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Show TUS FAYSON CHROKICJJE. PAYJ50N. UTAH . yatrioism, Strife, . Reefing Just 150 Years Ago It Enacted Measures Which Gave Force to Constitution; Assured Bill of Rights; Established Federal Judiciary, Executive Departments, Tariff System and Financial Stability, and Set New Nation on Road to Liberty and Progress Mf Aei, -- K?- r - By RAYMOND PITCAIRN HORSEBACK, by stage-- I .Y b -- Piotafv d Our First U. S. Congress ' 'dobs Achievement-Marke- IWNU Service), W r coach, or aboard the . sailing ssing coast-wis- e Roussels of the period, there tes fdrneyed, just a century and . Gihalf ago this year, some men, representing ery state then in our fed-xr-sco- re nl gal Union. iacThey were the s t newly-elect-- 1 members of the first con-- 1 1!l:ess of the United States, !V their way to the opening S' w Cpuiti'idifi 1 n- ,f)nsyiirtitfr.. J ... iO .5 "xus, then as now. There were T?4nes Madison and James .Ay Mon-destin- ) ,.'iU7A CfHilfnn, Presi- - to become nts of the United States. Rich-""'- 'j Henry Lee, Robert Morris LS d Charles Carroll, signers of Hit Declaration of Independence, included in their numbers; iiuf were also Rufus King, Roger merman and Pierce Butler, who ' h' d helped write the federal Con- - fry"- 1 m t. . . . J ........ 7. X f). m rfrtyAtnt. ,iny, A f Jfcrjttty.. ssion whose sesqui-centeal America now observes. those travelers were lfelmong whose names were illus-- ? s . .V. & y h v. Il'iniy -- 1 J) 4- X fnn,. suf.Hj cy Wdtjut great or small, famous or -jcure, all were headed for the IGA h? objective the building in the eras uriahing of New York. city 3rd rf they would represent the RS DPI and the states in the new iSonal legislature meeting unique and, as yet, untried al ftf ,uj , f( r 'yf. Philadelphia had written that RICE h$d proved but a rope of Id." Recognized today as one tEAL state documents Brnisall time, our federal Constitu- -' wa then regarded more as IfULlA outline of government; a nnd i be clothed with flesh and to receive the -ath.bl life. n Bidf.ro make this Constitution func- rp n; to establish under it a se-Ire and enduring republic; to that government of, by, fof the people would work, 3. Sa u? responsibility confront- those first members of con- IPMbss as they journeyed to the , fninf session back in the early vntha jtl 1789. Rfpsletoo.to i blood, zi i iroMf , R A CEi Discouraging Picture. gfaiie they jogged over roads or through rough undoubtedly rut-- k wil-trail- s, they Midected, those early legislators, :. the., discouraging conditions der which they would meet. ICKS jr to any thoughtful man there then grave cause for pes-A- t , Chifflahome, freedom, it is had been won; but the tomers and national bank-li- e Trr Pier, civic disorganization and i ; - -- the land. The na- ual territory of 865,000 square t bad a population of less ? in 4,000,000, and much of the yOOSmtry through which their iNjom-j)ve- GEORGE WASHINGTON .nanuses plodded was still uninhab-yo- n tiS. To the north glowered the Kiiy feat ;of England, to the south menace of Spain. In the west JS sAi.Td ,a fierce Indian foe, and "TJjr. the 'east sailed the navies of Arjfi,eat powers whose friendship never quite certain. iSEIVTu; spread the picture as of the first United ,peJ iptihbers . . tes Congress met in the spring . f 1781 cheered and sustained 'mcwly, by a faith in the new Con-SOftuUoC that had thrust upon -- Boiro such towering responsibili-Rowell they met that how faithfully they i. caudate;their duties; how conclu-ioBeJ- y fbey demonstrated that the iupople 'could and should rule is ounitJ tested by their achievements. Here is a partial record of what first congress accomplished: !. Adopted and submitted to the he Bill, of Rights. rYf Now integral part of our Constitu- ose firsi ten amendments i3 pottsttuled not only an eloquent pi'tPresaion of the American spir- but; the most significant na- Statement of personal and of the privileges of the com- ;,4ttintin the world had ever seen. Ttafrhshed the first three 0 N w !j'i tn 1 safe-Mrtban- d ex--W- departments State, .ISUfy and War; then con- di and supported probably illustrious cabinet our f&n kas ever known Thomas fOn, Alexander Hamilton j Gieral J Henry Knox. our federal judiciary, by a Supreme court a Unique tribunal of justice. to protect every citizen usurpation of his it constituted, in ords of the historian, the .rl'r.e'entative of the wisdom and 2ppstice and conscience of the , Op , I jaw-'fSne- d consti-right- nrjrr.rf,. ily. Actually the first congress of the United States got off to a late start. It had been called for March 4, 1789, and, technically, began on that date; but delays, due largely to rough roads, made the necessary quorum in both houses impossible until early April. Once convened, the congress sat through three sessions, and in two cities the first session in New York, from April until September 29, 1789; the second, also in