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Show ntH Lace Spread That Reflects Good Taste' Land of Five States fhe Mother Celebrates Her 150th Birthday ELMO SCOTT WATSON n Daniel Webster in a speech before the United We are accustomed to in 1830: Sta jese senate of antiquity; we help to the pr Solon of and Lycurgus; but fame the tuate r, f doubt whether one single law of any effects of a cient or modern, has produced and lasting character marked and distinct more han this one. of the great documents not speaking of any He W3S in the progress milestones as monlv regarded ;h are comwrd of its affairs. In-an orderly government of 1787, Ordinance the passed by dbe 150 years ago and often re- just Congress . Continental n, When you dress up your bed for company, you seek distinction the purpose of this lacy spread. A true reflection of your own k good taste is this stunning design, one easily achieved by crocheting simple, single of string. A stunning open-wor- , frrnrrrrrr.' me-didlio- ns law-give- rs V K .' h .M law-give- to found the Harvard law school. Even if his role as Father of the Ordinance of 1787 had not been enough to guarantee his fame, his the school, out of which founding are citizens month their have come so many distinguished ,lu"drt , lawyers and public officials, would have done that. fiftieth birthday His long and useful career of those five Land ;her came to an end with his death in pilland smith pageantry Mass., on February 15, historical spots Beverly, 1835. ages to Dur-ft- e Northwest. Old celebration will be more the names im-n- t mericans who played roles in establishing such Mother Land Jefferson, ies as Thomas 4, s King, Arthur St. Clair, . BE and, last means least, that Nathan man, Ides Thomson by no rgotten ie. heard of Nathan dif--:t Well, youre not much from' other Americans in never ra For you will search histories in vain for All tell of .on of his name. Ordinance of 1787, of course, draft-the- y mceming the man who are strangely silent, with the before proceeding respect. "school mm rf'Al Grs.. Cji na eb: tL boj'j U& the birthday party of cer Land of Five States, of s lands to the federal union and a short time later Virginia did the same. The other four stales soon followed their lead, and this action had the happy result of giving To understand fully the importhe various commonwealths in the tance of the document which won Confederation a common interest such a tribute from the lips of in a common property. It thus Daniel Webster, it is necessary to formed a strong bond of union recall the conditions which exist- when such ties were badly needed, ed in America at the close of the if the new nation were to survive. Revolution. Although all the Government Needed. states had ratified the Articles of In accepting these cessions, Confederation by 1781 and by Congress declared that these these Articles had been formed lands should be settled and in what purported to be a firm formed into distinct republican league of friendship between the states which shall become memstates, this was little more than bers of the Federal Union. So an idle phrase. The Continental the next step was to devise a form Congress, which provided what of government for this territory, little central authority there was, looking forward to the time when could pass legislation but it had the new commonwealths would no power to enforce its decrees. be knocking at the door of stateWhile composed of representahood. tives from all the states, as a body In 1783 Congress appointed two it was heartily disliked by most of committees to report upon the imthem. Any attempt which it made portant questions of land sales to regulate the disordered affairs and in the Northwest government in any one state was certain to be Thomas Jefferson, who met with fierce opposition of that Territory. had returned to congress after citistates provincial-mindeserving as governor of Virginia zenry. for two years, was made chairIn an era of depreciated cur- man of both committees. rency, financial distress and comThe one on government made mercial disorder, each state its report on March 1, 1784, the sought to gain an advantage over very day that the Virginia cesits neighbors and increase its sion was finally accepted. Alcommerce at their expense. though the report was adopted, it Western Land Disputes. was never put into operation. The delay was due mainly to But most fruitful of the causes for dispute were the conflicting the fact that government could claims to western lands. Even not be established in this terribefore the end of the Revolution tory until there were enough setthere had been such quarrels. Six tlers to justify such action. A of the states New Hampshire, land policy which would encourRhode Island, New Jersey, Penn- age settlement was necessary. This was supplied by the other sylvania, Delaware and Maryland with their boundaries strict- committee, headed by Jefferson, ly defined, could set up no valid which drafted a Land Ordinance, claims to