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Show Pf evj- - Hie Three Men Who Made Lincoln President $ By SCOTT WATSON 4 is In 1836 Science Service Fell became interested "ft leclared: on ' r, could have made but it is not cer-- ,t any other state than Lin-enato- which he found the quali-c- h were inherent in him; needed a political situa-as exited in Illinois to m at the opportune time esident of the United us to develop h comes another authority oln who takes what Bar- of Illinois, and narrows to an Illinois city. He man Day Wakefield, au HOW LIN 2 new book, owes, sir t d h ice BECAME A. Farle irt Democrat: PRESIDENT Played by Blooming-inoiand Certain of Its s, in Preparing Him for isidency and Securing His ition and Election, A Howa ssistant pub-recent- ly p by Wilson-Erick-o- f New York. In the lapter of his book Mr. ild quotes the foregoing from Bartons speech DAVID DAVIS is: oln did not become Pr6si-nerel- y stayed there two years, traveled through his own for a year in the South and finalTo be sure this was the ly volunteered to serve m the which cause of his success, Mexican war, during ne were other factors in time he contracted a disease lation. One of these was which nearly proved fatal. Disbecame fitted for office charged from the service at Jefi hard experience in asso-wit- h ferson Barracks, Mo., before he men of unusual d had fully recovered, Swett startanother, that he won ed for home. En route east he pport of three influential arrived in Bloomington where he Bloomington who devoted settled down to teaching school Ives with untiring energy and reading law while regaincause. ing his health. He was adthree men were Jesse mitted to the bar in June, 1849, 1, David Davis and Leon-et- t. and began the active practice of One of them was a law in Bloomington. Through Dar from Pennsylvania, one his acquaintance with Judge im on the eastern shore of vis he met Lincoln, who had just ind and the third wa3 a returned from his one term in 5 from Maine. So those congress to take up his work as states can claim some a circuit-ridin- g lawyer again. with Illinois, Lincoln spent over half of evthrough their lative sons, in giving Abra- ery year riding the circuit,inincoln to the nation and writes Wakefield. And the world. fluence of the Eighth Circuit e Fell was the Quaker. He upon the career of Lincoln can llu ca-an- scarcely be overestimated. It was on this circuit that Lincoln of all November 10, 1808, the friendship made just months before a son ar sorts of people, and here he in the log cabin home of first became famous. But it was and Nancy Hanks Lincoln principally hi3 friends in Bloom- orn in New Garden town--hest- er county, Pennsylva tells !& of the W olula ed tmee3 Seattle, 1 l ml 1)6 Chicago Where Lincoln Was Nominated W. Fell, Migrating Ington, headed by Jesse Leonard at tt,?entuckyand Davis twenty-threJudge David tudiprf ?ge an attorneys Swett, who created his countryin gt as uenville- Ohio, for wide fame, conceived of him nomhis secured fardfrJhen continued his President, and raw little ination. er vin mg The first step toward this goat Blomington, inhere h opened its taken by Jesse W. Fell m was first hcein.u n! of 1833. 1854. On May 30 of that year EPrmg i bill, which a leSal business the t?FeU . then the had been introduced into conmet a gress by Senator Stephen t youmian:1Ttbere hh cuntvS1S at0r from San Douglas, became a law Almt c tlamei Abraham Immediately the This to marked the be- in the North began Wigwam in - e, - Kansas-Nebrask- wearinf and 2 P ik 14 Lincoln in I860 Anti-Nebras- (now Colby) college, he began studying in the office of a law firm in Portland. He could have made him essential-onditions it. He needed neral black-gold- Kansas-Nebrask- an address State historical anti-'lnver- v to Scare Demons Place a glass pie plate over the top of the kettle when making a stew. The stew may then be watched while cooking without lifting the cover or allowing steam to escape. Greeks of Old Followed Quaint Marriage Rites HE ancient custom of veil-- - as once a trick ing a bride to mislead mischievous demons Thus Prof. Ludwig Deuhnei of the Berlin university explains bridal veils, which in ancient times were more envelopw Add a tablespoon of cream to roast beef or lamb gravy. It makes it a delicious brown. Drain all juices from fruits or vegetables used for salads before ing and mysterious than the airy at ranging them on the plates. veil of a modern June brid. Placing the food in a colander Fear of demons, it appears, for five minutes is a good idea as plagued the ancient Greeks in a then pH juices will drain out fashion reminiscent of the fairy-talquickly. fear of the wicked fairy who alTo wrnsh black cloth garments, ways turned up for trouble at wedadd a tabiespoonful of vinegar to dings and christenings. Brides Disguises. every gallon of water; wash in Describing lengths to