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Show UTAH Til K IAYSON rHKOMCIK. PAYSOX. Domestic WiMklv News Hovh'W Itruchart's Washington Digest Peace Bought by Pieces of Nation France England Friendless In New World Power Lineup Likely to Last Only for A. While 9 4 W. La Him Hy Much in Situation in Central Europe Has Not leen Foreign Told; Roosevelt and Hull Handled Affair With Since the notorious peace of Mualmost every day has seen the nich, Ability; Versailles Treaty Blamed for Trouble. stars of Great Britain and France see covery . . . Industry wants to a higher income fMr every family to see . . . Industry dots net want To help this . runaway prices recovery along, every group in this country can ass.st. Manufacturers, farm leaders, by using tolerance . can do much to and patience promote indu1 trial peace and progress, which are essential to real recovery. . descend to new lows, torn by from within, heaped with ridicule from without. Hardly had Alfred Duff Cooper resigned from the British cabinet in protest against Prime Minister Chamberlain's "sellout before Winston Churchill arose in the house of commons to state his views. He prophesied that England will be dependent on German good will for its very existence. "We have sustained defeat without war, n By WILLIAM BRUCKART WNU Service, National Press Bldg., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON. It appears that the world is going to be spared a general European war for a while, and yet it should be recognized that the period of peace that has been bought with pieces of a nation is likely to be only "a while." From all of the information available in Washingtons diplomatic corners combined with the judgment of men who know European politics and European human nature it seems that the balance is so delicate as to permit a powder keg being tired by an inconsequential firecracker. Nevertheless, there is much that has not been told about the situation. Little has been said, for instance, about the basic problem in the center of Europe, nor has there been real frankness about the part which American representatives had in the rigirial setting of the present day grief. American political conditions domestic politics obviousiy constitute one reason why there has been only infrequent references to tiie underlying causes of the trouble. A more important reason, however, is that if there had been much talk about our original interest, there would have been many more suggestions from abroad that Uncle Sam should come in and act as arbiter. Surely, there was no one in this country willing that President Roosevelt should do that. Mr. Roosevelt foresaw that possibility early; so he confined American efforts to earnest pleas for avoidance of war, for use of common sense methods of settlement. I think that Mr. Roosevelt and Secretary Hull of the state department handled the extremely delicate situation with fine ability. The pleas which went out to contending forces carefully avoided possibility of entanglements; yet, even the Hiller must have felt the pressure that was represented by them, pressure on whatever machinery within him that he calls his mind and heart. More than that, public appeal by the United States certainly gave added courage to the Europeans who were trying to solve the problem without paying ten million lives and billions In money. bull-head- Root of All the Trouble Lies in Versailles Treaty But let us quit kidding ourselves about the European situation. Why dodge around the bush concerning the underlying facts and the blame that attaches, including such blame as belongs to us? We must recognize these facts: 1. The root of all the trouble is imbedded in the Treaty of Versailles. In that treaty, written in 1919, there were injustices that could only lead collision. It eventually to a head-owas in the Versailles peace negotiations after the World war that President Wilson coined the phrase, "self determination of peoples." It was in e those negotiations, too, that of England, Clernenceau of France, and Orlando of Italy, traded Mr. Wilson out of everything before they would agree to his idealism, founding of the League of Nations. No one can say that Woodrow Wilson lacked sincerity; and it was this deep sincerity, ironically, that was preyed upon by the other three victorious nations. Mr. Wilson yielded when a majority of Americans knew at the time that he was being n Lloyd-Georg- trapped. Europe has been made, by fate, abiding place of many racial human types. They are races types which have characteris and traits, training and tradithat never have mixed, and never will mix. Central Europe is a melting pot where nothing ever has melted. "Self determination of peoples would mean the segrega tion of each and every type and race. It is a possibility, of course, to segregate them as Mr. Wilson theorized, but it is not at all probable. Mr. Wilson supplied those people with a new idea and then allowed the "big three of the Versailles conference to capitalize on his aims. There has been some measure of fighting about it ever since. 