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Show Hie Kisns Hlwar isi Mon fedoi'sluirgs Historic fCra(cr runs of the War Between the States have been three quarters of a century, but find for 30nearly this of year the quiet little city of on ,pril will echo once more to their Va., Petersburg, blue-cla- d Yank and There on that date brown-garbe- d Johnny Reb or butternut again one of the most spectacular engagements in the whole four years of the Civil Battle of the Crater. u nr-- the " it will ourSe tins time ants had noted, however, that ala shorn o attle, staged though the Union earthworks P National Serv.ce, Park ,, were than the Keeping Up Iy Elmo Srott J.-'iX- i DlviI Dogs 1,He Static Marine corps entmt the Union troops adets trom the Virginian rv institute and from the Old of Jon pMwng the part the to bnfederates. But who 3nds of spectator in xppctid to gather the tbura for tins buttle there will as hnll of reality to it 1937 prototypes the ee warriors swing ction and hear the voice Free-eJito- r, Douglas Southall and historian of Marse Robert a describing through bat-i- t the sneaker system progresses. 1 nation-rrdsrnc- 1S61-C- 5 bi-h- er dcsci :ption supplj ins h'S arts of t c battle as must from the anly be omitted ctment, thev will hear in of Study of Japan Fishing Village fast 47 t! e gigantic roar of the on of four tons of powder jrled a mountain of earth, ly and air, Confederate wood ry, planks of debris high up in the 300 nearly their death. They will Union storm troops rush-nv- n into the huge hole in round, and then, slipping sliding, trying vainly to up the other side, while lerate rifles and cannon their harvest of death in And inferno below them. soldiers with the gray-cla- d es of bulLard charges re-- e the broken lines, they will ; anew the full horror of rrible fiasco which cost the :f rearly 4,000 boys in blue amed not a single yard of in the long-i-ofight for possession of tena'n ed ut the iburg longest rerican soil. siege The Explosion story of this of the en-re- nt the the The of Robert E. Lee had every attempt of Ulysses is the history of rate which existed in year of the Civil war. 3 ant with his host of blue-t- o crush the ragged men y in the long series of bat-at had raged north and if the Confederate capital. 1, commander decided that beleaguered cross the James river and Richmond from the south :h Petersburg, the back Union ng around the Confederacy. result was a protracted of nine months. In tnis skirmishes occurred almost totaling some 130 minor ements. )f A Tragic Climax. all of them were a leading tragic climax the Battle Crater. That it was to V.4, of the drawing). I. caught. When the tunneling operations had been completed on July 23 a total of 18,000 cubic feet of earth had been excavated. The four tons of powder were placed in the laterals on July 27 and the next day the miners tamping had been completed. Pleasants was then ordered to explode the mine early on the morning of July 30. He lighted the fuse at 3:15 oclock in the morning. The minutes ticked away and nothing happened! So Lieut. Jacob Douty and Sergeant Henry Rees volunteered to risk their lives and go into the tunnel to see why. They found that the fire had stopped where fuse lengths had been tied together, so they rs ' ones, twos and groups could be seen running toward the smoking Crater. Burnside and Ledlie had failed to clear their own defense obstacles and to prepare passages out of and over their own deep trenches. So their storm troops were disordered and delayed accordingly. Not a shot was fired from the Confederate side at first, but by the time the Crater was filled by a huddled mob of foremost men, the Confederate rifles were cracking from flanks and front, hostile guns were throwing gusts of canister, and it was fatal to go beyond that scene of hideous death. Out of the Death Pit. Gallant officers of the Union line sprang out of the death pit and led a few of their bravest men as far as 100 yards beyond the Craters lips, but forward of that none went and nothing could live. Survivors raced back for what shelter the pit could give them. There one after another they fell, torn by rifle balls and shell fragments. Men started despairingly to dig a trench from the Crater back to the Union lines. Men in the lines began to dig a hasty ditch toward the Crater to save what life they could from certain death if the Toward men remained there. noon orders were gotten into the Crater for the men to withdraw as best they could. They dashed for their lines, but only a part of A ' !!