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Show 1 1 U ! I 0N CHIvONU j; j .Vi: YT H Forest Fires Sabotage War Plans Ls U. S. School Sysfem Feces Greatest Crisis by I asiroying Lumber, Hastening Erosion, Diverting Manpower t 00 Per (her in History (rut Of Conflagration Called Preventable Selective Service Auxiliary Branches Make Heavy Draft on Teaching Personnel; Higher Wages ',,7 , i Necessary. find thouy.htlc smit-ss- stint , wunim. .nsnmg.rorh.e plni a (,, O.I Each year loyal ArnPiu'an citizens, throu: htardio m o.s a. small i ; fin 'ivenigc of some It)1), 000 foi st fires in the United States. This tremendous annual destruction of our timber n sourei s has bet n gome on h nth ly year in and tear out. Now that these ri sourei s are so critically need' d hu the successful prosi cation of the war, the number of fonst fires must be reduced drastically i Iiy H.U KHAdi; Annlt Vues and I'unimnntntor. rust Building Washington, 1). ('. P. n ; t!v, the f.i'f of tt f Chur- !..!! g (ui school C .!' p.t er" sal. ir.es The oj posit on threit-ei.c-- I to (!i ff it a guiei on i.t spun-Sor- t d n ea on e l)oo jo e it d ain't fur n,.e. eg noli in to u hers Salaries equal to men's Tie- opposition Hi ,i!'v jioldrd for the sake if h.irn o:,y Lot the ix.s ie is not dead Today a report outlining what me ihcd as "revolutionai v ihanges to rare the social status of teaoheis In Gioat liritain and make their profession attractive" is before ParSirvlic, Union ' I i liament. Any informed Englishman admits that the American public school system offers far more to the general public than the British system. At the same tune, our own school system faces one of the greatest crises In Its history and, likewise, some of the greatest changes. One simple reason for the crisis can he staled in a sentence: American schools have lost 200,000 competent, teachers since Pearl Harbor. Selective service and voluntary enlistment have made a heavy draft on the men, and you have no idea how many WACs and WAVES, Marines and SPARS stepped out of the schoolroom Into their natty uniforms. Pf Coursfl, high wages In Indurtry lured many a teacher from the three Rs, too. And why not? The average teacher's salary is only about $1,550 a year. This year 44,000 teachers were paid less than $200 a year. That s wouldn't buy slacks and "old for a lady fa.sh-Joned- d war-worke- r. r Two hundred thousand teachers received under a hundred dollars a month. My figures are from the Journal of the National Education association. Already many classrooms have been closed, says this periodical, "and thousands of others are so overcrowded that effective teaching is impossible." If these trends continue much longer, the magazine predicts, education will be cut oft at its source right at a time when it has a tremendous job ahead reeducating a generation which has been subjected to highly abnormal surroundings and educating another winch will have to help recreate a normal, if a some wlut altered, fifty-fou- world. Higher Salaries Needed In this country, as in England, the first step in the solution of the problem Is higher salaries, the next Is better working conditions, the third is an active campaign to attract young people to the profession. But before these steps are accomplished, an interim effort is necessary, and it has already begun an organized elfert urging capable high school seniors to prepare for the teaching profession. state groups have beMany gun campaigns of various kinds, and the National Education association, itself, has appropriated $8,500 for this purpose Hundreds of thousands of pamphlets and leaflets have been prepared and distributed. Realizing that those attractive posters of girls in uniforms had a lot to do with recruiting women for the armed services, one of the artists who helped lure private, sergeant or lieutenant Smith out of the school house, has been hired to try to lure her back when the war is over, or attract her joung civilian sister I havent seen one of these posters yet, but I hope they do the job, for the task ahead for the teacher and the opportunities that the profession will offer are both bound to expand tremendously due to the situation which will follow the war. This will spring from two causes. The first is a part of a universal demand which is already being heard abroad as well as at home, when any group, formal or inf rtnal, gets together to teU over postwar condit.ons Elei tv of ridicule is hurled by the so called citizens at the postwar plari.eis whose name is legion But eom;u-.has already learned that thoie is one brass-tackphase of w hard-heade- s s tn.it cant be la! c'lob as amiable day d: earn, ug and ::on,i That is exenu fun! m the Ii vu i :i ji'.'i s take I", i f t ) i .,1. u tl e.r may b i.u in . ' 1 I e Educational Demands i are to f h o h I'hs : t vjIu h a.