2. the and and tics tion Greed and Vengeance Short-Sighte- d Policy 3. The greed of the allied powers and the vengeance which they sought to wreak on Germany now is proved, as it was charged in 1919, to have been a policy, capable of establishing peace only until Germany recuperated and regained some strength. Of course, the victors were determined to prevent Germany ever again from attempting to destroy the world and promote her own selfishness, but their efforts in that direction displayed only the tendencies of hate, none of the indications of caution or far vision. Even though it be another generation and new leaders, no virile nation, including our own, would fail to fight back if the opportunity ever presented. Germany has been seeking, therefore, only a restoration of some kind. It appears that the buried hate among them has been exhumed and made short-sighte- d to live again in the demagoguery of Hitler. He has used it for his selfish ends, to maintain his own power, to satisfy an ego that some folks regard as approaching an un- - balanced mentality. 4. The German people have been and continue to be a people requir- ing indexible leadership. Hitler supplies it. He promised them new life, and he apparently has made good on just enough of his promises to provide him with continued power. Most people who have been able to study Hitler's programs at close range declare the whole house of cards eventually will collapse. But for the moment, there is "action. and the hope and the desires and the expectations of the German people provide fertile ground fur the dogmas and the demagoguery of a dictator. They will not be "subjugated. 'r . Labor J . Is Hitler Through With Demands? Is the Question We must not be too confident about the purity of purpose of those who guided the affairs of Czechoslovakia. The glory that was Czechoslovakia was stained more, I am afraid, than most of us Americans It is hard to believe all of know. the things, all of the methods of op5. the charged against pression, Czechs. Information concerning their treatment of the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia was distorted by the Germans. There can be no doubt of that, because the propaganda machine of Dr. Goebbels was There was working overtime. enough leaked through, however, to show that the Prague government was guilty of some harshness. It may have been that the Sudetens, themselves, brought it on. Of that, there can be only a guess. On the other hand, we have seen enough of the pulling and snarlttig, the sniping and trickery of other minorities to have a reasonably good idea of what could have gone on within the confines of Czechoslovakia during its 20 years of life. What of the settlement? Is Hitler through with his demands? Are there other underlying motives and conditions yet to be dealt with and outside of the desires of the German minority to get back to the Reich? The answers to these questions explain why I said at the outset that the peace appeared only for "a while. The Czechs probably have been "sold down the river to save the continent of Europe. I have no faith in the man. Hitler; almost as little faith in Mussolini, the other dictator. The Czechs are going to be unhappy a long time; they will be resentful, and maybe they will start something. Hitler doubtless still wants the German colonies taken away by the Versailles treaty. It would be strange, likewise, if he did not want "the Polish corridor restored to Germany. Each ambition constitutes a festering sore. WINSTON CHURCHILL He, among others, uas ashamed. of and the whole equilibrium he Europe has been changed, summed up. That Prime Minister Chamberlain agrees is shown by his insistence on a rearmament program, a move quite contradictory to his peace pact and his treaty with Italy. It is an admission that not even Mr. Chamber-lai- n trusts Adolf Hitler or Benito high-spee- Anglo-Germa- . n Mussolini very far. Meanwhile, France has been quick to make peace with Italy by recognizing her conquest of EthiHer parliament, by overopia. whelmingly approving the Munich pact, agreed that no price was too high for peace even though it meant relegating France to the position of a second-ratpower. But sorely-taxe- d Frenchmen