&$ WNU Seivice. Ma-hon- es at. Col. Henry Pleasants. search. Latitude, hardness of drinking wato mining regions all seem to have an effect on tooth decay, Dr. Clarence A. Mills, professor of experimental medicine at the University of Cincinnati, told the dentists. The amount of tooth decay In American school children increases steadily throughout the United States as the diLance from the tropics increases, Dr. Mills said. The increase Is roughly 15 more decayed teeth per 100 children for each added degree of latitude, or well over 200 per cent from Gulf to Canadian border. Effects of Ultra-ViolLight. Dr. Mills explains this as being due to the decreased amount of -violet light reaching inhabitants of the more northern latitudes. The only exception to the increase of tooth decay toward the north Is found in the northern plains section, where the sunlight is more plentiful than in other northern regions of the country. The part played by ul light in stimulating development of strong bones and teeth has already been shown. Dr. Mills pointed out. Hard water is good for the teeth, even though it makes dishwashing, laundering and other household chores more difficult and presents a serious problem to factories. Dr, Mills found almost 30 per cent more caries among the children of cities using river and lake water than among those using water from wells or springs, even though the mean latitude of the two groups was the same. The reason for this, he be lievcs, Is the degree of hardness of the water. His data show that caries diminishes as hardness increases. Animal studies have al-- I ready shown that the calcium and magnesium supply In .the drinking water and food affect bone and tooth formation and tooth decay. Caries and Soil Leaf liing. Another relation between geography and tooth decay is the finding that children living near the headwaters of a river have less caries than those living near the same rivers mouth. This is probably related to soil leaching, Dr. Mills suggests. ter and nearness ultra- tra-viol- s. oat thus was no fault of the the onSlnal Mea for he most spectacular Xf m "10!e war- - He was it Vu6 HPnry Pleasants of Neem'eRhlh Pennsylvania r,art of the Ninth Gn. A. E. had been a and most of the m his regiment were Penn- ania coal miners. h,dem panded b ng LPeasants ;nag the attacks 18G4- uD-U- ?X nihe n'on'rr Pleasants errain wdh the f the enSneer. !Mrs n - uere behind 400 feet defensive it e f tf on Peters-e- d and nearly oppo-i"called Elliotts well fortified i i egnable. Pleas nt kX-4a.n- t r vs 1- much-controvert- dust-shroude- d, grass-carpete- d sev-- F popu-arl- y supposed to weaken the them reached safety. The Confederate loss had been 276 officers and men, and this stupendous failure, as Grant X ' T called it, had cost him 3,798 captured or killed, wounded, missing. In the afternoon the The Crater of the Mine Exploded on July 30, 1864, Showing the Confederates swept forward to Entrance to the Federal Tunnel. drive away the last straggling ations and could not be. But spliced fresh ends, lighted the Union troops and that night division held the Crater when it was completed at last, fuse again and dashed hastily out had been of the tunnel. For a few min- and all the horrors that lay in the impossible accomplished. From the steep utes the waiting Union troops and about it. slope the shaft ran in for the stood shivering in the cool dawn more than 500 feet with a clear- and then Years later a farmer clearing ance of about five feet. It was A Gigantic Upheaval. near Petersburg discovered land about four feet wide at the botThey felt the earth shake un- by accident a tunnel under the tom and three at the top. der them but the only sound they ground. Further investigation reThe whole length was shored heard was a dull grumbling roar. vealed the fact that it was only and braced with timbers against Their eyes, however, told them one small part of an elaborate A high caries rate is found In minthe countless tons of sand and the story of what had happened. system that had been dug by the a ran Confederates during the long ing regions in Pennsylvania and on Over across no mans land clay above. The tunnel third of its length at a slight they saw a section of the Con- - siege of Petersburg, many of down the Ohio river. This may be accounted for by the millions of tons pitch upward, then took a steep of sulphuric acid which seep each reto another for third, pitch year from the mines into Pennsylgain the proper distance from vania streams and on down the the curving surface above, and Besides corroding boilers, Ohio. thence ran nearly level to a point and river craft, Dr. metal fort. pipes the Confederate below Mills