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Show .' 5. V THE PAYSON CHRONICLE. PAYSON. UTAH YSV ln the White House, symbolizing the position of President McKinley commander in chief of the nrmy and was the first war flag of Its klud that had thus ever been used. But for some unknown reason the Davy Presidential flag, which would mbolize his position as cominand-lchief of the navy, was not thus n displayed. The army Presidential flag was first exhibited publicly at the peace jubilee celebration ln Chicago in 1S99 and again at a similar celebration in Philadelphia. Later both the army and the navy flags were twice hung ln the main hallway of the White nouse during army and navy receptions but the army flag was never hoisted until March 4, 1001, when It flew over the Presidential reviewing Rtand at the second inauguration of McKinley. ! !it; Ii IIS 'lljrsk Ugh!, mw ad Iri ::j Na,K'( Nas been of being the in our history li'ie) Vffi .frtsa Army-Nav- y given the first Vice to have a Miiblematlc of his office. It n Jreeeutly designed and a white banner on poars the national coat of 1 four blue stars. Now that fi:o; has seen another flag our national stand off pre-liii- will soon (on June oiirating Flag day again, iiul we appropriate to consider I the other American flags their part in our na-- r 0TBf 11 5;inli!ion. even though they id,(!Yo well known as the Stars v-- f 'i'c all, tliere Is the Presi- the personal banner of Executive. Its a blue flag, ith white and yellow silk earing the United States arms In the center and a Sir in each corner, residential flag has had resting history, inasmuch uestion of a proper design as resulted In a series of controversies over several Its 'of heraldry involved. has been one long record ges and restorations until 88 g, but the navy clung to Its blue fleld and the army to Its red field. It was not until the next administration that decided steps toward uniformity were taken. On June 24, 1012, and again on October 29, 1912, President Taft Issued executive orders that tiie color of the field of the Presidents flag shall be blue." But the army did not Immediately conform and a difficult situ- ation arose at the inaugural ceremonies of President Wilson in March, 1913. The reviewing box In front of the White House was decorated with two Presidents flags, provided by the War department and the Navy department. The Navy departments was blue, but the War departments was red! Double Display of Colors Controversy The first controversy over the Presidential flag came up In 1809. The War department order of 1808 had definitely directed that the official coat of arms on the central star should be as determined by the State department and the arms referred to are those shown on the great seal of the United States, hich is in the custody of the Department of State. The shield thereon had always displayed seven red and six white bars, alternately red and white, which was strictly In accordance with the act of congress of June 20, 17S2, establishing the great seal. In 1800 when the equipment officers at New York and Mare Island, where flags for the navy are made, were furnished their flag books for the year, they called attention to the fact that the shield on the Presidents flag erroneously displayed seven white and six red stripps, Instead of the reverse. It was discovered that the design had been copied from a publication of the State department, entitled The Seal of the United States." The matter was taken up unofficially with the State department and ended with an admission from officials of that department that there was no logical reason for the reversal of the colors which was presumed to be the result of an ar- - This revived the old controversy and when again in 1915 there was a double display of colors the matter assumed a serious aspect. It was pointed out to President Wilson that an agreement should be made and a standard flag adopted for both branches of the service. The President called ln Lieut. Com. Byron McCandless, aide to the secretary of the navy, and requested ldin to prepare a design for the Presidential standard. The new flag was to consist of a blue field with four white stars In the corners, since the flags of an admiral and of a general bear four stars as a sign of command, and the President Is the highest ranking admiral and general. Instead of an exact reproduction of the great seal, President Wilson expressed a desire to have his personal seal, a modification of the great seal used on the Presidents stationery in the White House, on the flag. This seal differs from the great seal In that the eagles head Is turned to the sinister (Its left) and the stars above the eagle are differently arranged. The new design was prepared by the bureau of construction and repair under the direction of Commander McCandless and was approved by the President in an executive order dated May 29, 1916. So and the four stars. The Secretaries If Its the secretary Flags of the treasury, you will see another blue flag but the design on it Is even more complicated. Two crossed anchors are surrounded by a ring of thirteen white stars. In front of the Intersection of the anchors is a shield bearing In the top half a pair of scales (of the balance type) and in the lower half a key. The symbolism of these Is, of course, clear. The secretary of the treasury holds the key to the nations strongbox and from the earliest days the balance scales were used ln weighing precious metals. The secretary of commerce also has a blue flag with the four white stars but In the center Is a white shield, at the top of which sails a vessel and below