want to know why they must pay for a huge army and navy that refuses to fight There are other signs, as well. The resignation of Czech President Eduard Benes in the face of growing public sentiment against weak-knee- d democracies, indicates that Czechoslovakia is giving in to demands for with the Rome-Berli- n axis. It is almost humorous to reflect that Great Britain has agreed to defend Czechoslovakia's integrity. Even more tragic is Chancellor Hitlers demand for reparations from Czechoslovakia. to be paid out of the $150,000,-00- 0 loan recently granted the Czechs by Great Britain. With central Europe turned over completely to dictatorship, with Russia breaking her French alliance and crawling back into silence, Hitler Plans to Make France and Britain apparently Germany stand alone, friendless, merely tolUnderneath all of the problem, erated by her "friends Italy and too, lies Hitler's program to make Germany. to make the Germany of nation independent foreign Taxation sources of supply. The Rumanian Though campaigning politicians oil fields, rich and productive, are coveted by more than one nation. do not speak of it, next winter's inEngland and English oil interests congress will probably turn the tax come headache a into nightmaintain a rather definite control, but it is a control that can be broken mare. With another federal deficit in prospect, with high income easily. On the other side of Rumania is the dictator, Mussolini, who brackets already taxed to the limdisplayed the true character of his it, the solution will be a broadening soul by his rape of Ethiopia. Put of tax base on middle and low inthese things together and draw your come groups, 1. e the man making own conclusion, mindful always that less than $50,000 a year. Present to the north lies a great Russian exemptions are $1,000 for single perbear, governed by an individual with sons, $2,500 for married persons, different concepts, ruled by a steel with $400 extra for each dependent boot, a people who can be fired with under 18 years of age. If. 2,007,736 hatred for the Hitler type of govern- persons filed 1935 returns on that ment. Some say even that Stalin is basis, an estimated 8,400,000 would only awaiting an opportunity to jump yield from $200,000,000 to $500,000,-00more under the proposed plan astride Hitlers neck. Anyway, just remember that Stalin is over there, for reducing exemptions to $500 for single persons, $1,000 for martoo. ried persons and $200 for dependFinally, in Britain and in France, there are differing groups. Prime ents, Chief victims would be those Minister Chamberlain. Daladier. I now paying in the low Income wonder if two men, especially, with brackets, a prospect that bodes virtual political suicide for ar.y conregard to Chamberlain, ever carried a greater burden when they went to gressman who favors the measure. meet Hitler; when they were seek- Only alternative would be federal sales taxation, which "horrified ing to prevent a catastrophe by what the Czech partisans called, "selling President Roosevelt when he first the Czechs down the river? Politi- took office and has since been a dead issue. cally. both Chamberlain and Daladier will have to fight for their lives within their respective nations of Business When President Roosevelt asked England and France. One or both may sink into oblivion as a result of early this month that there be less the courage shown. And who knows "saber rattling" by business and what underlying motives existed in labor, instead of more economic addition to a fear of a general war? to aid the almost-certaiTheir trip to Munich on September recovery, he gave business an op-- ! The answer 29 was a fateful trip, one which we portunity to speak. in the United States may have to came from Charles R. Hook, presi- wait several years fully to under- dent of th, National Association of Manufacturers, whose slight rebuke stand. And so, the final question is: can that "encouragement from leaders Hitler bring his own people back in public life would help was folfrom the brink of war, from the fer- lowed by a truly straightforward vor of war preparation, to the life plea. Said he: "Manufacturers are and economy of peace" That is a extremely eager for a more attitude . . . Industrialists very real problem. want to see a sound business re Western Newspaper Union. e Self-Sufficie- nt t, 0 Chief result of the American Federation of Labor's Houston convention has been a widening of the breach between A. F. of L. and John Lewis Committee for Industrial Organization. Labor leaders have long harbored hope of bringing the two factions together; A. F. of L. made a gesture last