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Show THE PAYSON CHRONICLE. PAYSON. UTAH Current Events llie World Over IVews Review of Pre-idr- Reorganization of Federal Judici- Propo-c- s nt ary, Increasing Supreme Court Justices to Fifteen Efforts to Settle Motor Strike. EDWARD Western By PICKARD W. N?'pa;cr Union, lOrNT ROOSEVELT electri- - Ftr kers there to leave the plants. p-f.ed c(ii qrcss with a surprise mts-:?The sherd! served notice to the pr sleeping changes in men and they jeered him. They t! e t' der.il system wiiich then sent to Governor Murphy a would allow lorn to bombastic message to the effect p,nk the Supreme that they would resist eviction to Court with justices the deaJi. The mayor, city manwho could be exager and police chief of Flint, aspected to uphold the serting the people were tired of constitutionality of strikes and v.olence, organized between 500 and 1,000 police reserves. New Deal legislaThe police chief warned Lewis he tion. He submitted a "had better call off his strike if he draft of a bill to ac- doesn't want another Herrin mascomplish this reor- sacre " A writ of attachment for forcible ganization. It prostrikers vides: expulsion of the 1. That for every was obtained by the G. M. lawyers. federal judge with a service record of at least ten years MARITIME workers on the ended their long "continuously or otherwise" who fails to resign or retire within six strike by accepting working agreemonths after reaching the age of 70 ments that had been negotiated in the President shall appoint another San Francisco and the 40,000 men returned to their jobs. Ships in all judge. 2. That the number of additional the ports, long idle, got up steam Judges so appointed shall not exceed and prepared to resume business, and the ticket offices were thronged 50, the Supreme Court being limited to 15 members, appellate and with passengers. Shipowners issued a statement asspecial courts to two additional members each and district courts serting the end of the walkout would to twice the present number of mean a business revival for 1,000 industrial plants and 500 export ofjudges. s fices up and down the coast. 3. That of the Supreme of other courts Court and three-fifthshall constitute a quorum. SECRETARY of the Interior and the national re4. That the chief justice of the Supreme Court shall transfer circuit sources committee of which he is chairman have produced a public and district judges to jurisdictions works and national with congested dockets in order to water program for speed up disposition of litigation. the next six years, 5. That the Supreme Court shall and it was submitbe empowered to appoint a proctor ted to congress by to supervise the conduct of business President Roosevelt in the lower courts. with the recommenThe President also proposed a redation that it should form in the injunctive process which be adopted. It i n be declared would expediate Suvolves the expendipreme Court rulings on the constiture of five billion tutionality of legislation and would dollars and calls for further insure "equality" and "cersum annual of He federal said lump Justice. tainty Harold Ickes appropriations under frequent injunctions which set aside the regular budget for a list of apacts of congress are in clear violation of the principle of equity that proved projects, and allocation of injunctions should be granted only the funds to a permanent public works or development agency. in those rare cases of manifest illeAs the chief part of the plan, Mr. damage gality and irreparable presented congress with against which the ordinary course of Roosevelt a list of some $2,750,000,000 worth the law oilers no protection. He asked that congress forbid any o' water conservation projects, ina $116,000,000 l injunction or decision by any federal cluding program in the inundated Ohio and court touching a constitutional question without "previous and ample Mississippi river valleys. In his transmission message the notice" to the attorney general to President warned congress against an the government opportunity give "to present evidence and be heard." considering each project as a sepHis bill proposed that any lower arate entity. The report, he said, court decision which involved a con- "should, of course, be read in constitutional question be appealed di- junction with the recommendarectly to the Supreme Court, where tions for highways, bridges, dams, flood control, and so forth, already It would take immediate precedence under construction, estimates for over all other business. a vc been submitted in the which New Deal leaders in congress budget." were expected to back the Presi"During the depression." he tqld dent's proposals solidly, while it becongress, "we have substantially incame apparent that the conservative Democrats might align with the creased the facilities and developed solid Republican group in opposing the resources of our country for the it. The latter group saw in the bill common welfare through public works and work relief programs. a direct attempt to get rid of some "We have been compelled to unof the older justices of the Supreme Court who have proved continual dertake actual work somewhat hurin the emergency. stumbling blocks for pet New Deal riedly "Now it is time to develop a acts. plan and policy for construcChief Justice Charles Evans tion to provide the best use of our Hughes, approaching 75. has voted resources and to prepare in advance to to sometimes sustain, sometimes invalidate New Deal laws. Justice against any other emergency. The committee that drew up this Willis Van Deventer, 78, has invari-ahlbesides Mr. ooposed New Deal laws; so program includes, bave James Clark McReynolds. 