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Show THE PAYSON CHPO.WLE. PAYSON. UTAH Soy Beans Now Good Time to Blast Stumps of Old Trees Important Crop ' zam ," CORN AND ALFALFA BEST DAIRY CROPS Bureau of Dairy Industry Uses Rotation. Six-Ye- ar (Prepared by the (Jolted States Department of Agi (culture ) Cora, alfalfa, and pasture grass have proved to he the most profitable crops grown on the dairy experiment farm operated ut Beltsvllle, Md by the United States Department of Agriculture, The bureau of dairy industry uses a six year rotation, three years alfalfa ami three years corn. The pasture Is comparatively perm and does not enter Into the ro tatlon except ut Intervals. T. E. Woodward, In outlining the In changing from rotation, says: corn to alfalfa the ground Is manured In the fall nfler the corn Is removed tor silage. The land Is then plowed and left in the rough to allow pulver izatlon by freezing. The alfalfa Is sown about the llrst of April and pro duces two small cuttings the flrsi year. In changing f. om alfalfa to corn the tirst cutting of alfalfa Is removed the latter part of .May, the ground Is plowed, and corn is planted for adage. Manure Is applied for each crop of corn except the one following the al faifa, and In summer, when It cartnoi he used on the corn or alfalfa, It Is placed on the pastures. Lime Is up plied every six years previous to sow Ing the alfalfa.' A mixture of six pounds of orchard grass, four of timothy, three of red top, four of bluegrass. four of red clover, and two of alslke, sowed about April 1 on land that lias been fall plowed and manured, provides pasture about June. If the first crop of newly sown alfalfa Is weedy It is made Into hay, but lnsteud of giving It barn spnce 1 Is stucked In the pasture, which Is fenced so cows can eat It when pastures are short and dry. Alfalfa Will Outyield Any Other Legume Crop Where alfalfa grows well It will usually outyield any other legume. It will make cheaper hay than a legume, which must be seeded every year. Although experiments have shown that soy bean hay Is equal In value to alfalfa for milk production. It must he remembered that soy beun hay Is not ouly likely to be stemmy hut Is also more dltlicult to cure than nlfulfa. In view of the suees at the dairy experiment farm of the United States Department of Agriculture al Itettsvllle, Md.. In raising alfalfa on a heavy clay soli underlaid with an almost Impervious subsoil. It Is believed that alfalfa can be made to thrive on many soils often considered unsult able. Alfalfa makes such a good and Cheap hay, according to the bureau of dairy Industry, that dairymen are urged to not give up the Idea of raising alfalfa until convinced of Its Impracticability either by trial or by consulting some reliable authority. well-cure- d Numerous Feeds Useful With the Winter Ration There are numerous feeds that may he nsed In connection with the winter ration to take the place, in part at In least, of the tonic effect Inherent exBummer pasture. With the possible ception of apple pomace, silage is the only one f these feeds that ordinarily can be used with profit as a major portion f the dairy ration, in eonqve titlon with the common dry feeds. Iecause of the high cost of production, high market price or high cost of rtorlng and feeding, the others can profitaldy comprise only a much smaller percentage. Dairy Facts Every hull Is potentially dangerous. The dairy cow Is tre most etiident of all animals In changing crops Into human food. The cheap bull Is one of the most expensive Investments the live stock man can make. Proper feeding of the cows during the winter Is necessary to insure the birth of strong calves. The ration must supply feeds containing protein and mineral matter. Surprising variations In butterfut tests may be due to several causes. In Among these are: Sudden change exweather; sudden change In feed; citement or Irritation; change in surroundings; new mllket. Health and cleanliness are Important of high qualcows, kept clean, ity milk. Healthy and sanitary practices throughout the dairy contribute to Hgh quality production. fcvets In the production In cleaning and washing will pay dividends. A separator not skim efficienwill separator Time ape. dirty slime from the tly, If milky water and allowed to are previous separation the next bowl remain in the teparator contaminated, be will cream of batch "V causing It to spoil rapidly. Thrives on Soils Too Acid for Sweet or Red Clover or Alfalfa. United state Department of Agriculture.) In the last few years soy beans have become Important as a bay and seed crop In the eastern half of the United States. As the acreage Increased and new uses were found for the crop, the machinery for harvesting the seed has been developed to high efficiency. In the principal grain producing sec- (Prepared br th tions the grain