-- Mai.t ..vcr i : t. ,u c u a iv i.hi I i g I v 1 ' s i i i s ad s well-know- ( f: holt st : n at- - to , ti n ei.ts, !i ,o in ar. d n : its ellt at on n ;r war production activity, fureD files further c i : j lieatc our mai.jo'.ver shiut.ige pioblem by draimug away from cntieal war u.dii-tics those to wasted man-tourne. and figl.t the thousands of flies that rage ve illy tin uughout he country. The problem is one of er-mil mteiest to evi ry American. Forest fires speed up erosion of farm land by denuding watersheds On millions of aerts, finest tires induce swift ru;i-uiand heavy seasonal flooding, resulting in serious property damage, less water stored for irrigation or power, and thus less food to fight for freedom. These fires also destroy wild life along with its food and cover. Untold numbers of deer, birds and other wild life as well as fish (in streams polluted by wood ashes) are crippled and killed annually because of forest fires. o ei u t. on lndn-- ii n the ed We-t- reti-- ti s. 'o-- ' , s f - id. v i w ' e .t ' ' ' L i' u wh h ' .. o Ci : w t r v . nil - ci.t in m D ' f i 1. ut i - v four-fifth- s til e j l !ei tn in F u man-mad- plow-land- ' o i 5- .it1 s of r.,i l: r w. t ; .f and j'l iv.it e so u c( s e a e. U i I t. ,.i n those from the fedeiul goviimneiit However, theie are c.vei Iti.ODO.imO acres that need, but stdl lark, organized forest fire protection In their efforts to pi event forest fires, the fedei.il government ,md state governments have ej ruled on a regional and state-widbasis. Their educational efforts on a local level have been carried through the media of newspapers, radio stations, motion picture theaters, civic organizations, etc. And m add.tion, they have used exhibits, lectures, pamphlets, admonition signs and posters. The Public's Part. Above all else there is need to impress upon the public that every individual has a patriotic stake m this EMERGENCY that the i rob-lecan inly he solved through individual action Specifically, the need is: 1. For the public to he careful with matches, smokes im lulling cigarettes, eigars and pipe ashes and campfires. 2. For victory gardeners as well As farmers, ranchers, stockmen and forest industries to ask about a por- - fills C i ,o " ruin-ca'ise- the ; t'e ,.t : c. ate fires - 'ha' iiewcm ois. lv : . I , gam C (keg r, ',Vu hington): Most forest fines heie ,u e due to care'ess sn okt rs, but fonst mdus-t- t os and me banes ca ise the largest area bur: ed and 'he grea'cst dan age. Region 7 'New England and Middle Atlnnt.c states plus Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia): Again the local res'dent and the smoker are mainly to blame also the farmer who burns to clear land Regi. n 8: .The South, from North Carolina smith ai d west to and inThe intentional cluding Texa-- r burner who has believed in burning for years is the giea'est j n.blem Ho is the local resilient, not the vis.tor - 'lie white ru'her th.-n t! e Ni u Reifiou I) 'the G'f .t Lakes st,,tl NonI), .I '.I In.'a, sMll,rii J' ol-nIII s, Indiana, , c,,n i; lions r st in th s irgnvi rum bn s of hres si.d lumen! acieure burned cent of ail the f. Do 'o I I is N.nefv-se- fin, .e v.rg oi r. ti.e . n mvvu.ud' r of j anted burr ( r. u FOK1Y ACRES AN1) JI I P It never rams hut it pours. With the sheep tn the meadow, the cows in the corn, and even the scarecrow alone and forlorn for want of manpower to help cut, the of now agriculture department sends out the warning that af'er the war there wont be enough farms in the country to hold all the pe pie who will be ciying for 40 agios and a jeep Ctliciuls s iv that five minim alone, a lot of don't know a sm 'e from a club, r iv trv to get t1 e r cage eon I v i u.g f: om the s, w hen s n m p,e de. though they have been livwith their family for ing t e pan two years, tlie Quints still r.ot ,.s a unit as against everyone cbe. They are normal, in that they quarrel, hut these quarrels are very seiuoin among themselves. Marie has tlie biggest fan mail. She is also the charmer when visitors come. It's unconscious with her, and this annoys Cecile, who t;.o ks herself the personality kid. Sue tnes too hard. Fn.flie is the comedienne and a great mimic. The others luok to her to give impersonations of visitors as s 'on as they've left, and its to see how she picks up gestures and peculiarities for her performance. Cecile is very observant of vsitors' clothes and criticizes them with all the confidence in the world. She is the