New York, from January 4 until August 12, 1790, and the third in Philadelphia, from December 6, 1790, until adjournment on March 3, 1791. Conflicting Policies. Nor were its works accomplished in that perfect harmony which their ultimate success might suggest. Bitter were many of the discussions, and caustic some of the personal attacks that marked the debates. During its sessions were fought issues that introduced many of the great party controversies which were to rise and fall throughout the whole future political history of the nation. The conflict between adherents of a strong central government and those who would have power reside in the states Federalist vs. Hamilton vs. Jefferson actually created and consistently influy enced our political system. But the inspiring pageant that dramatized the beginning of our federal government thrust into the background for a while all those lurking difficulties. This was the inauguration of George Washington as President of the United States. Under the Constitutional provisions of that period, the counting of the electoral vote for President had been the first important duty of congress. Washingtons selection was a and the foregone conclusion, count confirmed popular approval. He received 69 votes, representing the whole number of electors casting ballots. Votes for the second candidate, who was to be vice president, were more scattered, but John Adams had been chosen. It is interesting to observe on the list of those for whom electoral votes were cast the now famous name, Lincoln! This, however, was Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, a hero of the Revolution. More than 70 years were to pass before Abraham Lincoln was nominated and elected under conditions vastly different but scarcely less serious to the future of our federal union. On March 3, 1791, the first con gress of the United States came to a close in historic Independence square, Philadelphia, where the third and final session had been held. Effectively it had fulfilled its mission; devotedly it had supported and made of the Constitution a living force; dramatically it had launched on the seas of progress, a new and noble Ship of State. How that ship bore, through later storm and calm, the growing nation to a glory of prestige, of expansion and of liberty and g for its people unrivaled elsewhere on earth, remains today one of the grandest epics in all history. two-part- jL3winf lawlessness cast their p, (y y faf.i whole people . . . the peaceful arbitrator in all questions touching the extent and sway of constitutional power . . . the great moral substitute for force in controversies between the people, the states and the Union. Enacted financial measures, conceived by Alexander Hamilton, which lifted both the nation and the states out of a monass of debt and bankruptcy caused by war and unstable government, and set the country firmly on the road to prosperity. He smote, said Daniel Webster of Hamilton and his measures, the rock of national resources, and copious utfwo years earlier a convention Gou-- If.,. Page in the Journal of the First Congress of the United States for April 6, 1789, giving the electoral vote and certifying the election of President George Washington and Vice President John Adams. pw'Mtitntion. it A iyyr4.i : Lake m . iY. ) TTthe making. c m (jrory.flfji'Kfori,, fy, JhJ Httriitnituiytfirtt. n)t . they were to be joined such noted patriots as George our first President, KimLishington, Bod and Alex- j Thomas Jefferson der Hamilton, members of the ASSt cabinet of the republic then freshly-refur-feder- m r S - ... s, streams of wealth poured forth. He touched the dead corpse of public credit, and it stood forth erect with life. Imposed, for the payment of the debts of the United States and the encouragement and proteca tariff tion of manufactures, on imports thus introducing not only a productive and enduring source of revenue, but a peren- issue political-economi- c nial which has persisted to this day. Provided for and fixed the site of our present national capital-th- en an undeveloped tract along the Potomac, now the impressively beautiful city of Washington. They also enacted: Measures providing for patents and copyrights, for the naturalization of aliens, for a decennial census, the admission of new states, a national banking system, a mint, and our decimal system of coinage. Legislation encouraging and protecting American shipping so effectively that within a few years the Stars and Stripes floated in every commercial port and on every navigable sea. Acts and appropriations providofing for the salaries of federal ficials, (including congressmen themselves) as well as for other necessary "operating expenses to the young republic. But above all, they established a sense of security; a confidence, at home and abroad, in the new nation and the new ideal in govWhen ernment it represented. they ended their sessions, the