binder, the self rake reaper, and the combine are now used for harvesting the seed In a publlca tlon just Issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers Bulletin 1005 F. Soy Bean Hay and the story of the Seed Production. rapid rise of the soy bean to Its present 'place In American agriculture Is traced, and suggestions are made us to the use of the crop. Harvesting Crop. Soy bean hay should he thoroughly cured before being stacked housed, or haled, as there Is danger of molding when it Is stored or haled too green or too soon after u rain Soy bean hay Is hnt little more difficult to cure than hay from other legumes, and may be bandied successfully by about the same methods. The crop Is at Its best for hay when the seeds are about half developed. The crop will do well on many soils It will grow well on soils too acid for red clover, sweet clover, or alfalfa It Is excellent as a summer catch crop following early crops, or for fields not In the regular rotation Cutting for Hay. The publication discusses the time and methods of cutting for hay and gives the best methods of curing the hay ; and as to the seed. It discusses time of harvesting, method of har vesting, threshing, and storage. Tentative United States standards have been prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture for use In the marketing of soy bean and soy bean mixed hny. and standards have been prepared for grading the beans. Soy beans which are to be stored as seed should be thoroughly dry when thrashed. After thrashing, the beans should be watched carefully to avoid heating and molding. Heating is especially likely to occur If the seed Is bulked In large quantities In a bln or In a poorly ventilated room. Soy beans are seldom attacked by weevils or the other Insects which attack most other beans and peas. The bulletin may be obtained free from the office of Information, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C as long as the supply available for free distribution lasts. Important Pointers on Pruning Young Trees The growth and fruiting habits of the cherry and plum lend themselves readily to the same general principles of pruning as are practiced In the case of apples and pears. On account of their smaller size and habit of growth, the open head system of training and pruning Is usually found best With these fruits, the most Important point, ta the establishment of the proper frame work or scaffold branches In the young trees Pruning after the trees come into hearing should be light and consist mainly of thinning out thick clusters to admit the proper amount of sunlight needed for the development of well colored fruit Improvement Societies Found in Many States Crop improvement associations now operating In thirty states and a number of Canadian provinces, serving as a connecting link between experiment stations and Individual farmers, have done muoh to help farmers reap the benefits of experiment station work For example, an Improved variety of oats developed by the Kansas station, and known as Knnota, yielding from five to ten bushels per acre more than commonly grown varieties, Is now the leading variety of oats grown In that state. Seed of this variety was first distributed by the station to a few farmers In 1921. San Jose Scale Practically all orchard fruits are attacked by the San Jose scale and many of the ornamental trees and shrubs are also attacked. As far as the fruit trees are concerned, the San Jose scale attacks the trunks, limbs, folluge and fruit. On the older parts of the tree, especially In case of a severe Infestation, the appearance Is that of an ashy gray color. When the hand Is rubbed briskly over the scales, a greasy appearance is a result of the mashing of the Insects underneath the scales. Corn Fertilizer For corn on well drained black prairie loam soils use superphosphate In the hill or drill at rates of from 90 to 100 pounds per acre where hill dropped, or up to 200 pounds per acre where drilled. The higher colored upland soils need a mixed fertilizer sucb since It starts the crop as the off a little more quickly In the spring when the soil Is cold This mixture should be applied at rates of from 75 where hill to 100 pounds per ac dropped Wet Soil Is Ideal for Explosives to Brace On. Now Is a good time to blast stumps, B. B. Robb of the New York State College of Agriculture. Wet soil is Ideal for the explosive to brace against to push out the stumps. Handle the blasting cups with care. Professor Itobb warns, for a blasting according to cap explodes unyone near with great force and It Is almost sure to be hurt. Electric blasting caps are generally considered better than caps and fuse to detonate dynamite for blasting stumps and ditches because fewer inis fires occur Either Is dangerous when carelessly handled as they are more sensitive than the dynamite Itself. Above all