it. But the other seven adopted in 1785 and immediately asserted their sovereignty to lands put into effect. It has been deof the great stretching west to the Mississippi. scribed as one of American legislation. South of the Ohio there was little pieces for land sales, provided Having state for Each dispute. ground made another effort to might take possession of the ter- Congress a satisfactory ordinance for draft to west. the ritory lying directly But north of the river was a land the government of the Northwest. not only rich in soil but also rich The stimulus for this activity was of provided by a in cause for dissension. MassaManasseh Rev. Danes Nathan chusetts and Connecticut based their titles to it on their old char- Cutler of Ipswich, who had chaplain during the ters and each claimed a strip ex- served as aand who came to New Revolution NorthOld the tending through York as agent for the Ohio Comwest. to bargain with New York, curiously enough, pany of Associates Congress for western lands. based her claims upon the activiA Bargain in Land. ties of those who had been the The established price for land deadliest enemies of her citizens during the late conflict the Iro- was one dollar an acre but, since quois Indians. These fierce warri- the company wished to purchase ors were accustomed to send their a million acres, Cutler demanded the scalping parties far into the West wholesale rates of and to force other tribes to ac- usual price. Furthermore, he knowledge the sovereignty of the asked the privilege of paying at Six Nations. Because of her least a part of the purchase price d fb'W the it appropriate to tell about nan who made chan Dane was this possible, born at on December 29, He was the descendant of of three brothers who were S the first settlers of Glou-- f, Andover and Ipswich and un of a o farmer who five other sons and six liters. , A Harvard Graduate. joag Dane worked on his fa's farm until after he had e of age, then, having pre-- d himself for college in eight ths- he entered Harvard. He graduated in 1778 with a high 'ation for industry and schol--- ? Next he began teaching ol at Beverly, Mass., and e 8 so studied law in the oof Judge Wetmore of Salem. he hung out his shingle in y and soon became promi- lus community as an able wilful Ips-Mas- well-to-d- fellow-townsma- n two-thir- - pleader. 'ed as a to representative court of Massachu-rdistinguished himself feral e by y debate hls knwl- ui pubhc business and the &Ytf,and dircaness of his "Ishls nly a question V 'o rb state selected U ln the Conti- M rZeSent j S,reff whlch was then t v'lth ernsS ChSon in e mas 1785 ln 1786 and servcd on many it78lnnd Chiet :s,'SU"s- kls draft- an ordm the govern terM t0rynorthwest of river the ko klalarCTaetorhtlr0d fr0m the a mem senate f the ,,,chhewas '36, ard f I t 6 thl 3m ec,ed ln ln 1797 and reirecI tempo- if Sfrvice 10 de' and he from n, Kr hn time to I: the fcactiv year mu aw (&&! 2 Ws' 1794. Practice. tund him granted in next dele. ,,sS0trcrii?apub"So?thelCt0r m Ji4S iSt ft J ! f publlc nad been active m He gave $15,000 Otters. ! j v ? 18i2, Hartford "allIInIIard Law School. bar,, !fi m - a a Marietta, Ohio, of ad-Wi- established e ordinance Tcrritor were to be ,vHch later states and five new e It appears that ancongress will go by without the gross and the Co On ministration doing anything serious ln the way of cutting down government expenses. There is nothing that can be done now toward carrying out the expressions made by President Roosevelt in hls message last January when he told congress that he wanted to cut federal expenses and take Important steps toward balancing the federal budget. The reason that federal spending Is due to go on for another year at the extraordinary rate of the last four or five years is because a majority In congress, under the lash of the White House, refused to require states and local governments to bear a percentage of the relief costs. In other words, federal spending will go on because congress and the President have lacked the courage to start taking the federal government out of the relief work and gradually restore it to the care of those folks in the various communities who know where relief Is needed. There had been a very determined movement in congress to compel the states to share in the gigantic relief burden. It took on various forms and had various sponsors. But the end and aim of all of them was to divide the cost in equitable fashion. The proposal that had the best chance of getting through was one offered by Senator Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader ln the senate. He offered an amendment to file relief bill which would have required the states to conof the amount extribute pended in each state, with the federal Treasury supplying the remainder. When that amount was offered, it was something in the nature of a compromise between proposals that the states should bear 40 per cent and that they should bear none of the cost. With the White House operating through the Presidents lobbyist, Charles West, and Senator Barkley of Kentucky, the administration was able to force defeat of the Robinson amendment. Now, Senator Barkley Is assistant Democratic leader of the senate and so we had the spectacle of one of Mr. Roosevelts spokesmen being on one side and a second one on the other side. The one who was spurred on by the President was victorious. 