75; Ickes, Secretary of War Harry H. George Sutherland. 75. and Pierce Woodring. WPA Administrator HarButler, 71. Louis Dembitz Drandeis, ry Hopkins. Secretary of Agriculture Henry A Wallace, Secretary of 80, has voted to sustain New Deal Labor Frances Perkins. Secretary NRA. of in the case the acts, except oi Commerce Daniel C. Roper. rejected by unanimous decision. If the President is successful in Frederic A. Delano uncle of the and Charles E Merriam, putting over the proposed changes President, it will he the eighth time in the 143 University of Chicago professor. years of the Supreme Court's history that the number of justices has been ESPITE the warm opposition of changed. The largest number ever Democratic Senator J W Bailto sit on the bench was 10 from 13C3 ey of North Carolina and others, 5 to 1860, and the smallest number including the few Republicans, the from 1301 to 1302. senate passed the house deficiency relief bill carrying an appropriatogether by c.ov. tion of $943,725,803 Senator Bailey spoke in support of Brought at the demand his amendment which would require of the White House, representatives of both sides in the General Motors a means test, or "pauper's oath, as some have called it, for states, ... strike were in al- - , counties, and their political subdimost continuous visions to secure federal aid for conference seeking tiie.r retie, requirements. The a way to settle ttie amendment was rejected without a The controversy. record vote. s w a corporation Oat of the total allocated In the represented by bill for "relief and vork relief," liam S. Knuds about Sti5d.000.000 was expected to executive vice pres be given ti the Works Progress Adand John idenv. ministration From this fund aid Thomas Smith of will be given to victims of floods ui the legal staif. Actthe Ohio and Mississippi valleys. ing for the strikers were John L. Lewis, head of ihe C I. O , T'0 FINANCE fur another year the social security board, vetJohn Rmphy. its director, and Q -- v pi.-e.- n two-third- s flood-contro- 1 long-rang- y N - work, day pit k and sms. . ; borers all du.sri tie- - M Cairo appeared to t.j', v. : N fight to save the fert.'e the river from the great tlmd engineers warned tnat the iai ger of inundation was not yet user. However, most of the levees were holding and the w.nds that had been driving the waters against tnem were subsiding Atx ut 200,003 Feverish - Parson Weems, Washington I of the valley had been forced to abandon the.r homes, but the Red Cross and other relief agencies were earing for them. At Ca.ro am H.ckman were plenty of coast guard boats and barges ready to rescue the feujle if the embankments gave way. iloodwater from a break in the Pessie Landing, Tenn., levee all but encircled Tiptonville. Tenn., and spiead over adjacent thousands of acres. Backwaters continued to harass lowland dwellers in M.ssissippi and Louisiana but engineers firm in the conviction the worst definitely would be over when the crests pass Arkansas and Tennessee. Harry Hopkins, WPA administrator, and other members of the special flood relief committee named by President Roosevelt, went to the flood areas with the expressed intention of seeing that the job of caring for the refugees was well done. Mr. Hopkins indicated he was prepared to spend $790,000,000 the entire deficiency work relief budget for flood relief if necessary. ELMO SCOTT WATSON EBRUARY 22 is near at hand, which means that we shall soon be honoring again the memory of George Washington. As usual, a part of the annual Washington Birthday celebration will consist cf tributes to his greatness as a soldier and a statesman, as the leader in the American struggle for liberty and as the first President of the new nation. It is certain, too, that there will be a repetition of many of the familiar stories about Washington, the man and Washington, the human being and it is inevitable that, in retelling those stories, fact and fancy will be mixed, myth and legend will be recited once more and the Washington which you and I the real Washington in everyday life can under- associates and and our friends stand will still elude us. Why is it that George whom he had freed several years before. Washington seems destined He