a lighthouse casts its beams abroad. The secretary of labor has a white flag adorned with four blue stars and the seal of the Department of Labor In the center. Tills includes an escutcheon surmounted by a spread eagle and bearing upon its field the plow and other devices which proclaim the dignity of labor. The flag of the secretary of the interior has a light green field bearing in the center the golden figure of a buffalo and a star ln each quarter. Besides the national banner with its 13 red and white stripes and its 48 stars, emblematic of the 48 states ln the Union, there are also 48 ethone for each er American flags of those commonwealths. Abuut f of these are blue banners bearing In the center the state seal or some other figure emblematic of that state and a few notably Ohio, Vermont and New Mexico are three-maste- d one-hal- 1916, to-fo- d at time. a flag for the Presi-its origin in the navy. On Dim, Gideon Wells, secre-th- e navy. Issued a set of pguiations, prescribing that Decasion of the visit of the li active 3 S ' l ' it on board a rican ensign should be disit the main. This was the cial order to designate a flag ; the presence of the Presl-oar- d a national ship. A was made the next year man-of-wa- r, rt flS A'i ;4--' 's ,V"' (ff I '' - 4 M 1 V rectangular Union Jack bine, bearing horizontal white stars, one for each ?as adopted as the Presl-a- g when on board a national W " 1 "'kA Unfortunate Choice ugh this was the first dls-fla- g for the President, It unfortunate choice. In the ie Union Jack at the fore-- a signal for pilot Thus In p of a ship with only one he display of the Union Iglit mean either the Preside pilot; in the case of a iter the signal would be con-ansince, at that time, a the rigging was a signal of its use for the President t'fly one complimentary to d est officer in Sh, the land. however, the national designated as the and it remained when William E. ary of the navy, which was approved dent Chester Alan Arthur, he flag of the President of ed States shall consist of a ound with the arms of the States in the center. It was 10 years later, however, a army followed the lead of by adopting a distinctive us commander In chief. 1 did Its action marked the of a series of contro-whlo- h were to last for near nt s flag "1 IS'tJ. a1, score! i of th 0 fee: abort Irani decades. )f he coat-u- order, Issued fi.--ofia, ron,ra' from s, the adjutant direction of the ' ring war the Presidents She?' e army was designated as , iin 8CarJ,,t l!,,ntiT)K with white nes of the four corners 4., earh1, d!P0f the fleld a Iarge lltlr ef he ; the'tined in white and rear center the United ged fcrJ. wat of arms. Around " this iter n,,1Pr wb'te stars jrrea: the states of the Union. 2'iv S,anisb American ne nvai' Jln 'T V.Jt flnK was hung it cabinet room 1 f8 t of Colorful Peacocks also have their own emblems. If the secretary of war Is making an. official visit, there is displayed a red flag, bearing the United States coat of arms (with some minor differences from that shown on the Presidents flag) and four white stars in the corners. If It's the secretary of the navy, it's a blue flag with a white anchor in the center under President w Wilson, there evolved sidents flag as it Is that time each Pres-ithe right to select the for his own flag and most i did. But the Presidential (d by President Wilson has led by our Chief Executives in , Pretty Wall Hanging By ELMO SCOTT WATSON 1 -- IN GUADALAJARA Some Other American Banners You May See Flying on Flag Day offlce by IDO7 2Er handmade by H. I Sherritt of Richmond, who representing every state in the Union, were conection with the aid of Richmond Business College ,; girls6.6 Virginia World War Memorial carillon at Richmond. (Photo of Commerce). Chamber courtesy Virginia State modifications of the parent Stars In 1002 at last the controversy was ended bltrary heraldic license. uniform for and Stripes. a President's and flag, isthe acting secretary of the navy of the service, came Others are emblems slgnficant of sued a memorandum that the State both branches the Into history of the state. The state shield being. department certifies that the conarmy-navflags of Alabama, Mississippi, North the red bars, But six though and white seven has President s flag Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Aralternating white and red, and it is troversy over the Georgia and Florida are ordered that such shall be the seal was thus ended, there are those kansas, reminiscent of the Stars and Bars the with satisfied not are who yet on the President's flag. They point out the of the Confederacy. The Texas flag Meanwhile the army continued to Presidents flag. seven while and six is also reminiscent of the Lost the that fact red seven make its flag with the Cause with Its two broad bars of even though shield, on the red bars and six white stripes on the shield. white and red, but more particularof the Indorsement have the In November. 