fog of doubt and despair that had shrouded the great American experiment was largely dispelled. The sun of hope and cheer shone more brightly over the new land. been had wonders These worked neither quickly or eas well-bein- rever since has witnessed so colorful and s:gmficant an inauguration as that which made George Washington President. His journey northward from Mt. Vernon had been a continuous ovation. His route was virtually strewn wii flowers; his short passage through every community was made the occasion for songs and speeches of affectionate tribute. In New York he was welcomed with pageantry and acclaim. Such was his enthusiastic welcome. Soon he learned, as has each of his successors, that the criticisms and the headaches were to come. So, too, did congress. Few, if any, of its important measures passed without the strife which we have grown accustomed to expect on Capitol Hill today. Even over the title with which the President should be addressed congressmen wrangled. Some, with the forms of royally still in mind, wanted to refer to him as His Highness; others as, His Mightiness. Senator Ellsworth, of Connecticut, protested, for example, that the plain title President was too common. There were, he explained, presidents of fire companies and of cricket clubs. Something more impressive was desirable. But the majority denounced titles as dangerous, arrogant and even idolatrous, and finally the simple constitutional form, "The President of the United States, was adopted. Dispute Over Tariff. Probably the first and most lasting legislative antagonisms in congress were roused by the early tariff measures. In offering them, James Madison proposed specific rates on certain articles such as tea, coffee, sugar, molasses, wines, and spirits; an ad v.alorem tax upon other imports, and various tonnage duties. But few liked the measures as a whole. The manufacturing districts wanted protection against rival products made with cheaper labor abroad. The South and other agricultural areas objected to high rates, protesting that they would bear the burden. Proposals to tax the importation of slaves aroused bitter debate between North and South. . Heated discussion occurred on the proposal to tax rum some of it not dissimilar to arguments heard during our recent prohibition period. One member insisted that, in effect, it asked citizens to drink down the public debt. When an advocate urged the tax as a method of promoting temperance, an opponent pointed out that they were legislating on revenue, not morals. But finally the measure passed, including levies on rum. Soon it was yielding some $200,000 a month a welcome and encouraging income. Equally bitter was much of the debate over the financial measures proposed by Hamilton to raise funds and to meet the total indebtedness incurred during the war. The debts, both state and national, amounted in all to about $80,000,000 then an imposing figure, however meager it may seem when compared to the billions of public indebtedness created during recent years. The problem, moreover, was complicated by the fact that many of the certificates, bonds and issued by the earlier government had been sold by their original holders at discount prom-ises-to-p- to speculator. Briefly, Hamilton proposed: first, to fund the national debt by giving the holders of such paper new Federal bonds in exchange; and, second, to have the federal government assume the debts of the states. Violently were such suggestions opposed by members who felt the plan benefited the speculator at the expense of the patriot, and by representatives of those states which had small debts and, therefore, feared dis- crimination against their constit- uents. Sound Finances. But the proposals carried, firmly establishing confidence in the credit and fiscal soundness of the new nation then, as now, the true foundation of happiness and prosperity for the people. Passage of the National Bank, the Mint and Currency Acts further increased the availability of credit and money, thus quickening the young republics march toward prosperity. Over salary and appropriation measures there also raged spirit- Economical as ed discussion. those expenditures sound in these days of reckless spending, they then evoked frequent storms of criticism. Jiffy Knit Skirt . oerica and Blouse That's Easy j-le-ud ADVENTURERS CLUB HEADLINES FROM THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELFI Hello, Siberian Melodrama everybody: a sounds it as.f might have hapyarn that hombres pened out in the old Wild West when two-gufought it out in the streets and booted and spurred cleaned out dance halls with volleys from their six guns. I dont know whether those things ever happened out in the West. All I know is what I see in the movies. This incident Im going to tell you about sounds like the West, but it happened way over in the eastern part of Siberia, and it happened to Samuel C. Taylor