Leaves the Ministry. always to be a remote, shad1790 Weems was without In owy figure in our minds? a charge and during the next By Why must he remain a like personality aloof god- two years he presided occasion- from ally over the neighboring parish humankind, a marble statue of a man who never once steps down from his pedestal to walk the earth like other men? One of the reasons is STANLEY HIGH, religious went rR.publicist that the who has been promiin the to work history early nent among the administration supporters, is out of Presidential favor. of our nation and one in parHe ha3 been cashing in on his ticular seized upon George closeness to the White House by Washington as the subject writing for periodicals, and his latlegendary fashioning est article, entitled "Whose Party for Is It? in the Saturday Evening tales. His name was Mason Post, brought this statement reLocke Weems and he, more leased by Assistant White House than any other man, is re- meant ITALY and Turkey settled their disputes in conferences between their foreign ministers. Count Ciano and Dr. Tewfik Rustu Aras. Italy will participate in the Montreux convention which gave Turkey the right to rearm the Dardanelles, and Turkey is assured that Italian ambitions to possess Turkish Anatolia have been abandoned. It was believed Mussolini consid-- ' ered the time ripe to make friends with Turkey, first allaying Turkish suspicions and defining spheres of influence, in the hope Italy could woo Turkey from friendship with Ga-leaz- Moscow. SECRETARY of of State Rafael Cuba announced that Pedro Martinez Fraga had been appointed Cuban ambassador to Washington. He has been serving as minister to London and will succeed Ambassador Guillermo Patterson, who has been transferred to Mexico City. of Westminster. Finally, feeling that he was a failure as a minister, he decided to turn his talents to other work. During his service as a preacher he was a strong advocate of temperance and showed other signs of becoming a reformer. In that character he Old woodcut from The Looking Glass of the Mind," iijj The Fruitful Vine from which Weems got his idea for the ington cherry tree story. you your lug. Washington, know, is gone! Millions are gaping to read something about him. I am very nearly primd and cockd for em. So within a few months there reprinted from the English origpamphlet inal a popular medical pamphlet, appeared an A History of of title the bearing the nature of which gave it a and wide sale but scandalized some of the Life and Death, Virtues GeorgeWash-ingtoof General Exploits churchmen. the conservative dedicated to Mrs. WashThis not only hastened his decision to leave the ministry but ington, by the Rev. M. L. Weems of Dumfries." Its author wa3 pointed the way to another cathat reer that of becoming a publish- quite correct in believing to read are "millions gaping of er and bookseller. sponsible for what millions Back in 1784 an Irishman something about him. For the Americans think they know Mathew Carey had come first edition of the pamphlet wa3 named about George Washington. to Philadelphia and established soon sold out and a second ediSo it seems appropriate to a newspaper, to which venture tion followed quickly. In this ediof the time this at tell he soon added the publication tion the author added a line to story title "Faithfully taken from Parson Weems and his ca- of books and magazines. In 1793 the authentic documents probWeems met and a formed Carey reer. And not the least of ably because some skeptic had business him association with the interest in that story is which continued for more than questioned some of his statements. the fact that he himself is three decades. The Book Grows. So "Parson Weems became almost as shadowy a figure But the public seemed willing an itinerant bookseller and soon in the minds of most Amerto accept what he had written his travels were him all taking icans as is the Washington about the great Washington along the Atlantic seaboard. which he helped create for Moreover, The book was sellhe was making more so that it was difficult fast ing them. in this business he than money On October I, 1759 a son was had ever made before. So in 1795, to keep up with the demand for born to David Weems, a farmer when he married Fanny Ewall, it. A new edition appeared every in Anne Arundel county in the the daughter of Col. Jesse year and each successive edition Province of Maryland, and his Ewall, a prosperous planter near was larger than the previous one. wife, Hester Hill Weems. Evithe Potomac river port of Dum- By the time the fifth edition was no was there danger fries, Va., he was able to install published in 1806 the 80 pages had dently of "race suicide in the Weems her in a comfortable home which grown to 250 and its title now family for this was their 19th he had bought in Dumfries. Af- read The Life of George Washington, with curious anecdotes, child! The boy was given the ter the death of his