which wed- hot but not boiling water with ding parties would go to foil de- soap. If very dirty use turpentine mons, Prof. Deubner said that instead of vinegar, rinse thorbrides In Sparta were dressed in oughly, put into strong blue men s clothing. The Spartan maid, water, leave for six hours, then dressed like a man and with her dry without fire or sun. hair shorn, was shut up in a dark room to await her bridegrooms On the tiny baby flocks where arrival and a dramatic rescue. neatness and daintiness mean so Other ancient peoples tried other much it is wise to have a line of confusing practices. On the island hemstitching made where you of Kos, near Asia Minor, it was wish the lace to go. Cut through tlie bridegroom who dressed up. He tlie hemstitching and sew the in- wore women's clothes. sertion on either side with fine Prof. Deubner finds evidence that stitches. There will be no rough Greek marriage customs are relat- edges anywhere and mean the ed to customs of other daintiest sort of work. e Spent or dried up oil wells would be , made to ooze forth more according to a process for increasing the productivity of wells recently patented here (patent No. 2.03S720) by WASHINGTON. make an issue of the bill and in August Douglas returned to his home state to justify his efforts in its behalf. On September 1 Illinois. Douglas made a speech in ChiIt was during this period in cago, a defending the Lincolns life that the youngest bill and he was scheduled of the trio came on the scene. to address a Democratic meeting He was Leonard Swett, born in Bloomington on the same subnear the village of Turner in Ox- ject later in the month. ford county, Maine, on August In the meantime a German 11, 1825. After three years at state convention Waterville ESSE NU Servlet, Chemist Patents Process for Raising Oil Field state when Jesse Fell suggested that he move to Bloomington and take over Fells law practice which he was giving up for the real estate business. Davis accepted the offer, which also included financial aid. About this time he first became acquainted with Lincoln. But their closest association came some twelve years later when Davis, as a judge, and Lincoln, as a lawyer, were making the rounds of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of ilets W Dried Up Wells Made to Produce More Petroleum in real estate and turned his law office over to a young lawyer named David Davis. Davis was of 3 you never heard born at The Rounds," Sassabefore. But if it fras Neck, in Cecil county, Maryfor them you nugbt land, on March 9, 1815. GraduI;n heard of Abraham ated from Kenyon college in Ohio the age of seventeen, he studThat is why at ied law for two years in an office here of them, hearing in Lenox, Mass., and then attended law school in New HaA years ago Dr. William ven, Conn., for a year. In 1835 'V famous as an author- - he moved to Pekin, 111., and was admitted to the Illinois bar the following year. the Evidently young Marylander wasnt any too successful in Pekin for he was about to return to his native incoln, in itmciene ginning of a friendship which endured for 30 years and which was destined to be more important to that young legislator than either man then realized. the story of three 'framed Jesse W. Fell, pa is and Leonard -- Keeping Up Bridal Veils Used in Ancient Times Upon his return home, Fell presented the matter to Lincoln who rather the idea. He admitted that he would like to be President but that he was also aware of the many practical difficulties which would prevent its coming to pass. Fell, however, was firm in his conviction that it could be brought about and, as corresponding secretary of the Republican state central committee, he industriously promoted the idea everywhere he went in Illinois. Furthermore he prevailed upon Lincoln to write an autobiographical sketch which he sent to a Republican leader in Pennsylvania who gave it wide circulation in the East. Back in Illinois Fell had convinced David Davis and Leonard Swett of the feasibility of making Lincoln President, and Lincoln found himself backed by as loyal and efficient a triumvirate as he could well have. They formed a Lincoln club in pooh-poohe- d was held in Bloomington and on the evening of September 12, Lincoln who was then in town to attend court, was invited to address the delegates. On that occasion he for the first time in his life, publicly and in forthright W'ords denounced slavery and asserted that it was incompatible with American institutions." As a result of this speech Jesse Fell conceived the idea of having a discussion of the subject by Lincoln and Douglas when the latter came to Bloomington for the Democratic Bloomington which, while promeeting on September 26. So Fell arranged to have Linfessing to promote the interests coln be in Bloomington on that of the Republican party, in realdate and when Douglas