believes this acid may lead Here the main gallery branched to tooth decay in persons drinking into two laterals about 38 feet water. Sulphuiic acid will libthe long for placing the magazine. calcium from bones and teeth erate Into the side galleries, on the In amounts, studies on lead large eve of the projected attack, were poisoning treatment have shown. carried 8,000 pounds of powder, This point and a possible relation the amount to which the requisiamount of tooth decay and between tion was cut by General Meade. amount of oxidized sulphur from thus The various magazines coal combustion in the air of smoky made were linked by fuses in cities need to be investigated furtubes, the fuse led down the galther, Dr. Mills suggested of lery and tamped with tons Exploring geographers know that earth. While this was going on, people usually have good primitive tunnel those working in the big teeth until they come in contact with could hear the Confederates civilization, and that one of the first above. Sounds of digging led articles of trade brought to such them to believe their enterprise peoples is salt. Laboratory scienhad been suspected and was tists know that when animal diets about to be countered. Morecontain large amounts of salt, calof over, the shock of discharge cium and phosphorus, important to led overhead Confederate guns bone constituents, are excreted from . fears of a cave-inEverything the body in larger amounts. Rethe for shooting speedy argued calling these two facts, Dr. Mills mine, and preparations for the efmade a rough survey of salt use Is Apit ceras today. fort to take advantage of the Part of the Confederate tunnel systemCivil and tooth decay. He found that chiltunnel this were war, lines the after in the breach tain parently forgotten sirce shortly of and adults who salt their food dren discovered was that Petersburg, hastened. But it was here constructed during the long siege have more decayed teeth. land. In heavily by a farmer clearing the brilliance of Pleasants by accident about ten yeas agoentrances of the branches two to the the nullified shown by achievement was the photograph are a mile lonff- - TJie left Slieltcrlielt Trees Live blundering of higher-upnassage. The one on the right is nearly wide and 5 feet about are Both A Fatal Choice. one is 1,700 feet long. Despite the Drouths the surface of the ground at the entrance. While Pleasants was busy with of his operations a division negro federate trenches rise up in a them no doubt, to prevent any Washinqton. Trees planttroops were being trained by gigantic upheaval. The air above repetition of Pleasants feat. Burnside to lead the assault the spot was filled with a mountToday the visitor can walk ed in the Wests shelterbelt area show through the breach to be caused ing cloud of earth, men, guns, through those tunnels and marvel at the engineering skill which by the mine. But at the last planks and fragments. Confedhigh survival percentage deminute Meade and Grant disap- erates near the Crater ran in has made it possible for these unto but spite two years of desperate duty proved of their use for thisselectdirection. The waiting Un- derground passages remain every 70 drouth, the United States forthe for eslittle changed through lest they be criticized ion legions shrank back, to batuse. in were be the to men since Both colored they debris. of est service reports. Survivals years ing the shower is the case talion of death. So Burnside had cape however, appalled. astounded, Different, sides gazed average 530 trees to the acre, the storm division chosen by A great hole appeared in the with the Crater. Today it is litout of an average of 740 60 feet tle more than a depression in drawing straws. As it turned ground, 200 feet long, enterthe surthe foredoomed planted. out, this the ground. Shaded by 25 feet deep, smoking, the lot wide, Chinese elm and cottonwood that trees, horrible. rounding prise to failure because 18 inches high when planted in it little refell to Gen. James H. Ledlie, to were bottom, recovfrom top The Union artillerymen of horrors of 1935 are now 15 and commander of the First division Althat the place sembles spring first. ered from their surprise in 18G4 a 16 of Burnsides corps. hot feet on high. Species showing best day July they began where died in growth include green ash, cottonAmericans It was brought out then and by most immediately 5,000 on nearly a fiery barrage laying down a concessional investigation latwood, Chine e ehn, red cedar and both sides of the breach. Five vain. Western Nt simper Union. Bondt rc'd I ne. er, that Ledhes bad habits blue sold.ers in