receiver will approximate $ It). The receiver can easily lie assembled on a 7x1S inch panel, without crowding hut the conventional 24 or 2(1 Inch panel may be list'd if deslrec s radio-frequenc- low-los- s 1 audio-frequenc- 25-oli- 25-oh- t t 1 1 1 ti.-- '1 low-los- s DICKINSON SHERMAN E ElltESENTATIVE T. TAYLOIt of Colorado in the last congress raised a question which, from the viewpoint of Mr. Average American, would seem to he worth the prompt attention of the congress: Shall the United States continue to permit official capitol guides to collect an authorized fee from the American people visiting their seat of government ? By JOHN Sixty-Nint- h Ever since I first visited this building, twenty years ago, I have felt that this magnificent building we are all so proud of, this Capitol building of the greatest nation on earth ought forever to be free to the American public to look at. I feel that there never should be a fixed charge to go that a through this building. I feel petty cash fee charge of 25 cents to see this building is beneath the dignity of our great free government and of the congress of the United States. There is no reputable government in the world which authorizes or perflat charge per head mits a for seeing its capitol. 25-ce- nt That's the way Mr. Taylor puts It. He is a veteran who has been in the house since 1909. He made a speech against this guide system ten years ago, but seems to have been alone in his protest. In the last congress lie introduced a bill to establish a free guide service for the Capitol building, providing for one chief guide at $150 a month and ten guides at $125 a month, and for an official capitol book. The facts concerning the guides, as brought forth in Mr. Taylors speech, in the debate in the house and in committee hearings, include these: Growth of System. Up to the time of the Centennial at Philadelphia there was no guide system of any kind. The crowds of visitors to the capitol that year were so large that congress caused the appointment of five guides and allowed them to take tips for service. The act of 1882 to regulate the use of the capitol grounds is still in force. It does not mention the word guide in any way. The cabinet officers have charge of the government buildings of their respective departments and make their own rules concerning visitors. Guide service Js free in them. The Capitol building Is under the control of the president of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives, and they delegate their authority to the Capitol police board, composed of the sergeants at arms of the senate and the house; and that board issues the rules and regulations for the control of the building. Sections 7 and 8 of the Rules and Regulations Governing the Capitol Police are as follows: f. Guides are permitted to charge 25 d (Qtrrr't cents per hour and 25 cents for any additional part of an hour for each person, parties not to exceed 25 persons. Guides must conduct all parties to both floors; to the senate wing; lower floor, through the crypt; to the house gallery, and back to rotunda, from which all parties will start. 8. For school organizations, 15 cents each person per hour or additional part thereof. There are now 14 guides, one of a woman recently appointed. Most of these guides were appointed many years ago. Renjarnin J. Cady, chief guide, has been there 45 years, Albert Daugherty 25 years, and Edward Ernst, 20 years. Cady does no guiding. He Is director and cashier. Tlie other 13 guides turn in to him every night the authorized fees; he divides them and gets 50 cents extra. The guides do not turn in their tips. In 1923 the authorized fees collected by 1.3 guides totaled $30,927.(55, and $30,349.20 in 1924 by 14 guides. Tills indicates a 20 per rent increase in business. The probable total of fees and tips is over $50,000. Few Visitors Escape. I11 addition there are at lenst six on sale at prices ranghooks" capitol ing from $1.50 to 25 cents. The guides urge the purchase of these and get commissions averaging about 15 cents. Mr. Taylor says these hooks are written to sell, and thinks they have little or no historical value. Moreover, the bo4tsclling practice appears to have come into existence without legal authority. In addition there is a profitable sale of postcards. It should here he noted that Mr. Taylor emphasizes the fact that he is attacking the guide system, not the personnel of the guides. He thinks they are all good men. He says they are doing only what they are allowed to do by the official rules and customs long in force. And of course a visitor can get into the building and go about without employing a guide; there must be more than a million visitors a year nowadays. Nevertheless, as Mr. Taylor says, the guides after all these years, have got the guiding business to a fine art : them The people must enter at one of on the house three doors, theon door senate the side, or side the door the door in the center of the buildis that when people ing The custom those three doors of one enter any at the door by a very they are met suave guide, locking imcourteous and and wearing an officer s suit posing badge. and cap and a large official