one of the five that tends to lx: a bit "catty. Yvonne has most influence with the otliers. and if there is a difference of opinion, they do as she says. Annette is the competitive one, gets upset if the others beat her. She is not a good loser, Marie, who has always been the slowest and weakest. makes up for these deficiencies by being the daredevil of the bunch. Many think the "Sixth Quint is best looking of the group she is Pauline eleven months older than they, but just about the same size. Sl.e is in sharp contrast to their dark beauty, for she is a blonde with fair hair, fair skin and dark eyes. Of all the family she is closest to them and because she is such an unusually lovely child, sometimes takes the spotlight away from them. They have all but adopted her into the lodge. their brothers and sisters, only i Host show any signs of regarding the Quirts as different. This is because they, Ernest, Rose and Tin lose, were 'id enough to be ..fleeted by the early quarrels among the groups that surrounded tee Quints until the last couple of ye.ns Mr. and Mrs. Dionne do their level best to keep the five from being treated as different. Of the three At the age of ten, not one of them has a cavity in a tooth. Dentists say this is due to scientific diet plus the fact they have always brushed their teeth. A couple of them may nei d orthodontic treatment in particular. She is very conscious that her front teeth protrude a bit, and it bothers her no end. r.- i s.- .iKt',re "i g tj J doses of r oil 'hey 've,e riven to combat the rick-- r s iw had at birth they have taken co er ml every day of their n yen t- - t cod-live- 5 c.v'i'g the Quints religious ''"I1 Nelligan, their "Mam, is head Roman Catholic ,n f :'r Canadian armed ' ' rHIst mding work has ,, J", , .'"ns until today he 'P, r in Canada a, he ' 1,1 f t , , 1 . r Would Croat Imliisirj k,.r: 1 Pnl,!tV j:jlv , n an rs ,i ,1 j; I.O-!i( 'I'1 ' J ' "f Tlo Navy, a Gen- a')d a Marshal of Ji) spi ak ' re'arrlcd pm eh .er still doc.-n-'t ff is spoken i.avent !i"t the W u; us that ' e i lor 1(0 ihV o Sf" English and eiit. They know :r r.iiiv ersatinn- - as you often oils . r I , End hr! expert upholsterers-instruct.o- ns in tig show you how tor; cove rs for your cU i To obtain compkij How Xu Make Slipcog 5727) send 1G certs m address and the patter. sewing ID CIRCLE V Ne SJosi; San Frannstt Enclose 15 cents Cover cost of mafic No Name .. Address Inner Synthetic serted hi befoul lubrication in a tom tubei inflate the nary soepn pure lubricant in the ah special tube lubrkr oration. Dry lyitn do not "slide" Uh unless lubricated oe just themselves pa cc Proponents of our synthetic Plot warhe: policy afterthe the tiba. on growth the and the probebh wrecking the piartcO load1 may mean o before normal lei bensproduction can because their bony heavier than normal. the medics think, is the result I.l 0 h' o i e- - i coming is e. . really k y air own slip of American v Tlie Quints great ambition is to New York. They have already1 tuveled to Toronto and to Superior, V. ,s New York is their next goal. Travel bothers them not at all; they am great troupers. But Mr. and Mrs Dionne hate it. They get upset ty excitement and the crowds and! n eeting strangers, and come back exhauMt d, so they refuse to take, to1' Quints away from home unless it is for some patriotic reason like a victory Bond raiiv. ' e it, it's make sands s e of the heavy problem then of nat oral concern when the product on of lumber .estimated in 1943 to he four Campers: Making Sty, you knowt Ce-ei- ie . Ihwkhaae QNCE 'lls a Olberving Tl ux Precaution vi n J Doctors for a time were a bit wor- d because the five were persistently overweight. Then they decid-- f wood. It is rr . 19-1- A ,.i. f e R. e five-roo- ( d i five-ye- Pa-- and west I man-cause- e . ot the one setting. Region 3. .Arizona, New Mexico): There is less id a fire problem here than in any other region. Region 4: 'Utah, Nevada, most of Idaho): In this region fires run from 17 to 57 per cent, varying with the locality. Careless sn.okers. logging operators, campers. land - clearing farmers and rai'd ers, are 'he causes Serious er. s.on is off ti cau-eby fires in many loc.ilit.es, G:;isS fire s are a great haz,.vd. Three-f- . .Cal, foi p.a Region supervisors, forest rangers, forest guards, etc and another 4.000 shortterm smokechasers, lookouts, etc. But the manpower situation has been so acute during the war that the Office of Civilian Defense established the "Forest Fire Fighters Service" to help the established forest fire protection agencies. It is reported that time than lRl.nuf) recruits have joimd the FEES to date. There are 281. 