and consequent unreliability were minutes later, 4,)v for oral generations is Baltimore. Dentists seeking wavs to prevent caries or tooth decay took a lesson in geography at the meeting here of the International Association for Dental Re- :p m INTERMARRIAGE Kffcrts of Latitude and Drinkin" Water Federal Mine (From a contemporary well known in the Union army. It was disclosed that Ledlie drinkstayed behind in a dug-ou- t ing throughout the Crater action and could not be induced to go out and try to extricate the remnants of his division from the deathtrap in which they were ... ik y Sirwce. Clue in Geography to Tooth Decay 'T Found bv llesearch bit p s to i C Science iSSfcsi Confederate, the land sloped very sharply behind the position of the Ninth corps. Thus what went on behind their lines was concealed from Confederate observers over a considerable area. So he conceived the idea of tunneling under the Union lines and the no mans land between them and the Confederates and laying a mine under the position held by the men in gray. His proposal was sent through the usual military channels to his division commander, Gen. Robert B. Potter, his corps commander, General Burnside, both of whom approved of it, to General Grant, who saw in it an opportunity to crack the Confederate line and pour enough troops through the crevasse to capture Petersburg. So he ordered Burnside to go ahead with the project. Carrying out those orders was an epic achievement for which Pleasants deserves more credit than history has yet given him. With his regiment of about 400 he did the job from despite lack of his superiors. General Meade and Major Duane, chief engineer of the Army of the Potomac, said the thing could not be done that it was all clap-traand nonsense; that such a length of mine had never been excavated in the history of military oper- miner-soldie- eaken the Stoek R CMills low-e- r M Happy Hulda Goes Generations Doesn't On Dishpan Duty W Va (son HE N Intermarriage for stoek and produce a race or tcople physically and mentally degenerate. Evidence to the contrary appears in a report to the American Medical association of a study of conditions in the small fishing village of Usuki on the coast of western Japan. Pattern Inhabitants of this village have strictly kept the custom of for hundreds of Intermarriage years. According to tradition the village was settled in 1005 by the descendants of a noble family forced to flee in a civil war. The biologic effect of Intermarriage has been studied in the village since 1933 by Dr. Takeshi Ikeml. His findings are summarized in the following report: There are 135 families having 1,786 members In all (904 men and 882 women). They have never min- gled with other villagers or towns- men except in business transac- tlons; consequently their habits and customs are quite different from other Japanese. Children Do Well at School. Although the children are not regular attendants at school, an Investigation of the school records shows that they generally do well at school. Thus Intermarriage never affected their Intellectual faculties. Crime Is rare. During the last ten years seven violated the fishing law, four Injured others, four did some stealing, four broke the law of weights and measures, eight were charged with gambling, one cheated others, two were robbers five Interfered with government officials in the execution of their duty, and three other derelictions brought the total instances of malfeasance to thirty-eighJudging from this, it may be affirmed that Intermarriage does not bring about the degeneration of mental control. This number of violations Is small when compared with that of the neighboring villages or towns. ; Normally Healthy and Strong. The sanitary knowledge of the people Is meager; they have epidemic diseases, such ns dysentery and cholera, but there is never any serious hereditary disease. Leprosy. syphilis and elephantiasis at present are not seen among them. Neither color blindness nor insanity The constitution of the occurs. people Is rtrong and they are good wrestlers in spite of thetr taking very simple food. In the physical examination for conscription, these villagers have always ranked first. In that prefecture, with respect to health and constitution. Divorce is rare. The birth rate, In comparison to that of the two neighboring villages, shows that intermarriage docs not affect the birth rate. Stillbirths are uncommon. There are now twenty-sevecouples who married cousins. Information about the offspring of these couples shows that "when the excellent are married, no bad results are to be found." 