deThe guide politely says, Do you Of sire to see the capitol building?" naturally answer course, they very come here to have not do They "yes. come to they told; fortunes their theft The guide the capitol. The law authorizes a nominal fee of 25 cents each for showing you over the building." The unsophisticated public look upon It as an entrance fee which they must pay or get out, and so they cough up the 25 cents apiece, and then after they have been shown around a little and conducted up to these bookstands and inveigled into buying a bunch of books and pamphlets they do not want, they go away in disgust, feeling they have been frisked or gouged, and they feel resentful toward congress for permitting what they think is a scheme of petty larceny and peculation and they wonder whom the guides are dividing all that money with. Another complaint made by a great many is that too large a number of people go through at one time with one guide, and scarcely anyone can hear anything the guide says. Itut when the busses dump 500 or 1,000 people into this Capitol building within an hour, and each guide has to take 200 or 300 people through the building, he, of course, cannot give them any service. Taylor Is Lonesome. cannot ho truly said that Mr. It Taylor received enthusiastic support from any of the members, while several showed active hostility. It is a fair guess, therefore, that Mrt Taylor Is prepared to continue to feel lonesome, for he wound up ills speech thus: I know there are a number of gentlemen here who are very much opposed to in any .manner Interfering with the monopoly of these guides. I fully realize that there is strong and concerted opposition at both ends of this capitol to any Interfering with this condition. Anybody who tries to Interfere with this marvelously growing and very profitable and entirely uncontrolled and unregulated, absolute monopoly Is engaging on a very thankless and utterly unappreciated task. Nevertheless, I know that somehow, that some time, some congress Is going to wipe out this blot on our capitol and let the word go out to the world that the people of all the earth may freely pass through the capitol of this great republic without being compelled to pay a fee for so doing. Nevertheless, it is not Inconceivable that congress may take action sooner than Mr. Taylor expects. For the undesirable features of the continuous performance are very much in evidence as this writer will attest. During sessions they are an object lesson to every member of the senate and house who uses his eyes and ears. And if something should happen to start a popular protest, no arguments should be necessary to bring about the change to a more businesslike system.- and dignified - It hurts the feelings of Mr. Average American who sees it especially if his forefathers are on exhibit In the capitol on canvas and in stone. Loop or Coil Antenna Unit Used Anywhere By E. N. RAULAND An important class of tuners em- ploys tm aerial or ground connection whatever, but only an inductance coll of large diameter, known as a roil untonnu, or loop antenna, and a vari- able condenser two pieces of for tuning It. These apparatus form together n complete tuner, Just 11s do tlie aerial, ground and tuned inductances previ- - radio-frequenc- radio-frequenc- radio-frequenc- y flve-tuh- e inter-actin- g low-los- s d Inter-actio- n Parts Needed. To build tlie receiver you will need the following parts: Loop or Coil Antenna Tuner Unit. Tlie difference is described. that the loop type of tuner can deliver only a very weak current, ordinarily too weak to operate a detector diTlie rectly, with any satisfaction. loop antenna lias tlie advantages, however, that it can lie used almost anywhere, or carried around, and Hint it helps selectivity by Its directional effect, irynot picking up strongly anv station unless it is pointed toward that station. ously Soldering Iron Should Be Kept Well Cleaned Soldering Is easy after a little practice. The iron should lie denned with tine sandpaper or emery cloth before When heating, if done over a using. flaine, tlie pointed end of tlie iron should not come In contact with tlie flame. A little flux should lie applied to iron and rubbed in with solder until the sides of tlie iron are bright. The iron should lie held under the work to be soldered whenever possible, and when the solder is running' freely In t lie Joint tlie iron should be taken Hvny, nnd tlie Joint allowed to cool. Flux should lie used sparingly on joints, nnd should he wiped off when soldering Is completed. Dont use n soldering paste for flux. Rosin dissolved in alcohol or rosin core solder Is all rigid. Use Silver for Switch Contacts, Tube Sockets Silver is tlie best conductor of electricity known and lias several advantages over any other conductor. Most metals, such as copper, brass, etc., are subject to corrosion. This corrosion, which forms on tlie surface of tlie metal, greatly increases tlie resistance of tlie conductor to radio frequency currents, which travel on the surface. Tills Is not true in tlie case of silver. Silver oxide, which Is the corrosion which forms on silver, is an excellent conductor of electricity. I- ' |