of New York City. You know, we had troops in Siberia for a couple of years after the World war. Sam Taylor was one of them. He was with a platoon of 60 men from Company D, Thirty-firUnited States infantry, stationed at the little Siberian town of Uglonaya. The town itself was nothing but a railroad station and a few houses. The soldiers were living in half a dozen box cars that had been taken off their wheels and set on the ground beside the track. But though the town was small it was affording plenty of excitement. It was about the middle of January, and for days the Americans had been watching an army go through the town. n cow-punche- well-direct- rs ed st Large knitting needles and some Shetland floss make this jiffy knit a delight to novice or expert. Its knitted round and round in stockinette stitch, beginning at the neck and working down. Stunning sunburst detail the neck, smart raglan sleeves and snug all ribbing at neck and wrists easy to do and quickly finished. The plain knitted skirt, smartly flared, completes the costume. In pattern 6019 you will find complete instructions for making the blouse shown and a skirt in sizes and an illustration of the blouse and of the stitches used; material requirements. To obtain this pattern, send 15 ... 16-1- 8 38-4- cents in coins to The Sewing Circle, Household Arts Dept., 259 West 14th St., New York, N. Y. It wasnt a hostile army but at the same time it wasnt a friendly one either. It was a Bolshevik army moving to attack Vladivostok, not far away as distances go in Siberia. Sam says there were thousands of them, well equipped with machine guns, and lugging enough field pieces to blow those 60 Americans and their box cars to Halifax. But they couldn't be bothered with the Americans. Taking Vladivostok was more im- portant. Plant Seeds Carefully 7'HEN vegetable and flower seeds purchased from reputable firms do not germinate as they should, it is safe to assume that conditions are not favorable for growth, or that seeds tvere not planted properly. Therefore, it is of greatest importance to plant seeds according to directions on the packets. Extremely small seeds must be covered only lightly with soil, according to Harold N. Coulter, vegetable expert. The will to grow is strong in seeds, but they have their limitations. To plant a tiny seed, like the petunia, under an inch of soil is like burying a man under a building and asking him to push it away. He whipped (he automatic up and let go. Heavier, larger seeds, of course, may be planted deeper. Beans just pulled in on a siding, and Bolshevik soldiers had crowded into the and cucumbers may be covered station where they could buy hot tea and vodka. And as Pat Strong with of an inch to paced up and down the platform a big Russian said something to him in a full inch of soil. Peas and corn Russian. sprout vigorously and may be Pat couldnt understand him. He came to port arms while the planted from an inch to an inch Russian stormed and gesticulated, and finally grabbed Pats gun. Pat and deep. tried to pull the gun away, but the Russian was a powerful brute. He Many successful home gardenA snow more Amer bank. couple spun Pat around and threw him in a ers actually cover peas and corn icans came running up. He threw them into the snow bank, too, and with an extra of soil aftmade a mad dash for the station. er they begin to push through. Thats where Sam came into the pieture. As provost guard, he This protects them from birds, rated a sentry box down at the end of the platform. He saw the and also helps keep weeds down. Sam Acted as Provost Guard at the Station was acting provost guard at January the railroad station. It was a bitter cold day. A cutting wind was sweeping past the station and Private Pat Strong, on sentry go, was stamping up and down the platform. Two Bolshevik troop trains had On the afternoon of 18, Sam ry three-quarte- one-ha- rs lf half-inc- fight just as the Russian broke loose and started into the station, and he came out on the run. With the other three Americans at his back he started after him. I went bursting into the station as if the whole U. S. Says he: army was stepping on my heels. That station was full of Bolshies, singing, talking and yelling. Lots of them had rifles, some of them had hand grenades tied to their belts. But I didn't have time to look over the grenade situation Just then. That big Russian had found himself a rifle. I was five feet inside the door when I spotted him, but he must have seen me first because he was raising his gun. It Was a Question Who Would Shoot First. Sam had a .45 automatic, and it was a question of whether he or the Russian could shoot first. Without even taking time out to think, he whipped that automatic up and let go. The big Russjn dropped. For an Instant there was a dead silence in Those Huskies were surprised, saya Sam, and so the station. was I. For a second well I almost opened fire on