father-in-laname of Mason Locke Weems Weems and his wife moved into and when he grew up was sent the Ewall mansion, and to Kent County school, at there he made his home, what time he was not out on his bookAt the age of fourteen young peddling trips. Weems went to England to study Important to this story are the medicine and follow in the foot- facts that the Ewalls were closesteps of a great uncle, Dr. Wil- ly related to the Balls, the famliam Locke, for whom he had ily of George Washingtons mothbeen named. After graduating er, that Colonel Ewalls sister from the University of Edinmarried Dr. Craik, Washingtons burgh young Weems served for personal physician, and that a time as a surgeon on a British Washington himself occasionally warship. Then in 1776 he re- visited Colonel Ewall at Bel Air turned to America. which was only 18 miles from Apparently Weems took no part Mount Vernon. But more imporin the fight for liberty and during tant still is the fact that from the last part of the war he seems a seller of books Weems ambito have had some association tion led him to become a writer with Rev. William Smith, an enof books or, more accurately, takergetic churchman who had of pamphlets. en over Weems alma mater, Kent County school, and was Washingtons Indorsement. His first venture in that field developing it into the present Washington college. Out of that was taken about a year after his association grew Weems deci- marriage. He collected a symGEORGE WASHINGTON sion to become a minister. After posium of the utterances of Ben(Picture used as the frontispiece some difficulty in overcoming the jamin Franklin and other expoin Weems biography.) prejudice of high Episcopal nents of the homely virtues of life, which he published under equally honorable to himself and the title of "The Immortal Men- exemplary to his young countrytor, or Mans Unerring Guide to men. Also the author now dee a Healthy, Wealthy and Happy scribed himself on the Life. Washington, because of his as the "former rector of Mt. friendship for the Ewall family, Vernon parish, despite the fact wrote an indorsement of the that there was no Mount Vernon parish in Virginia, any more than book. More than that, he permitted Weems to display this he was, as he described himself indorsement on the title page of in later editions, "former rector the pamphlet and the magic of of General Washingtons parish. The buyers of Weems book, approval by the Father of His however, apparently werent conhad to much do Country" with the successful sale of Weems cerned about the accuracy of the authors description of himlittle book. When Washington retired from self anymore than they were conthe Presidency Weems put out cerned about the accuracy of another book. It was called "The some of his curious anecdotes. "swallowed them Philanthropist: or a Good Twenty-F- They literally told them to their ive Cents worth of Political whole; they Love Powder for Honest Adams-ite- s children, who in turn told these tales to theirs. Thus did some of and JefTersonites and it was a protest against the par- the legends about George Washin tisan political spirit which was ington become deeply-rootedividing the country. Along with American belief. Chief among these is Weems plea for harmony REV. MASON L. WEEMS among the familiar cherry-tre- e legends the citizens of the country story. church officials in England this book were sketches of in Weems declared that this story the against citizens of a "rebel col- nation's fighting men during the was told to him by "an aged lady with the household of Weems was finally orony. revolution, designed to stir up connected the elder Washington dained in 17S4 and for the next patriotic sentiments but he in his readtook care never to tell her name. five years served as rector of ers. All Hallows church in Maryland. The same anonymous lady is Because of the double During this time his income of this book Washington purpose also the authority for the story indorsed how Wahingtons father tried was meager and he eked it out it also, with these words: "Much of by conducting a school for girls. indeed is it to be wished that the to "startle George into a lively Also during this time he was sentiments contained in your sense of his Maker. This story, while not so well known as the having other difficulties. He found pamphlets, and ttie doctrine it h.- mso f cherry tree story, is equally inunpopular w.th die conendeavors to servative members of the parish meie prevalent inculcate, were teresting. Ilappv would it In it Weems has the elderWash-tngtobe. .case he was too willing to be for this country at least, p: each, if requested, to Method tracing George's name in they were so." the earth in his garden-patcwho had recently spl.t off Tins u as m August. 