do not leave blasting caps of any kind around where children can pick them up. Professor Robb called attention to the appeal which the Institute of Makers of Explosives Is making to protect children from blasting caps. This organization estimates that approximately 500 dill dreri are crippled Id the United States each year from playing with binsting caps which they have picked up In the vicinity of mines, quarries, or In the field where agricultural blasting has been done. In March, April, and May the numliei of these accidents tends to Increase and this Increase con tinues through the summer months It is supposed that this occurs because children play out of doors more In good weather and also because more blasting Is done In these months. Bom Jew. 1,173 5 By MP ELMO SCOTT 3 WATSON HE association of New Tears day with nt events In American history goes buck 10 Its very be In fact, the ginning very name America" Dwarf Fruit Trees Will Occupy Very Little Room On an area 67 by 76 feet, George Hunt, McHenry county, III., has 70 These include apples, fruit trees. pears, plums and cherries, of which he has more than 50 varieties. Most of the trees are of dwarf varieties, else they could not stand so near to one another, writes Frank M Chuse, In the Farm Journal. The ap pie trees are set six feet apart and the pear trees five. Even then, small fruits currants, gooseberries, raspber ries and strawberries and many veg etables are grown between the rows of trees. Besides producing fruit, some of the trees also serve an ornamental purpose. Across one end of the little orchard and garden Is a cordon consist Ing of 24 of the apple, pear and plum trees. The trees In this cordon, which Is about seven feel high, are five years old. The cordon Is supported by wires strung on steel posts. The branches of four apple and two pear trees also have been arranged to form a low. cordon From one of tbe dwarf apple trees a Waggoner not more than seven years old and standing no higher than a man Mr. Hunt one season picked three pecks of fruit. Hunt also has had notable success with his small fruits, f raising gooseberries three and Inches In circumference, and red rasp berries, 14 of which laid side by side, have measured a foot 8J jT y P came lDto being association through with an event which took place on January 1. In the latter half of the Fifteenth century a Florentine named Americus Vespucci drifted to Spain and, hearing of the discoveries of Christopher Columbus, resolved to seek his fortunes In the New world So he visited Espanola (Haytl). went on a pearl bunting expedition with the Spaniard, Ojeda, In 1499. and on January 1, 1502, he discovered the Bay of Rio Janeiro In South America. Sometime during his voyuge he wrote a letter In which he called the western lands Mundus Novus," In stead of Asia, and some historians assert that Vespucci, before Columbus, discovered the mainland, that he was the first to realize that Mundus Novus was w holly distinct from Asia and was. In fact, a new world, and that therefore he has some claim to the title of discoverer of America." But whether he deserved that honor or not. the fact remains that the new continent was to be known as ruther than Columbus." America And this Is how It came about : At SL Die In the Vosges mountains there was at Ihe time Vespucci was making Ills voynge a little collegiate Institute which was a center of geographical learning. Two of Its faculty members, Mathias Ringman, a Latinist, and Martin Waldseemuller, a geographer, were preparing a new edition Time to Open Silo of Ptolemys Geograph a. Before It When silage Is allowed to settle was however, they printed published, d form a crust or decomposed mat a little essay under the title of Cos-the top. It makes little difference mographlae Introducto," to which they iat time It be opened, for very little added the letter of Vespucci. It was filing goes on after the cap Is once In this essay that Waldseemuller, aft-- , To open such silos the er med describing the three continents of illeri muterial on top should he con Asia and Africa, then gave Europe, It Is ad an account of the ;ned to the manure pile. voyages of Vespucci lahle to put It somewhere away and closed by saying "The fourth part It Is Not that un the stock. poison, of the world having been discovered I it Is of little value as food and j by Americus It may be called glit cause digestlonal troubles. the land of Americus or America." The suggestion met with favor, and although at first the name was con fined to South America, it was later applied to both western continents And thus, whether rlgtitlv or not. was Plant white or yellow pine on thin, the fame of Americus Vespucci per rough laud. petuated on the maps of the world. The next great epoch in American Paint and be ahead of the elements. history In which several important Remember. Save the