arrived ity was to boost Lincolns candihe laid before the two men his dacy. They engineered an enplan for a series of joint debates. dorsement of him for President Lincoln was willing, but Dougat a Republican mass meeting, las declined. Although Fells held in Bloomington on April 2, plan failed at the time, he did 1860, to choose delegates to the not give up the idea and for the state convention in Decatur on next four years he continued to May 9. At this convention Lincolns urge that the debates be held. In the meantime Lincoln, alcousin, John Hanks, appeared though defeated in his attempt to with his famous fence rails, and win a seat in the United States Lincoln was hailed as the Rail Desenate in an election held in Feb- Candidate for President. ruary, 1855, had become increas- spite some sentiment for William II. Seward of New York and Edingly prominent in the councils of the party in ward Bates of St. Louis as ReIllinois. On May 29, 1856 this publican nominees, Lincolns party held a state convention in friends brought about a unani- Bloomington to choose candidates for state offices and elect delegates to a national conven'V 1 tion. At that time Lincoln de- hocitf? livered in Major's hall in Bloomhis famous Lost ington Speech," the climax of which was his declaration We will say to the Southern disunionists, We wont go out of the Union, and you SHANT! But if 1C56 was an important Anti-Nebras- year in Lincolns career, 1858 was even more important. He and Douglas were rivals in the election for United States senator and they were opponents in dethe famous Lincoln-Dougla- s bates. Douglas won the election but popular opinion returned Lincoln as the winner of the debates. Moreover, they made him "for the first time a nationally known figure. Until nationally known, his rise to the presidency was impossible. Just as Jesse W. Fell was the first to suggest the debates with Douglas, so was he the first man seriously to think of Lincoln as a Presidential possibility and to urge Lincoln to become a candidate." In giving the circumstances under which this came about, Wakefield quotes Fells own words as follows: In the fall of 1858, during the discussion between Senator Douglas and Mr. Lincoln, I had occasion to visit the Middle and Eastern states; and as the whole country was then agitated by the slavery question, and that discussion cut a prominent figure in the agitation, I was freinformaquently applied to for Lincoln. tion in reference to Mr. I felt my state pride flattered still more by these inquiries, and to find the New York Tribune, coand other papers, publishing disthese from extracts pious cussions, taken from the Chicago I did what little I could press to satisfy so laudable a curiosiat first, tha. ty not thinking, would come of further anything to in reference discussion, this to election his Mr. Lincoln, than from the the senate. At length, and frequency of these inquiries conIllinois the of public notices to test, an impression began efforts judicious that by form, Pc could be made the Republicanm randuMie lor the presidency ICoO. LEONARD SWETT mous endorsement of his candidacy and a pledge that the Illinois delegates to the national in Chicago would convention vote as a unit for him. A week before the convention opened in the Wigwam, a building which had been especially built for the meeting, the Illinois delegation, headed by David Davis, who was ably assisted by Leonard Swett, opened Lincoln headquarters in the Tremont hotel. There they planned their convention strategy and set to work to win delegates from other states for their candidate. The story of that convention and its result is a familiar one to most Americans. Not so familiar is the story and that is the one which Mr. Wakefield has told in his new book. The evidence which he produces in it lends strength to his declaration that The sucand later cessful nomination election of Lincoln was beyond question chiefly the work of the three Bloomington men David Davis, Leonard Swett and Jesse That i3 why they W. Fell. should be written down as the men who gave to their nation one of its greatest men end to history oneern of its immortal. Union, behind-the-scen- ft, Wei Newspaper Melvin Do Groote of St. Louis. Such simple chemicals, as hydrochloric acid and sodium fluoride, powerful roach killer, when properly emulsified and injected into the well would do the trick, claims the inventor. The sick oil well when given a dose of this medicine would again yield oil trapped in the earth beyond the reach of man. Wells Not All Dry. Not aU oil wells that stop propeoples, and some can ducing ae really dry, that is, their still be found surviving in parts Do not wash art muslin cursupply of oil is not completely ex- of Greece. tains in warm water. Make a of hausted. The stoppage output lather with hot water and when Tamils Made Matches. may be caused by