1902, it was decided It does In conformnot ly docs its blue fleld with one large Is to State department, that something should be done dewhite star recall the fact that it of these arrangement the ity with reconcile the difference in the In the act of was once the Lone Star republic. as prescribed colors committee A sign on the shield. of June 20, 1782, adopting California also recalls the fact that from the War department and the congress seal of the United States, it was a republic with its single red the great PresiconNavy department called on star and the figure of a bear on a nor as prescribed by the act of dent Roosevelt and suggested that white field across which Is emblaISIS, 4. prescribing of April since other nations had but one flag gress In zoned the words California Rered and white stripes for its chief, It was not consistent alternating the American flag. public. establishing for our President to have two. The flag of the territory of Haacthan eerlous this, more But So it was decided to adopt a new which, hopes to place the forty-nint- h waii. Is the cording to heraldy experts, the oldstar ln our national flag, looks flag, closely patterned after fact that on the President's flag more like a British flag than an er navy flag, but with several moditoward Is turned head the eagle's It preserves the crosses American. fications. A short time later orders the sinister, that is, away from were Issued by the secretaries of of St. Andrew, SL George and SL anof the one Is It the flag pole. Patrick In Its canton and carries the two departments that the colors cient rules of heraldry, they say, on the shield, as certified by the look eight stripes three red, three white that no bird or animal ever and and two blue. Some of the SouthState department (seven white if such a for staff, the from on away ern states retain the cross of St. head six red bars) be followed and the flag is carried Into battle, look Andrew, which was used In the batNovember 21, 1902, It was officially thus turned would make it betle flag of the Confederacy but Haretreatannounced that the controversy were bird as though the the waii is the only American soli over all other tween the two departments over On was ing from the enemy. which float the three crosses that appears, the design of the Presidents flag eagle which on flags were a cantonal feature of the first staff, the at an end. The only other change faces its head always flag of the United Colonies of was to make the eagle white, heavside of the regardless of which America, the flag nspd by the Conat. ily stitched ln black. flag one looks however, tinental for army until the adoption of agreement, the flags t Despite In ldi ion tn distinctive hrnnos and Stripes on June 14, two ! Stars the die the flags used by president, arid now the lp 1777. in the officials of the service were not vet deother high e XVetir!i Viwiaper Union. Turnout same. True, both used the same executive lira ni'li of our g.,v, shield, the and vice as to the eagle Iheseags, rSicturTmaS y IT PATTFPS How rarely one sees k peacock with all bis lovely plumage displayed I Skin Peddler In Guadalajara. by National Geographic Society, Waahmgton, D. C. WNU Service. Prepared Guadalajara, venerable city Is one of Mexicos tourist meccas. Sleepers run from Los Angeles Rails through to Guadalajara. also link the city with the sea at Manzanillo ; still another system ties it with Mexico City, with the Gulf of Mexico, aud the Texas border. These railways, with the nations steadily growing net of motor highways, make Guadalajara an active distribution center. Here cheap electric power, ample labor, and abundunt raw materials stimulate various industries. These Include spinning and knitting mills, candy and cracker works, and shops famous for their beautiful tiles and mosaics. The arcades that shade the sidewalks before stores facing a plaza shelter many street venders. A hat peddler walks majestically along with 15 or 20 hats for sale, stacked on his own head, one atop the other, like a pagoda. Another curries a long string of sandals. Some are of straw, others of rawhide, and a few made from old automobile tires cut Into soles. Country peons usually wear buggy white drawers; but custom now decrees that tills badge of rural servitude shall not be worn ln Guadalajara streets. So, at the edge of the city, "pants shops are open where trousers may be rented. Just check your drawers there and rent a pair of pants, as Impecunious American students mny rent evening clothes for a party I Changing sartorial standards, however, are destroying this simple industry. Indians arrive in the city with baskets of assorted fruits, guavas, gourds, tiny lemons, cactus pears and mangoes. On the pavement they arrange little plies one kind of fruit here, another tliere; then they squat down, silently awaiting buyers. If you want fruit, buy it, but dont ask questions. Toys, candies, soft drinks, postcards, newspapers, pottery, medallions of the saints, small melons white on one side like a fishs belly everything from mule gear and sticks endold tools to enrved-wooing In ornate filigree balls for stirring chocolate are spread out for sale on the sidewalk. Good Merchandise In the Stores. Inside the large stores, of course. Is modern merchandise. Some American women, wise In local ways, say that If the stores dont carry the particular hat or gown they wish, clever native women soon make them copying, If need be, from no more than a picture from an American fashion Journal. Most lingerie, dress goods, millinery, soaps, perfume, and Jewelry are sold by merchants. Machinery, jFrench hardware, and such heavy goods are usually handled by Germans. Few Americans are found ln retail trade; they, with the British, are more Interested ln mines, ranches, power plants, railways, or banks. If you buy any sizable article ln a store, the merchant whistles up a street porter to carry It home for you. rersons of position would lose caste carrying a big pureel through Dorters even carry the streets. big bags of silver coin to and from the banks and for some reason are seldom molested. Buy your dead mans bread here," a bakers sign may read around All Souls day. At that time, some Mexicans believe, the spirits of departed relatives return to dine The dining with their families. table becomes ;n altar, and some foods are served in strange shapes, such as candy skulls, big and little, with cherries for eyes, ribs and leg bones made of chocolate, or cakes baked ln the form of coffins. Many churches ln Mexico were built on sites of ancient Aztec temples, the heads of whose Idols were cut off by zealous Spaniards. In some churches fragments of heathen ldofs are built into the wails. After the conquest, Spain built literally thousands of Mexican churches. They dominate Guadalajara. From here the padres marched, building missions all the way to California. Devotion of the Peons. Horses and rebels were housed ln some of these churches, with priests and nuns deported during the revolutions. But the faithful carried on. Pious peons came for miles on their knees to the churches. Old women, shouting the chants and Itanies or counting their beads, crawled to the This proud pair of colorful bird altars on stiff old knees. Girls knelt will hold this unique pose as long with crowns Of thorns on their as your wall panel lasts. Youll wnnt brows, and small boys clutched at It done ln a short time, of course, the crucifixes. and It will be, for the actual emFrom Guadalajara out to the sub- broidery goes very quickly, using only urban church at Zupopan is but a single, running and outline stitches. short trip by tramear; but during You may use either silk, wool or cotan August feast peons hobble out ton floss, but remember the more to It on their knees, taking all day. colorful It Is, the prettier When prayers are over they stage a Pattern 1014 comes to you with a costume play depleting the Spanish transfer pattern of a picture 15 by 20 conquest of Jalisco. Then Indian Inches; a color chart and key; maplayers dress and act the parts of terial Illustrations of 1 Spanish knights and the local Indian characters of that conflict. In recent years education has been taken awny from the church, and the new generation tends to abandon these mimetic dances and dramatic rituals. The chief edifice In Guadalajara la the cathedral; its twin towers rise over the city, visible for miles. Op feast days long strings of lights Illuminate the towers, and at Easter the bishop washes the feet of twelve old men, chosen at random from street crowds. Rushing to aid the king of Spain ln the Peninsular war went many men of Guadalajara. Legend says money was sent, too, raised by melting gold and silver plnte and candlesticks from the cathedral. In gratitude the king gave this church Murillo's great painting, The Assumption of the Virgin, still hanging In the cathedral though many attempts have been made to buy or purloin It. Loses Popularity. The bull ring Is here, of course; but such sports as boxing, football, and baseball have robbed It of Despite Its conpopularity. tinuous appeal to the peon, who glories In Its cruel, gory combats, and survival of a few other habitues, hull fighting as a business is on the decline. Bulls from Spain are still sent to Mexico City, where tourists help support the arena, and some fighting animals are still raised on the West coast ranches for Guadalajara. One of these Is the old Rancho San Jose de Conde, ln Navarit, which dates from 1550. It Is one of America's oldest ranches. Its output of small, black, savage bulls went on for generations. To perpetual the fighting Instinct, the rule on this ranch was Kill every bull calf that does not seem to hate men. Such a plan Insures a bull ferocious as any wild animal. One young bull on this ranch chased a vaqnero up a tree and kept him treed till he nearly died of thirst. When Cortez conquered Montezuma and founded New Spain, he had with him one Don Nunode Guzman, who soon rose to power and grew Jealous of his chief. Eager to gain more honors and rlchea for himself, De Guzman, In 1529, quit the Aztec capital, with picked Spanish troops and many Tlnxcaltecan Indian allies, to explore the unknown regions farther west and north. In their trnvcls, De Guzman and his lieutenant, Cristobal de Onate, came upon a huge Indian Fighting stronghold, Nochlstlan. ensued, and nearby the Spaniards built their camp, a cluster of huts. Though moved about later to various neighboring sites, a town was laid out about 1530. It was named for De Guzman's home town In Spain, Guadalajara, from the Moorish meaning River of Rocks. From the king of Spain the new town got its coat of arms In 1539; so It wns really a white settlement nearly a century before the English landed at Jamestown. By 1500 Guadalajara had become important Its chief activity was Indian slave hunting, and the driving of these to work In the gold and silver mines. Vast fortunes were homes thus amassed, luxurius were built; and New Galicia, of which Guadalajara was the capital, then Included not only the present state of Jalisco, but much of what Is now five or six other Mexican states, reaching up to Sinaloa. Visit certain old Guadnlajara family homes now and you are astonished at the wealth and beauty of heirlooms from colonial days. Handmade silverware, even table services of gold, heavy Spanish chests bound in leather and copper, miniatures, jewelry, crucifixes and old paintings, guitars, Inlaid with pearl, historic tables, and weapons, other furniture so heavy that It can The be moved only with difficulty. old hand made locks on front doors are often so massive that the key itself may be as big and heavy as a common hatchet, say a foot long requirements; all stitches needed. Send 15 cents In coins or stamps (coins preferred) to The Sewing Circle, Needlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, N. 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