1 am not sure that the Robinson proposal would have resulted in an appreciable reduction in the federal outlay for relief. Of course, It would have cut the total somewhat but not by the full that appeared on its face. It was valuable as a piece of legislation, however, because it would have required the states again to assume some of the burden w'hich only a few years ago they carried in its entirety. It was a principle for which Senator Robinson fought and it was a principle upon which he was defeated because Harry Hopkins, relief administrator, objected and still objects to returning any part of the relief obligation to the local authorities. I suspect that Senator Robinson's activities on the relief proposition will not help his relations with the White House but I think It ought to be said that Senator Robinson demonstrated again his capacity as He demonstrated as a statesman. well that he recognizes the dnn-- ! gers confronting the United States Treasury which at the end of the current fiscal year June 30 had an outstanding debt in excess of Washington. other session in the Early Days. ceit.licates treaties with the Iroquois, New in Revolutionary war York now claimed ownership over of indebtedness. Since most of most of the Northwest. Her chief rival was Virginia who based her title, first, on her early charter which described her dominion as running up into the land "west and northwest and, second, on the conquest of this country by that intrepid Virginian, George Rogers Clark. Some of the six states, which were hemmed in by definite boundaries, had hesitated to sign the Articles of Confederation because they feared the increased influence of those who had a great potential dominion beyond the mountains. Maryland especially had refused to sign until she received definite assurance that the western country would become the common property of the United States. In 1780 New York authorized her representatives to cede her entire claim to the western these were worth about 12' cents on the dollar, the Reverend Manasseh got a bargain for his company indeed eight or nine cents an acre! Meanwhile a committee of which Dane was a member was working on an ordinance for gov-In ernment of the Northwest. 1785 Rufus King of Massachusetts had introduced a resolution that there should be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the states described in the resolution of Congress in April, 1784, otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been personally guilty; that this regulation shall be made an article of compact, and remain a fundamental principle of the constitution between the original states and each of the states named in the said resolve. This resolution was never acted upon, but when Dane drew up his ordinance, he included in it the resolution of his Bay State colleague. He added to it a provision for the surrender of fugitive slaves, as a concession to gain support for the measure from Southern delegates. Except for this, sound doctrines of civil liberty were contained in the ordinance. No person was to be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments. Each citizen was entitled to trial by jury and the right to invoke the writ of habeas corpus. Still another clause declared That religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. As for the form of government the first officials were to be a governor, a secretary and three judges appointed by congress. As the population increased, the people were to be allow ed rep- resentation in the national government. Not less than three nor more than five states were to be formed from the territory and admitted to a share in the Federal councils and to remain forever a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America. The ordinance was passed on July 13, 1787, and signed by Gen. Arthur St. Clair, president of the Congress, and Charles Thomson, the secretary, who, eleven years earlier, had signed the first draft of another famous document, the Declaration of Independence. The Ordinance of 1787 was passed by the dying congress of the Confederation, says one historian. Its trials and its failures had been many, but the honor of And anthis act rests with it. other observes: The importance of the Ordinance of 1787 was hardly overstated by Webster in his famous debate with Hayne. Settlers Pour In. Through the efforts of Manasseh Cutler, who had found it politic to cease advocating the appointment of his own candidate for the post, General St. Clair was made governor of the Northwest Territory. But even before he could arrive on the scene of his future labors, thousands of