the whole bunch of them, but I caught myself just in time. It was a tough spot and Sam knew it. Here was a whole roomful of wild Russians and he had just shot one of their pals. If he started out the door, some of them would be sure to begin shooting. If that happened, thered be general disorder, with 60 Americans fighting a whole troop train full of Bolsheviks. And what was more to the point, it would be curtains for Sam. I had to use my head, he says, and 1 decided I'd bluff them. I stood in the middle of the floor, waved my pistol over their beads and pointed to the door. And then happened the thing that probably saved my life. In swinging my arm I tightened my grip on the pistol to keep from dropping it. And in doing that I squeezed the trigger too hard. BANG! Off she went again. That bullet struck somewhere behind the bar and down came a lot of glassware." Sam says the falling glass created a terrible racket. The Russians must have thought a sheil had burst in there. They turned and stampeded for the door, and Sam says they went through it like a Kansas tornado. In ten seconds there wasnt a Bolshevik In the place. And where were the other three fellows? says Sam. They were outside, turned into a rear guard. When they heard those shots inside and saw all those Kuskics piling out, they ran for camp to tell the others the Russians had eaten me alive and were coming to eat them, too. Sam says he certainly did NOT feel like a hero when he went into It was only that station. He just didn't have time to think about it after I got inside, he says, that I realized I was in a swell pickle. Ive often thought afterwards, suppose I hit one of the grenades those Russians had tied to their belts. Boy, that WOULD have been an adventure. Copyright WNU h CONSTIPATED? Dont Let Gas, Nerve Pres- sure Keep Too Miserable When You art onatipated two tkinga hapnen. FlliST: Accumulated wastes swell up the bowels and press on nerves in tbs diges-titraot. This nervs pressure causes bead allies, a dull, lasy feeling, bilious spells, loss of appetite, and ditminoaa. SKCONU: Partiv digested food starts to decay for mini GAo, bringing on sour stomach, add indigestion and heartburn, bloating you up until you sometimes gaap for breath. Then you can't eat. You cau't sleep. Your stomach Is sour. Yon feel tired out, grouchy, and miserable. Adienka give you tha DOUBLE ACTION you need. This efficient carminative cathartls relieves that awful GAS almost at once. It usually clears the bowels in lets than two hours. No waiting for overnight relief. Sold at all drug starts Character Earned Property may be inherited ; character must be won. SALVE relieves COLDS Liquid-table- price ts salve-nos- s 10c & 25c DROPS WNU W 13- -39 Salt Lakes NEWEST HOTEL Service. Baby Otter and Other Animals Like to Play Most playful of all wild creatures To the President was accorded full grown an annual salary of $25,000, which are otters, for even when in the cannot resist anything they he accepted reluctantly; to senators and representatives a com- shape of a ball that floats. romp together, puffpensation of $6 for every day of Babyoutbadgers their fur until they look like The ing attendance, with mileage. secretaries of state and treasury black and white balls, then bouncon their short received $3,500 each; the postma- ing round and round A favorite game Is stiffened legs. and the ster-general attorney-genera- l, to mount a fallen tree, and $1,500; the chief justice for one John Jay $4,000, and the other its companions to try to pull it down, relates Oliver G. Pike, F. Z. Supreme court justices, $3,500. Magazine. Appropriations for the depart- S., in London Young polecats play a similar ments, civil list, etc., were simigame, but are far more graceful. larly modest. To this determination that the peoples money As they prance around, their slender should not be wasted, that sound backs are arched, and they look economy should rule; historians most attractive in their rich dark attribute much of the fiscal suc- brown glossy fur. Badgers, polecats, stoats, ana weasels have very cess of the new government. Tit-Bit- s little method in their play, unlike the organized games of the otter. I doubt if anyone has ever detected play among fish, or seen lizards or snakes indulging in games. All these are cold blooded and are only active when the temperature is warm enough to give them an interest in life. The play of foxes will often turn to tragedy so far as the farmer is concerned, for if they get among fowls they will kill one for food then, like puppies, chase everything that moves. If the birds had the sense to keep still the fox might pass them by. but he will slaughter them by the dozen while they continue to run. Hotel TEMPLE SQUARE Opporit, Mormon TrmpI, HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Rates $150 to $3.00 It's a mark of distinction to sto, at this beautiful hostelry ERNEST BOSSITER. Mt. a |