the building up Describing ancient Greek wed- it is nearly cold wash the curof solid deposits of wax or of inFrof. Deubner staled that ' tains. If tlie muslin is green add organic salts, such as cause water dings, as marriages were arranged by the a little vinegar to the water in hardness, in the channels or pores be were not which they are washed; if lilac parents, the couple-trock. of the consulted and often became ac- or pink add a little ammonia. Naturally, when pores and chanonly after they were wed. nels are clogged od will not flow quainted To wash feather pillows soak The popular month for weddings and the wells output eventually dein to soapsuds for several hours, late and January clines to the point where it is not corresponded in our calendar. changing the water as it becomes early February practical to work the well, although The bride sacrificed her hair, her soiled. Then put them through a there may still be much oil presgirdle, and her toys at tire altar of washing machine or wash them ent. by hand. Rinse them well in Artemis. The Inventors mixture of hydroclear water and hang them in a to a modern Corresponding chloric acid and sodium fluoride is church a sacrifice rite sunny place to dry. Turn frewas wedding to intended regenerate the produc- to the goddess Hera. During the quently to change the position of tivity of such wells. It has the wedding the feathers in the tick. banquet the property of dissolving out the min- removed the bride's veiLbridegroom Wedding eral deposits which clog the pores Custards may be cooked on the gifts went by a name meaning unand channels. veiling, because they were received top of the stove when the oven Acids Make Opening. is in use, and they are just as after the removal of the veiL Not only that, but Injected Into Guests accompanied the couple to ' good as custards cooked in the the well, the chemicals eat out new their home and threw old shoes to ' oven. Put the dish into a kettle of openings in the rock, making it ward off evil Hie groom lifted water and keep the water boiling more porous. his bride from the cart in which until the custard is set. Associated Nswapspers. WNU Ssrvlce. The hydrochloric acid in the mixthey rode, and she like ancient ture dissolves out the calcareous German brides walked thrice or limestone-lik- e in token of deposits. At the around the hearth-fir- e same time some of the acid reacts her entrance to a new family. with the sodium fluoride to liberate the powerful hydrofluoric acid which dissolves away the clogging 21 American Cities silica deposit most difficult to disEscaped Typhoid solve clogging mineral Wi 1EN kidneys Function badly and o j New Magnesium Pellets May Help Save Wild Ducks WASHINGTON. suffer a nagging backache, with dizziness, burning, scanty or too Deaths During 1935 Magne- sium added to the lead used in duck shot may give wild ducks a chance for their lives if the CHICAGO. Twenty - four cities have a large place on the honor roll of the American Medical association, having had no deaths from typhoid fever during the year 1935. These cities are: Bridgeport, Conn.; Cambridge, Mass.; Elizabeth, N. J.; Erie, Pa.; Fort Wayne, hunter misses, the U. S. Biological Ind.; Grand Itapids, Mich.; JackSurvey has announced. Paradoxisonville, Fla.; Jersey City, N. J.; of use this the widespread cally, Calif.; Milwaukee, new type of ammunition would re- Long Beach, N. J.; New Bedford sult In increasing the number of Wis.; Newark, Mass.; New Haven, Conn.; Omaha, ducks. Neb.; Paterson, N. J.; Peoria, 111.; Lead pellets of the kind now used San Diego, Calif.; Scranton, Pa.; get two chances at the ducks. Sur- Somerville, Mass.; Springfield, vey scientists explain. The first is Mass.; Tacoma, Wash.; Trenton, the hunters honest chance to knock N. J.; Wichita, Kan., and Youngsdown a bird when he fires. The town, Ohio. second puts no ducks in anybodys Eight of these cities five of them pot, but only kills the poor fowl In New England had no deaths eiby slow lead poisoning. ther from typhoid or diphtheria In 1935. They are: Bridgeport, CamIlavoo Is Wrought. Shotgun pellets falling thick Into bridge, Erie, New Bedford, New hunted-ove- r marshes where wild Haven, Scranton, Springfield and ducks feed are shoveled up as the Tacoma. ducks grub In the mud for food. Death Rate Declines. They are retained In the gizzard Tlie total of typhoid deaths for like small pebbles, and as they 93 large cities annually surare slowly rubbed down some of tlie veyed by the American Medical asthe lead dissolves and finds its sociation was notably less In 1935 way into the blood stream. than In 1934, 335 as against 470. Among these is a paralysis of At the other end of the scale legs and wings, so that if the poi- are seven cities with high death son does not kill the birds outright rates from typhoid. 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