winter, while David Dubinsky's International Ladies Garment Workers have long been on the fence, acting as mediator. But when A. F. of L.s William Green began throwing charges of "communism" at C. I. O., when he alleged further that two members labor relations of the Wagner board (Donald Wakefield Smith and Edwin S. Smith) were pro-C- . I. O., the last hope for peace faded. As a result, C. I. O. has called its first constitutional convention at Pittsburgh November 14, when delegates from 42 international and national unions will meet with representatives of 180 industrial union councils. At that time, A. F. of L. may expect to be blasted in return. Strangest feature of labors war is that both factions remain loyal to President Roosevelt, who should have incurred A. F. of L.s wrath by reappointing Donald Wakefield Smith to the labor board last month, and who should have made C. I. O. angry by consenting to changing the Wagner act next winter, on Mr. Greens request. Though Mr. Lewis has been conspicuously silent about the administration, Mr. Green has been quick to point out that C. I. O.s constitutional convention is a rebuff to the Presidents moves for labor peace. Though the U. S. is a land of free pre,s and speech, most Americans to let agree it is far from smart agents operate untramforeign Last winter, when agitameled. tion for an investigation of first came before congress, many a lawmaker wondered not agents, but only about all foreign agents. Who are they? What are How do they operate? their aims? Upshot was a law requiring all "agents of foreign principals" to register with the state department by October 6. Though the deadline came and passed with thousands still left unregistered, the persuasive threat of prosecution is expected to bring results. Though the law has no teeth, its registration requirement will let Uncle Sam keep an eye on foreign agents, will help curb the growing spy danger. Regardless of who holds power when civil service is expanded, it will create furore in the minority ranks because present will be favored. On this assumption, a furore will come in Republican ranks February 1 when 81,000 Democratic workers in emergency agencies are moved into civil service classification. Another This 44,000 may be added later. results from U. S. civil service commission approval of President Roosevelts executive order last June, which asked expansion of the merit system. Undeniably a step in the right direction, Februarys change will be less meritorious than most civil service operations, since need only take present examination and a get the recommendation of their superior officers. Politics To New York state voters, No- vembers gubernatorial election will be a matter of choosing between two worthy men, once against crime, now political opponents through trick of circumstance. Odds appear to be growing that the Democratic Gov. Herbert H. Lehman will beat Manhattans racket-bustin- g District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, Republican nominee. Merits for Dewey: An amazing record of fighting New York citys criminal element since he was appointed special prosecutor by Governor Lehman in 1935. Young (only 38 years old), handsome, a crusader, he nevertheless has little governmental background outside the court room. Merits for Lehman: Almost 40 War years manufacturing and banking To the Japanese soldier clawing that have enabled him to experience his way toward Hankow, the prosrun the Empire state on a business pect has been discouraging. Even basis. He battled successfully if he survives the stubborn, bloody legislative opposition to his against he Chinese resistance, even though sweeping set of laws expediting helps raise the Jap flag over Hancriminal procedure, went on to wipe kow, the war will not be over. Nip- - out a $100,000,000 deficit left by his predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt. Dewey Support: New York state Republicans. He must win 250,000 votes which Lehman controlled in 1936, must also win the powerful labor vote which, though it helped elect him district attorney last year, is still Democratic. Lehman support: New York state Democrats, who have controlled the governorship many years; New York city Jewry, because Lehman is Jewish; Tammany (what is left of it), because Tammany bitterly dislikes Tom Dewey for prosecuting its favorite son, Jimmy Hines; the American Labor party, because Lehman has endorsement of both A. F. of L. and C. I. O. Since he must attack his strongest points, Candidate Deweys first blast was against Tammany, which necessitated dragging Candidate Lehman into the picture. UnintenCHIN.VS CHIANG tionally, said