000-Year-O- Hulda, V t. 225, 000, as invites you to cross stitch this set of seven tea towels (8 to the inch crosses), in the gayest floss you can find! Pattern 1383 contains a transfer pattern of seven motifs (one for each day of the week) averaging about 6 by 6 i inches; material requirements; illustrations of all 6titches used; color suggestions. Send 15 cents in stamps or coins (coins preferred) for this pattern to The Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, Happy The 1383 ld N. Y. Write plainly pattern number, your name and address. Dr. rierces Tleaiant Tellcts made of May Apple are effective in removing accumulated body waste. Adv. Two Kinds of Secrecy proper secrecy is the only mystery of able men; mystery Is the only secrecy of weak and cunning ones. Chesterfield. A Don't Srritato Gas Bloating l( you want to really GET RID OR GAS and terrible bloating, don't expect to do it by Juet doctoring your stom- ach with hareh. Irritating alkallea and Most GAS It lodged In gaa tablets. the itomach and upper Intestine and la dua to old poisonous matter In the bowela that ata loadad comtipated bacteria. with If your constipation la of long standing, enormous quantities of dangerous bacteria accumulate. Then your digestion is upset. GAS often presses heart and lungs, making life miserable. You can't eat or sleep. Your head achet. Your back aches. Your complexion Is eallow and pimply. Your breath It foul. You are a sick, grouchy, YOUR wretched, unhappy person. SYSTEM 15 POISONED. Thousands of sufferers have found In Adlerlka the quick, scientific way to rid their eysteme of harmful bacteria, Adlerika rids you of gaa and cleans foul poixona out of BOTH upper and Give your bowels a lower bowels. REAL eleaniing with Adlerlka. Oet rid of GAS. Adlerika does not grips is not habit forming. At all Leading Druggists. Ignorance and Knowledge Distance sometimes endear friendship and absence sweeteneth it. Howell. HEtMIDNEYS To C.r I Kid of Acid and Poisonous Waste Your kidneys kelp to keep you well by constantly fUttrinf wsM mattar from the blood. If your kidneys fet functionally disordered and fail to remove excess Impurities, thers may bo oiaoning of ths whole system sad io1y-w!distress. liuming, scanty or too frequent may be a earning of soma kidney or bladder disturbance. You may suffer raping backache persistent headache, attacks of diizineaa, getting up nighta, swelling, puffmena under the eyear-fe- di weak, nervous, aU played out. Is to rely on a better It In aucb cases medinna that has won eountry-wid- t acclaim than on something less favorably known. l)aa Votin' Pi lit. A multitude of grateful people recommend on. Ak your nrigJibor! Reptile Rones Found in Texas Cambridge, Mass. A complete fossil specimen of a d Dimctrodon, one of the earliest of reptiles and apparently the commonest animal on earth about MISCELLANEOUS years ago, has re- FltFE MMIILD NUMBER of Hamilton Btflea. Falcon Folding Cnmrr.is nnd cently been brought to Har- 22 Ilrexe! Pen end Pencil beta. Wn' CO., Phoenii, Arisons. Bex tm. vard university by Robert Witter of the Museum of WNU W 16- -37 iong-spine- 225,-000,0- 00 Comparative Zoology. It was found in the red beds" of northwestern Texas, which have previously yielded numerous skeletons of the early Permian period, of which the Dimetrodon was charcreature acteristic. This had its day and ceased to be, long before the rise of the kingdom of the dinosaurs. Most spectacular feature of the eight foot animal is a series of long, bony spines extending two feet upward from its back. There is evidence that in life the spines were connected by a web cJ skin to form a sort of sail along the middle of the back. The function of this sail. If any, Is still a scientific puzzle. It was at one time thought to be used in frightening Dimetrodons adversaries but general agreement that Dimetrodon was pretty much maste of the earth In his day dispelled this guess. The theory has also been advanced that it was used in swimming, either as a rudder or a sail, but the animal was primarily a land dweller, so this idea has also been abandoned. flesh-eatin- g SALT LAKE'S NEWEST HOSTELRY Our lobby Is delightfully air cooled during the summer months Radio tor Evory Room 200 Roomy 200 Batha HOTEL Temple Square Rate s $1.50 to $3.00 The Hotel Tempi Square has a highly desirable, frtemllv atmosphere. ou will always find it immacand ulate, supremely comfortable thoroughly agreeable. ou ran therefore understand why this hotel lai HIGHLY RECOMMENDED You ran also appreciate why t Its mark of distinction to s top at thia beautiful hostelry FRNTST C. ROSSITrR. Mgr. samara jaarg |