settlers were pouring into the Old Northwest. They came afoot and on horseback and by covered wagon over roads that were little better than dim trails through the wilderness. They floated down the Ohio by flatboat in the first half of the year 1787 nearly 150 of these boats bearing more than 3,000 people had passed Fort Harmar, which had been built at the mouth of Muskingum to protect the surveyors and the daring Kentuckians who had ventured across the river to take up tomahawk claims in the Indian country. In 1783 the migration had grown to a flood nearly 1,000 boats and more than 18,000 people. Among them v.ere the colonists who, led by Gen. Rufus Putnam of Massachusetts, established the first important settlement north of the Ohio Marietta, named for queen of Marie Antoinette, France. And it is in the modern city of Marietta that one of the most important celebrations of the Mother Lands birthday will be held. There on July 13 will be enacted a pageant depictin the ing the memorable scene Continental Congress on the same date 150 years ago v.hcn the Ordinance of 1787 was pi.issed. newly-organiz- 3 of this ytar covered wagon caran avan will leave Ipswich, Mass., for Marietta which it wall reach on April 7 of next year, the 150th of Genanniversary of the arr ,valcolonists and hs eral Putnam trek there. Then it wall rtart a Indiof Ohio, states the through and ana, Illinois, Wisconsinvarious at presenting Michigan, the same places in each state given at pageant that is being For these Marietta this month children the are of states today 1 150 years of the Mother Land Northwest Territory the 8po which came into being through the Ordinance of 1787. t. nlon. And on December ox-dra- Western Nrw.p iter one-fourt- constantly in forcing the federal government to pay the relief rolls in New York city and save his own New York city budget Another phase of the debate should be noticed. It was the reluctance of congress to reassume its right to direct and control the spending of federal funds. The Mr, Hopkins wants to be free and unfettered In his spending and those policies were the ones he recommended to Mr. Roosevelt. Consequently, with administration pressure on many senators, the Hopkins idea prevailed and so for another year congress must sit back and watch the Hopkins organization spend money virtually any way it desires. I think there ought to be a lesson in this whole situation upon which the country can look back rather regretfully. The experience gained by making lump sum appropriations certainly shows how a bad habit can be contracted and how difficult It Is to cure that habit. Seldom in history until this depression would congress ever vote lump sum appropriations for executive departments to spend as they wilL Having contracted the habit, however, it is going to be difficult hereafter to deny any President lump sum appropriations, provided only that he has a substantial majority in the house and senate. No doubt many persons will wonder why this sort of thing constitutes an Important issue. The answer is simple. Governments are wasteful and the federal government, being larger than state or local governments, is just that much more wasteful and unable to handle money carefully. If states and local communities have to bear expenses of this sort out of their own treasuries, they see to it tiiat only those entitled to relief obtain it. Unhappily, the national relief system is caring for thousands upon thousands of men who could get jobs and who could support their families but who will not do so as long as money is given them from Wash- JUK. above-mentione- d v&Wr -faV Pattern 1113 dresser or table Bcarf, or perchance a cloth could also be your choice. It may be done in one or a combination of colors. Pattern 1443 contains detailed directions for making the 8? inch medallion shown and joining it for a variety of articles; illustrations of it and of all stitches used; material requirements; color suggestions. Send 15 cents In stamps or coins (coins preferred) for this pattern to The Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. Please" write your name, address and pattern number plainly.' Idea for Tunnels Ancient Egyptians, observing streams enter one side of a hill and come out the other, got the Idea for tunnels. They built them into tombs. Builders after them bored tunnels to carry or drain water. One people, the Babylonians, more daring than the rest, tunneled beneath the Euphrates river. Thus began the story, according to a correspondent in the Washington Post, of the most fascinating and dangerous of all tunneling operations, ington. Since the national debt is at the highest point in the history of our nation, there is a growing conviction at the Capitol that a halt must be culled sometime. The present trouble is that there are not yet courageous representatives and senators to force a stoppage in such spending. enough While the steel strike blazed forth with battle after battle, blood was shed and property IN UTAH AND Baker Takes