Mr. Dewey, the govThere con be no peace . . ernor is "the good will advertising, the front man and window dressing has announced Hankow as the for a pon thoroughly corrupt machine. final objective, and it probably will e Proud of his own record, be taken soon. But Chinese GenGovernor Lehman answered he was k eralissimo Chiang insists "amazed that the young district his people will continue to resist His latest statement: If Japan does not abandon aggression and withdraw her instruments of invasion, and if she does not restore China's territorial and administrative integrity, there can be no peace . . . The longer our armed resistance continues, the stronger will our determination grow. General Chiangs prophecy is already fulfilled. Though Chinese have won no spectacular victories, Japans drive up the Yangtze to Hankow has cost more casualties than any previous phase of the war. Every indication is that Japan will never control more than rivers, railroads and highways, that huge and lumbering China will eventually assimilate whatever permanent Japanese population is sent over to administer the conquered territory. Since "peace at any price became Europes watchword during the Czechoslovakian crisis, it is just possible the same watchword may be applied to Spain's civil war. In this imbroglio, where Germany and Italy have aided the strong Fascist cause of Insurgent Generalissimo Francisco Franco, communistic LoyCANDIDATE LEHMAN alist Spain has suffered repeated One good man against another. setbacks and now controls but a small area. attorney would "abandon his rackFrance, and especially England, ets prosecution to enter governmenthave already made peace overtures al affairs in which he has "no to Italian Premier Benito Mussolini real record of accomplishment. in the Spanish cbnfiict. One proWhat everyone knows is that Tom posed settlement is division of the Dewey can have anything he wants peninsula into a democ racy and dicfrom the Republican party, even the tatorship. 1940 presidential nomination, if he Observers think it entirely poswins. That is one reason Franklin sible that Germany and Italy may Roosevelt was willing to patch up force a sell-ou- t of Loyalist Spain his just as Czechoslovakia was sold out, who quarrel wffh Governor Lehman opposed the Supreme court en'.hot Er. '.and and France may evenbiL. It is also why New tually P ,ree to give Generalissimo largement Voiks campaign is Franco victory. attracting national attention. KAI-SHE- K anti-crim- Kai-she- ADVENTURERS CLUB sy HEADLINES FROM THE lVE$ OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSElFl Couple D' Seen The Roar of Deafly J.JELLO EVERYBODY: before in English. It happened "during theW611 v'orItl war, a country at war doesnt let news of it, . ELSIC 1 N Oct I) of : leak out if it can help it. Strict ctnsorshin rs, rac the news and the mail. No disaster of anVS Clampfil iem ti allowed to be mentioned. Thats lr?portaci a why I a thin!i led tM has ever been told over :3, yarn here. For ,:tain, Germany on July 19, 1918, and it is my guestS oss Cl were going to hear about was a serious blowtnS Gem Afr cause. once. Worked in German Munitions Factory 31 -ie who lives in the Bronx N v Distinguished Adventurer. Margaret was born and hr many. During the war she worked in the munition, faT Up actorJ at In Saxony, and her mother worked with her. Both of them were ambitious. They worked paid according to the number cf finished articles twT6 V,'ork'( end of the day. Now its no sin to be ambitious Ambi that has always been highly regarded in the one of those queer cases where Justice was caughfaslMn1!:. Ul r Bl Ambition might bring riches, and happiness, and contentm.J'; to but body elss, Margaret and her mother it brought only advn and tragedy. Their work consisted of sewing together the DlaQS that were used for gun charges. They worked at powder it steadii dustriously except at such times when the alarm ran for. IJ JI Fire drills annoyed Margaret and her mother it just so much valuable time taken away from their sewing and or two fewer powder blades to turn in at the end of the Margaret Loescher, Fire Was Sweeping Through the the anc to : from v raw oping hea sne ir pft at th finge lef re ;on die ads; t the r saw tod; lookec Plant! On July 18, there was fire drill, and the munitions workers st out of the factory. And the very next day the alarm rang again p too much for Margarets patience to stand, and her mother felt tfe way about it. For the first minute or two they remained at their w tl to such is he clii matic :iry, a. Ba anas I anc .tt Bobbs ige es of aft ft eme Worl to que, p comp ter ha: of r nor. ;,.etimi W