000 000 acres of state and privately owi.'-- fnre.--t land. Federal aid, through tre Forest Service, goes to 41 stab s to help state foi e s. ers and pimute owners give organized cum itve f one-thir- d east rt a Iv mg of man-cause- touch with local conditions, problems and people. this organization inNormally, cludes about 4,000 year-lonforest , States, exclusive of Alaska, is larger than the combined area of France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, The Netherlands and the British Isles. It constitutes the area of the continental United States No region or zone is without its forests, although (10 per cent is east of the Great Plains in an area conof our population taining The other 40 per cent is west of the Great Flams and includes most of our remaining virgin timber It is evident therefore, that forest fires constitute a national problem winch can be solved only by nationwide action. Statistical information on hand which was gathered over a shows that an averperiod, 193(1-4age of 210,970 forest fires rage each year throughout the nation and burn over an average of 31,233,000 acres. This represents nn area much larger than the land area of New York state. This wartime waste repre-sent- s three billion feet of timber killed or enough to build 215.000 homes for war workers. Ninety per cent of all forest fires are The remaining 10 per cent are caused by lightning. Careless smokers and campers are responsible for starting 30 per cent of all our forest fires. Other forest fires are INTENTIONALLY set for , such purposes as clearing burning o(T weed patches, logging slash, brush or debris, and although many of these fires are started lawfully, great numbers of them get out of hand because of carelessness and ignorance on the part of the burner or because of his willingness to "take a chance." Forest fires in this category constitute 40 IFR CENT OF THE TOTAL. In its wartime activities for the United States used more wood than steel. According to R V Patterson. undersecretary of war, tons of wood were used as against 100 million tons of stool. As a further indication of its importance in our wartime activities, we have the statement of Rear Adm. E, L. Cochrane in the International that "Every Woodworker, naval vessel, from the log battleship of 4ie North Carolina class to the small nunc sweeper, depends on akes i stant One Third of II. S. Is Forest. The forest empire of the United I l 1 life. Gri at ' ,st poition Great Plains states. i ne aria Bing hetweiii the Lakes slat, s and the tl.mli. "Ust-Gii- li one I. "I Mtxiio portion of one HI. with a relative important'' oi Id, in, hides parts ot Montana and Minnesota, and all or parts of the (.real Plains states of North anil south Dakota, Nebraska. Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma. s have In el. f.l ilVld-e7 y Da - as fu!!m.s, w.th the ii to reel Cue haatds briefly listed: particular Region I: .Montana and Northern Iduhnf Ninety per cent of all fires here are cause by lightning, with the greatest damage d. ne tn white pine tin ber. The resident problem is more important than the visitor problem. Region 2: (Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota. Nebraska, Kansas): Thirty four per cent of all fires in The visthis region are itor problem is more important than the resident one, with carelessness more of a factor than intentional fire h man-caus- s ic el en P o f a I III itu f ; danger i ur I. i. : ,d ,io r fioni lures! lues (ll Siniike-p.ilalong coastal areas limit visibility of air and sea patiols. ill Mnoke haze rediH's visibility from airirult warning stations and lire lookouts. (3) .Many defense plants and military establishments aie Imated in or adjacent to forest areas and might be damaged or destiovcd by major eonllagi ations. (Ii Forest fires serve as beacons for the enemy. The Government's Part. There are Go nutiur.nl forests with about 178,0110,0110 fedi rally owned acres in 42 states and two territories. All are under 10 regional foresters (one in Alaska) and their staffs. National forests are protected from fire by a decentralized organization that is in close and con- Prevention. Objectives of the 1944 forest fire prevention program are to help speed victory by; 1. Reducing greatly the more than 210,000 forest fires occurring each year, 90 per cent of which are and therefore, preventable. 2. Releasing manpower of which are tied nearly one million man-daup yearly in fighting forest fires. 