was damaged, llt- Labor Job tle attention was paid to a development here in the nation's capital in the government itself. While all of the sensational filings were happening on the steel front, one Jacob Baker was resigning his job as assistant relief administrator and was accepting the job of chief THE ITS of a new labor unit to be associated HOTEL BEN LOMOND with John L. Lewis and his Committee for Industrial Organization. Ogdens Finest . , One of Utahs Best Mr. Baker's unit is to be made up 350 8ths 350 Rooms of government workers themselves, to $4.00 $2.00 Uie a labor union in government of Air Cooled Corridor Delightful Rooms the United States. Coffee Shop Grill Room For some years, there have been Spacious lounge and Lobby units labor among governminor Courteous Service ment employees. They were affiliEvery Comfort and Convenience ated with the American Federation will Le found at of Labor. Generally speaking, they BEN LOMOND HOTEL THE were impotent and did little more OGDEN, UTAH than create a dozen jobs for the offiCOME AS YOU ARE cials of the organization. CHAUNCEY W. WEST, Cen l MSB. Now, however, the government workers are to have a "militant, fighting labor union which will get Such at tlnr.gs done for them. $36,000,000,000. word that the least agent is press the senators From among some if Li en spread under Mr. Baker's I gamed the impression that there is has considerable worry about the gov- direction. Mr. B.iker is familiar with the ernment's spending and they wanted to see the Robinson amendment preproblems of government service. vail because they recognized U as Undoubtedly he recognizes that he PHOTOGRAPHY a move that would eventually bring cannot use the same methods in orfederal government spending within ganizing government workers that ROLLS DEVELOPED control. Also, senators of tiiat are used in private industry. If, 8 pnn t4 double wiplneularfumenu, or would he a yoor cboUtlifteof 16 print whhont for attempt example, school of thought maintained that if ooln lir print Hr oiarfrr(nniift 1 think probably it would NORTHWEST PHOTO SERVICE states were called upon to bear strike, North Dakota Fargo some of file burden of relief, it would be file end of labor organizations in of Uie "militant, bring home forcefully the fact that the government WNU W 2837 all of this spendirg must sometime fighting" type. of notices Tlie taxes. out advance concerning be made up People do not like to pay taxes and they Mr. Bakers plans seem to indicate cannot be blami d for their attitude. that be is seeking members below Unless they realize, however, that tlie grades of official rank. In other borrowed money is being spent and words, if the Baker plans are carthey and their children and chil- ried out, the new union will be made Dont Neglect Them I rank and flic. dren's children are to be taxed to up of the Ktturs dmifurri th kidneys to do ft tnarveloua job. Their task is to keep the pay off the loans, they will not be This would seem to be an advantaflowing blood stream free of in excess of geous arrangement because it elimin favor of reducing national, state toxic impurities. The set of of the that s. is constantly producing west inates some dangers or local expensi matter the kidneys muat remove from develop where bureaucrats Tt.c dibate in the senate on the if blood the yood health is to endure. assume too much When the kidneye fail to function as preposition to sind some of the re-- and division heads Nature intended, there is retention of ef burden back to authority. e diawaste that may rauae lers. One may auiTer nagging backache showed states confinin a the also is Mayors City There danger of attacks ditznieas persistent headache, pla.nly that ing the organizat'on to the rank and yetting tip nights, swelling, puffineas Are Active rather under ths eye ftel tired, nervous, ail most of the sena file became among the less experiWorn put. tors are derusted with talk that enced labor leaders there is always frequent, scanty or burning passages be further evidence of Sidney or may will the haunt a tendency "to fiare up. That is hunger and distress bladder disturbance. The recogmted and proper treatment land if states are required again to say, lacking experience they may la a diuretic medicine to help the kidneys to take over some of this charity say filings or do things which are ret rid of excess poisonous body waste, work. The m prossion I gained from regrettable or which they have l ie l)oan'$ J'tJJs. They have had more than forty years of public approval. A Jft th.s debate was that a powerful lob- cause to regret later on. The vioendorsed the country over. Insist pa Doan'. Sold at aU drug stores. lence that has shown its ugly head by of mayors from some of the larger cities was turning on all of the in the steel strike proves this point. steam it could muster. Mayor So Mr. Baker has his job cut out for of New York was the boldhim in this direction. W estern Newspaper Union, est of these as he has been bold one-fourt- mm body-wid- |