Clothes aflame, girls were jumping to the orted ground. ur orian eit trying to get in a few extra stitches. But this time it wasn't just a it wag the real thing. Somewhere in the big factory fire had sta: and was sweeping through the plant. And the precious minute me: and daughter had wasted made all the difference between life and fc; For a moment they sat at their benches then a dull roar sounded somewhere at the end of the plant and the building began to quiver. They leaped to their feet then started running toward the exit. But they couldnt run as fast as the destruction that was ith sweeping the factory. With the air filled with powder powder dust strewn ever the floor? and coating the benches aid machinery, that fire shot through the whole area with a speed like that of a bullet. The two women were no sooner on their feet than a huge flame shot through their department. Explosion Blew Her Through Window. Margaret remembers a scream a sharp, piercing shriek from throats of the sixty or more girls who still remained in the room, was a scream that Margaret joined in. The next thing she rememben coming back to consciousness lying outside on the fire escape platfoi The terrific power of the explosion had thrown her right through an window. In that Margaret is glad, now that they had so many fire drillshabit tplant. When she rose to her feet, she was dazed. But estified In her in previous drills guided her. Instead of falling Into a panic, she let her. feet carry her down the fire escape stairs. If she had started when the alarm sounded she mlgMtoo have escaped from the building unharmed, but now it was late. As she neared the lower floors she was stepped by bunisgng girls, their clothing in flames, running madly to the to the ground. Great sheets of flame were shooting from the lower windows. It wa? impossible to get past them and reach the ground. MWj garet looked back up the fire escape. Flame was coming the windows above her, too. She was trapped on the me? were red way and already the railings and the iron treads just a few feet above and below her! i itary i ord' .plete at of dii ,:s ii? it :ed a natch :1 A dust-w- 0 KS here' ;r inti ".er as Th ' i'.ers .ecked b to t stor c Di Out c :erge' cm, a stairwsys-jumpi- Flames Were Closing In on Her. In closing Inch by inch the cherry-re- d glow of hot metal was an Sooner or later it would reach the spot where she was s w0 heat she would never know about that The overpowering sc first. Already her head was spinning. She reeled and hands when she grasped the hot railing to hold herself up.e her shoes were smoking. Another blast of hot air smo o she could feel herself going. Then, things went black be e that, and s Margaret doesnt know what happened aftershe was awoke next never able to find out. When she we pital, and the horrors she witnessed ia her ward with , was jammed room those of the fire. The big pai fearfully mutilated and suffering the most terrible man. Twice during that stay in the hospital 5 argar to fin sleep at night and awoke in the morning the only one of 36 girls still alive. jeath o It was in the hospital, too, that she first learned w victims mother. She was one of the 400 or more , g and the explosion. And Margaret still carries scars . ur serve as a terrible memento of the tragic adven minder that all of the wars injured do not ge battle front. Copyright. , a CiP1 S j or th ;ati H on a Tl !ad WNU Service. CithensbiP Swordfish Can Defeat Shark Since swordfish have no teeth they swallow everything whole. In case they make a mistake and eat something that disagrees, nature has provided a neat arrangement for getting rid of it As a matter of fact swordfish are noted for being able to empty their stomachs at will. Consequently, swordfish are naturally among the cleanest fishes known. Curiously enough, a swordfish sword is not a sword at all, but simply a bony extension of his upper jaw. With his great strength, terrific speed and mighty sword (which is the length of his fully body), the swordfish is the only one that can defeat a shark in a fair fight. Groups of them have occasionally attacked and killed the largest living mammal of all time the whale. one-thir- d Nationality and definition The dictionary nationality is: to or fact of belonging ion na a nected with nativity or allegiance. Lr acquired by brth naturalization 8 couch sta: j its rig of a citizen, with A person ileges. another cow honorary citizen of Georg ffask-- as in the case made an hono ton, France. Thcreh been to this to high positions were technically hid-athe American native tions, thoughnot g cans, were until 1924. e!ecuf; county en bom Ameri citizeast t |