surface and you events were linked with New Tear's save all. day was the American Revolution. On January 1, 1735, there was born In Boston A good farm record book accurately to a French goldsmith named A polios Rivors (who, however kept will enable a farmer to know ev ery angle of his business. changed that to Paul Revere soon aft er his arrival in America and his mar When new farm or garden problems riage to Dehoruh Hlchborn) a son present themselves, do not forget that who was named after hl.s father the county agent will help you solve Young Paul followed his fathers trade them. became an expert In It and In j and j many other things. A warmed toolhouse starts the good But, although few Americans mR.v husbandman on next years farm tasks know of Paul Revere In any of these by giving him a chance to put all Imroles, few Indeed are they who do not know of him as a courier bearing a plements In order. I word that shall echo forever more ! men are the For It was his famous midnight ride" Greenhouse starting early cabbage plants. They can regu- in April of 1775, which warned the late their sowings belter If you will patriots of the approach of the British and rallied them to make their give them your order now. stand at Lexington and at Concord, the shot heard round the Erosion Is doing more than the re- where world" was fired. moval of furm crops to reduce the ferOn the day that Paul Revere cele tility of soils. Sloping lands should be terraced to help check soil erosion. brated his tenth birthday, there was bora on a farm In Chester county, Pa., Asparagus heads the list of vege- another boy who was destined to tables for earliness. This vegetable Is achieve even greater fame In the great rapidly In popularity, the struggle for liberty. Anthony Wayne growing average having Increased four times was his name, and when he grew to what It was In 1923. young manhood he became as well known as a surveyor tn Pennsylvania Orderly marketing results from or- as Washington wns In Virginia. He derly production. Orderly production attracted the attention of Benjamin Is secured by studying market needs Franklin who had him appointed to and production trends, and planning look after the Interests of a oumber of Philadelphia business men who production In accordance with them. owned lands to Nova Scotia. Ujion his return from this work In 1767 he Drainage does more than take w ter off the land; It gives ventilation, married Polly Penrose, the daughter helps tillage, and lengthens the sea- of a prominent Philadelphia merchant, son. Drainage makes a transformation and they settled In Chester county where It Ls needed. where young Wayne made a good living aa a farmer and surveyor. two-nrine- d one-hal- I j i Agricultural Notes J j i i ; J In 1774 he was made one ol the provincial deputies and he was also a member of the Pennsylvania convention held at Philadelphia to discuss the Impending trouble between the colonies and the mother country. But Anthony Wayne was a man of action, not merely a man of words, und New 1776 found him at his home. Wa.vnesborough, Impatiently awaiting word from Philadelphia, Year's day of where the Pennsylvania committee of safety was about to choose the colhlch onels for the four battalions, were to be sent to the aid of General Washington and his Continentals beUnnhle to restrain his fore Boston Impatience, Wayne, two days later, bade bis Polly and their children a hasty good by and set out for Phlla delphla, there to learn that he had been appointed colonel of the flrsi bat talloo. So the military career of Anthony Wayne began and how brilliant that career was Is told in one of the most Interesting biographies of recent Mad An months Thomas Boyd's thony Wayne. published by Charles Scribners Sons. No better charac-Izatloof Wayne can be given than In the scene, as Royd describes It which took place after the long, bitter winter at Valley Forge when Washington summoned his generals to a council to decide whether or not to allow the British, who were preparing to leave Philadelphia for New York to pass across New Jersey unmolested Gen. Charles Lee spoke longest and loudest and his advice was to let the British alone. Then: Anthony Wayne had sat apart, holding a book beyond which be had n looked with bright-eye- d scorn aa ten of hie fellow officers had agreed with Charles Lee He raised his bead Well, general," asked bis Excellency, what do you propose to do? Wayne answered quickly, Fight air'" But that reply could scarcely have ot surprised the commander-in-chie- f any of the others For when badn t the leader of the Pennsylvania line At Brandyvoted In favor of attack At Germantown wine At White AtNever Marsh last November tack, attack! It waa the onlv word he knew And those two words attack' and fight" were the keynotes of tils whole career, both In the Revolution and durIt ing the Indian