3. Cutting down on actual and potential dangers and losses to such critical war materials as timber and feed for domestic stock and wild . Ml or parts of ll states trom 1. ami Missouri, rk insjs, east lexas I oiiisiaaa to Mime. niic II with a ri alive impor-tain, hoi' s: e ot " ' '''ii u j I'll m s v i t n L i i U i s to ".u Fv iv j gai d he! an e cntiui Jo: till' Urn ot ,.I VI, , if C slab fun: Gen st ' n f i tall. 1101)01 fibi' amt norlhui stei n ilo Id tliH t c r line i .1 Pi. pirn ; p.itrub, tr.m thre.iti n t! by d.verf.. i ,1,1 V iiit !ii'!t c t. t tential n to . 1 ; 5 i : v gi.t s Careful estimates indicate that, to carry out the postwar education program for veteiuns, and their children, the present personnel will have to be increased 50 includes per cent. This, of coui.-e-, besides teachers, administrators, cleiks, nurses, janitors arid bus drivers, nearly a million arid a half persons These figures give you an indication of the number of persons who will be diawn into the profession and its allied activities if the plans go through. The second reason why we can expect a stimulation in the whole field of education is because there is a very strong feeling that the opportunities fyr learning mus be greatly broadened. As a result of tlie social changes preceding and during the war. the strong voice of the common man has been raised, demanding thal cultural as well as economic benefits be more widely distributed. The thoughtful educators realize that a wider background of knowedge must be furnished to everyone, that technical and professional courses must be grounded on firmer base of general knowledge Already there is a feeling of reaction against the emphasis which the war has placed on purely material subjects, on a purely technical or scientific education. This Is bound to call for a greater share of what might be called spiritual culture. And at the other end of the spectrum, also a demand for training in health and physical development. Educators themselves have their troubles from within as well as from without. Of late, there has been pressure bv pertain groups, like the National Association of Manufacturers. anxious to see that nothing is taught that might endanger what thev define as the "fiee enterprise" svs'em, although ret all businessmen agree on what fiet entei prise is or that they like it too free There have also been many conflicts within and among institutions of higher learning, like the oi m my own alma mater, the University of President where Chicago, Hutchins and his followers want to get back to "first principles" with an emphasis on the philosophers; and others lean toward a more utili"extarian training The colleges like Antioch, perimental stressing individual development and social responsibility, do not agree with Hutchins nor even among themselves. But it would seem that the trend of the times agrees with the recent ediet of a educator who said that concern with the development of the individual and concern with society must be the twin goals of education. In any case, it is clear that never tiefoie m our history have the school teacher and the professor been offered such a challenge. Never before has the proverb which says "wisdom is the principle thing, therefeie, get wisdom" been more widely heeded; never has the rest of the abjuration of King Solomon been more important: "and with all thy getting, get understanding." M brmh-ro- In is Phe: ev the interest of national in to s,- h .At 0 I t . b.U will ja'1 s cohgiess ar,d be f o.) ..a s.g, r, far more vocal than be 1, is ever been I" foie, ant i the great-o- t r"pi pioip of voiis v. 'tn a sirigle-s of on (lie subject of impo "(II nidi's" tl, it run,;ii-Iris ever f ho tl, is j'uing to get what e wants. Aral the demand for gieatir educational oppoi turn! ics Will nut ba limited to the voter. m ; i n er.'s i H I '1 i .'in T1 e i'I w VS... K I 1 .tl,:.' if ,t f, i e ! ; r pro-vid- for "G I b II f ii,! w n h ii.i tides t!.o "mil. n dar pi 'mm" for I .on ' on f ,r I .'Inn a g 'a 'i Kil.s. of the n j I H"ir lllrthihy) invasion of their the live in Argentina, the IV a still the only identical aie t, world. And they ARE m i.o ,i ,, ei. ts.de their own imrae- there is practically no f 0, ho can tell them apart. Right e to t'e day in- died, Ur. Allan Roy who brougiit ihvsician (hi j) the world, couldnt pick ii.gld recognize Marie, f .,r all looked alike e '1 ev have always dressed j.; .fie, : c ions to make identifi ied. .out, but they knew the doc-- ; n.'t ic" goize them otherwise, (, ; a ed to switch dresses and Inn i"g 1, i ...d - I,, -- put to l.i.itv r i V,I ('undid Cntncra of ih" Oil inti: wav they all de iess si taken, thev DONT U- C0NSTIW SLOW When bowel chewing-ftufj- " FEEN taking only direct ions turbed relief, helping kkfn-a-mdt- JJ..., ; y t and ecinomicaiAe |