1799. With and tiom the established church; too m four months planting it with cabbage seed Washington lav A 1ttle later the wif. ng to exhort in ha teams uead at boy is shown mint Vernon. In Jam what and thcr "r'.;,,.iv " r.ocem ami is apparently a miracle ,mi s Wtc-imiv. mo cnaritable n extend ins name, "George fr emi and business tig rci.g. Washington, out m given shoots comspelled Dairy, follows; the ground. When ing up from slaves I've something to whisper in young George runs to h.s father myth-make- Secretary Early: "The President announced the death of the official spokesman in March, 1933. He now announces the authoritapassing of the tive spokesman those who write as one of the President's closest advisers. Though High was not named, Mr. Early 'eft no doubt as to who wa: Myth-Mai- d rs 80-pa- n; Bel-Ai- r, Ches-tertow- n. . THIRTEEN ot the Russian tried in Moscow for plotting the overthrow of the Stalin regime were condemned to death court, by the and their pleas for mercy were reject ed by the presidium of the communist p" executive commit tee. They were or dered shot within 48 hours after sentence was pronounced One of the execu Honors said "they died like soldiers." To the surprise of the world, four of the leading defendants were saved from the firing squad, being sentenced to terms of imprisonment. These were Karl Radek, once noted journalist, and Gregory Sokolnikov, former Soviet ambassador to London. given ten years each; and M. S. Stroilov and V. V. Arnold, or- dered confined for eight years. The judges said these four men. while guilty of treason, did not actually participate in terroristic and wreckIt was the belief of ing activities neutral observers that they had been spared in order to get their testimony against the scores of men still under arrest for participation ui the eonspiiacy. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH pOL. celebrated his thirty-fiftbirthday m Rome, whither he had flown with Mrs Lindbergh in their From the Eternal City they flew to Tripoli to spend a few days with Gen Italo Balbo, governor of Libya and himself a famous airman Then they planned to continue to Egypt new-plan- P'EDERAL agents and Missouri I state troopers wen led by Rob title-pag- d n i.--ts h ( r' I for an explanation, the makes his little trick a: for a sermon on the wo: Omniscience. The Origins of His If there was ever the bit of evidence to suppe: story historians, who ably have dug up every bit of information that bearing on Washington life, have never been discover it. What they covered, however, is tha Back in 1797 John B,: Philadelphia published called "The Looking Gi the Mir.d; or, the ; Friend. Later editions same book were brought ; h; s T. B. Jansen and Coir.; New York. In them called "The tO im ier the UC M if! d bhi Sc to h; s ( os Fruitful in which a father moral his son much as the elder ington moralizes to young in the cherry tree story the cherry tree story did pear in the earlier ed.: Weems biography but ones (after the publics "The Looking Glass Mind) scholars are cor; that the "Parson baa cherry tree story on th story. Similarly, an aneci: vented by an English sqm before Washingtons time press his son with the g: of God, gave Weems th for his cabbage seed story Although the origin of the other stories which included in his book are easily detected, there i doubt in the minds of hi? that they are pure invent with or. the Parson slightest, if indeed any foundation in fact. All of course, were highly mo: all tended to paint the Washington as nearly per a boy could be. About a decade ago V: tons biographer was him subject of a biography. "Parson Weems of the Tree, written by Harold and published by the company. In this book I commenting upon the f; Weems originated so man; ington legends, says: "He (Washington) was manly games, the fastest the best jumper, and In fact, this yo: mirable Crichton was ti e idi ill n W des hS, id Ti ! ba ag ei; 01 01 n It oi un s n o! y: C literary artist of a who fc commercial value of la; virtue with the heavy tr these and other fables oi ilar character scattered : the book, Weems ere: Washington that all the and research of the schok' been unable to erase. 1 Weemsian Washington tit sists in the school readers: the popular imagination, of truly terrifying piosit incredible perfections Mr. Albert J. Beveridge in his life of John Mars: impossible and ini prig- - t,rrr Early Best Sellfi- Be that as it may, the''1 An ican people of the Ni" century evidently pious to the point gishness for they accept son Weems portrait of ington as an authentic handed it down to us. Before Weems death he wrote many other boob of them moral tracts want?-heroe- s J: ! The Drunkards Lookiri-"God- Revenge Again-- Gods Revenge der, etc. Und: Gambling fct were they popular in but that day soon passed 34 enduring was his even though it was 8 z piece of mixed fiction For his Life of Wash-- i that paradox of a with untruths about a ffls mtorfc he painted as the truthfulness! is more W early "best seller," It ment to a master my- - wlin who gave a nation Le?. waj convinced them that it ' c'ufv tory. I-- mas-- T 4 kf!1 C Western Newsp-'P- f ( |