war afterwards. would have been appropriate If he could have died on the field of buttle Instead, he was stricken by Illness In December of 179(1 at the fort at Presque Me on t he shores of Lake Erie, and there after great suffering tbe end came on December 15. The third member of the trilogy ot Revolutionary notables who Imd New Year's day as their birthday was n woman. Born on January I, 1752. Elizabeth Grtscom of Philadelphia was married to John Ross, a Philadel phla merchant, who was also an His most able assistant was his wife who had become widely known for her excellent materials and the unusual skill with which she shaped them. Among her patrons were the foremost citizens of Philadelphia and she numbered among her friends such men as Washington, Franklin, Adnnis and Rittenhouse. So perhaps it was nat ural that when the Continental con gress on June 14, 1777, Resolved, that the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white on a blue field, representing a new constellation, the commit tee which waa appointed to carry out this resolution should go to the wid ow Ross to have her make it fo? them. Whether or not Betsy Ross designed the first Stars and Stripes or whether that honor belongs to Fran els Hopklnson of New Jersey Is a mat ter for dispute among historians. At any rate Betsy Ross seems to have been connected in some way with the early history of our national banner and the "Betsy Ross legend. If legend It be. seems to be firmly fixed In out natlonnl tradition of the origin of our flag. There U one event connected with oq Horn flan. 1, 1745T the ting which took place on January L however, which is undisputed That Is the fact that on January 1, 1778, Gen. George Washington raised over his camp at Cambridge, Mass., a flag which, although it had the Union Jack In the canton, had the thirteen alternate red and white strqies. representing the thirteen colonies. This Hag was referred to In the correspondence of the day as the American colors," and may safely be regnrded as the first American flag. Since the thirteen colonies represented in the thirteen stripes, although fighting for their rights, had not yet broken entirely away from the mother country, the British Union Jack was retained to show their connection with England. Six months later, however, the ties which bound them were severed by the Declaration of Independence, and then the need for a new banner resulted In the doing away with the Union Jack. Then came the historic resolution of June 14, 1777, the stars were placed In the canton and the flag of the United States became the Stars and Stripes. On January L 1800, there was born at Wallingford, Conn., a man who was destined to become an Important figure In American journalism and to Introduce an Innovation which wasp he the forerunner of one of the Important fuctors In our modern For It was Moses Yale Beach who conceived the Idea of speedy transmission of news which resulted ultimately In the founding of the Associated Press, the greatest news gathering organization In the world A cabinet maker. Inventor and paper-miowner in bis youth, the turning point In Beachs career catne In 1VJ1 when he married a sister of Benjamin Day founder of the New York Sun. In 1S.'!5 he purchased an Interest In that paper and later became Its proprietor Beach brought tn Hie Sun original methods for securing tbe first tidings of Important events. Express trains were run between various (mints ut Ids expense, and before r he telegraph was invented he used carrier pigeons to bring earlv European news from incoming steamers as well as from polilical gatherings, race tracks, etc. During the Mexican war. finding the means of transmitting news so slow, he established a "(mm express" system of couriers which reduced the time by Lining tbe matter before bis fellow puhll-h-ea form of a alliame was wotked out which was a forerunner of the modern Associated Press The War of 1812 saw another Important event taking place on New Years day. For It was on January I. IS15. that the British made their first attack on New Orleans, and a week later occurred the decisive engagement In which Old Hickory Jackson so decisively defeated Pakenlnims veterans. On January I. 1822, the first American settlers arrived In Texas, an event which forecast the struggle for a second war of Independence In North America and the the addition of Hie Great Southwest to the United States. On January I. 1831, William Lloyd Garrison, the Abolitionist, published the first issue of Hie Liberator tbej paper which was to have so great Hn influence In the slavery dispute. Amt what Garrison started on January 1. 1S31, was finished by Abraham Lincoln 32 years later. On January I. 1863, his historic emancipation proclamation went Into effect, and the death blow to slavery In the United States was struck. mt ntfa-pape- ra ll one-thir- rs |